Skin diseases among schoolchildren in Ghana, Gabon, and Rwanda
Identifieur interne : 004057 ( Istex/Corpus ); précédent : 004056; suivant : 004058Skin diseases among schoolchildren in Ghana, Gabon, and Rwanda
Auteurs : Arjan Hogewoning ; Abena Amoah ; Jan Nico Bouwes Bavinck ; Daniel Boakye ; Maria Yazdanbakhsh ; Akim Adegnika ; Stefan De Smedt ; Yannick Fonteyne ; Rein Willemze ; Adriana LavrijsenSource :
- International Journal of Dermatology [ 0011-9059 ] ; 2013-05.
Abstract
Skin diseases, especially skin infections, among schoolchildren in Africa can be a major health problem. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalences of skin diseases among children in rural and urban schools in three different African countries and to study the influence of socioeconomic level.
Url:
DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-4632.2012.05822.x
Links to Exploration step
ISTEX:88CCDD8E3AB61552388790B7C54C1A0A81698BF5Le document en format XML
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University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bavinck, Jan Nico Bouwes" sort="Bavinck, Jan Nico Bouwes" uniqKey="Bavinck J" first="Jan Nico Bouwes" last="Bavinck">Jan Nico Bouwes Bavinck</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Dermatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Boakye, Daniel" sort="Boakye, Daniel" uniqKey="Boakye D" first="Daniel" last="Boakye">Daniel Boakye</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Parasitology, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Yazdanbakhsh, Maria" sort="Yazdanbakhsh, Maria" uniqKey="Yazdanbakhsh M" first="Maria" last="Yazdanbakhsh">Maria Yazdanbakhsh</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Adegnika, Akim" sort="Adegnika, Akim" uniqKey="Adegnika A" first="Akim" last="Adegnika">Akim Adegnika</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands</mods:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Research Unit, Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Lambaréné, Gabon</mods:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Parasitology, Institute of Tropical Medicine, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="De Smedt, Stefan" sort="De Smedt, Stefan" uniqKey="De Smedt S" first="Stefan" last="De Smedt">Stefan De Smedt</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Ophthalmology, Kabgayi Hospital, Gitarama, Rwanda</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Fonteyne, Yannick" sort="Fonteyne, Yannick" uniqKey="Fonteyne Y" 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Dermatology, University of Ghana Medical School, Korle‐Bu Teaching Hospital, Accra, Ghana</mods:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Dermatology, King Faisal Hospital, Kigali, Rwanda</mods:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Dermatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Amoah, Abena" sort="Amoah, Abena" uniqKey="Amoah A" first="Abena" last="Amoah">Abena Amoah</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Parasitology, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bavinck, Jan Nico Bouwes" sort="Bavinck, Jan Nico Bouwes" uniqKey="Bavinck J" first="Jan Nico Bouwes" last="Bavinck">Jan Nico Bouwes Bavinck</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Dermatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Boakye, Daniel" sort="Boakye, Daniel" uniqKey="Boakye D" first="Daniel" last="Boakye">Daniel Boakye</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Parasitology, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Yazdanbakhsh, Maria" sort="Yazdanbakhsh, Maria" uniqKey="Yazdanbakhsh M" first="Maria" last="Yazdanbakhsh">Maria Yazdanbakhsh</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Adegnika, Akim" sort="Adegnika, Akim" uniqKey="Adegnika A" first="Akim" last="Adegnika">Akim Adegnika</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands</mods:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Research Unit, Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Lambaréné, Gabon</mods:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Parasitology, Institute of Tropical Medicine, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="De Smedt, Stefan" sort="De Smedt, Stefan" uniqKey="De Smedt S" first="Stefan" last="De Smedt">Stefan De Smedt</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Ophthalmology, Kabgayi Hospital, Gitarama, Rwanda</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Fonteyne, Yannick" sort="Fonteyne, Yannick" uniqKey="Fonteyne Y" first="Yannick" last="Fonteyne">Yannick Fonteyne</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Ophthalmology, Kabgayi Hospital, Gitarama, Rwanda</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Willemze, Rein" sort="Willemze, Rein" uniqKey="Willemze R" first="Rein" last="Willemze">Rein Willemze</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Dermatology, 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PhD</name><affiliations><json:string>Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Akim Adegnika MD, PhD</name><affiliations><json:string>Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands</json:string><json:string>Research Unit, Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Lambaréné, Gabon</json:string><json:string>Department of Parasitology, Institute of Tropical Medicine, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Stefan De Smedt MD</name><affiliations><json:string>Department of Ophthalmology, Kabgayi Hospital, Gitarama, Rwanda</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Yannick Fonteyne MD</name><affiliations><json:string>Department of Ophthalmology, Kabgayi Hospital, Gitarama, Rwanda</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Rein Willemze MD, 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type="first">Arjan</forename><surname>Hogewoning</surname><roleName type="degree">MD</roleName></persName><affiliation><orgName>Department of Dermatology</orgName><orgName>University of Ghana Medical School</orgName><orgName>Korle‐Bu Teaching Hospital</orgName><address><settlement type="city">Accra</settlement><country key="GH">Ghana</country></address></affiliation><affiliation><orgName>Department of Dermatology</orgName><orgName>King Faisal Hospital</orgName><address><settlement type="city">Kigali</settlement><country key="RW">Rwanda</country></address></affiliation><affiliation><orgName>Department of Dermatology</orgName><orgName>Leiden University Medical Center</orgName><address><settlement type="city">Leiden</settlement><country key="NL">The Netherlands</country></address></affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-0001"><persName><forename type="first">Abena</forename><surname>Amoah</surname><roleName type="degree">MSc</roleName></persName><affiliation><orgName>Department of Parasitology</orgName><orgName>Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research</orgName><orgName>University of Ghana</orgName><address><settlement type="city">Legon</settlement><country key="GH">Ghana</country></address></affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-0002"><persName><forename type="first">Jan Nico Bouwes</forename><surname>Bavinck</surname><roleName type="degree">MD, PhD</roleName></persName><affiliation><orgName>Department of Dermatology</orgName><orgName>Leiden University Medical Center</orgName><address><settlement type="city">Leiden</settlement><country key="NL">The Netherlands</country></address></affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-0003"><persName><forename type="first">Daniel</forename><surname>Boakye</surname><roleName type="degree">MSc, PhD</roleName></persName><affiliation><orgName>Department of Parasitology</orgName><orgName>Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research</orgName><orgName>University of Ghana</orgName><address><settlement type="city">Legon</settlement><country key="GH">Ghana</country></address></affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-0004"><persName><forename type="first">Maria</forename><surname>Yazdanbakhsh</surname><roleName type="degree">MSc, PhD</roleName></persName><affiliation><orgName>Department of Parasitology</orgName><orgName>Leiden University Medical Center</orgName><address><settlement type="city">Leiden</settlement><country key="NL">The Netherlands</country></address></affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-0005"><persName><forename type="first">Akim</forename><surname>Adegnika</surname><roleName type="degree">MD, PhD</roleName></persName><affiliation><orgName>Department of Parasitology</orgName><orgName>Leiden University Medical Center</orgName><address><settlement type="city">Leiden</settlement><country key="NL">The Netherlands</country></address></affiliation><affiliation><orgName>Research Unit</orgName><orgName>Albert Schweitzer Hospital</orgName><address><settlement type="city">Lambaréné</settlement><country key="GA">Gabon</country></address></affiliation><affiliation><orgName>Department of Parasitology</orgName><orgName>Institute of Tropical Medicine</orgName><orgName>University of Tübingen</orgName><address><settlement type="city">Tübingen</settlement><country key="DE">Germany</country></address></affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-0006"><persName><forename type="first">Stefan</forename><surname>Smedt</surname><roleName type="degree">MD</roleName></persName><affiliation><orgName>Department of Ophthalmology</orgName><orgName>Kabgayi Hospital</orgName><address><settlement type="city">Gitarama</settlement><country key="RW">Rwanda</country></address></affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-0007"><persName><forename type="first">Yannick</forename><surname>Fonteyne</surname><roleName type="degree">MD</roleName></persName><affiliation><orgName>Department of Ophthalmology</orgName><orgName>Kabgayi Hospital</orgName><address><settlement type="city">Gitarama</settlement><country key="RW">Rwanda</country></address></affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-0008"><persName><forename type="first">Rein</forename><surname>Willemze</surname><roleName type="degree">MD, PhD</roleName></persName><affiliation><orgName>Department of Dermatology</orgName><orgName>Leiden University Medical Center</orgName><address><settlement type="city">Leiden</settlement><country key="NL">The Netherlands</country></address></affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-0009" role="corresp"><persName><forename type="first">Adriana</forename><surname>Lavrijsen</surname><roleName type="degree">MD, PhD</roleName></persName><affiliation><orgName>Department of Dermatology</orgName><orgName>Leiden University Medical Center</orgName><address><settlement type="city">Leiden</settlement><country key="NL">The Netherlands</country></address></affiliation><affiliation>Correspondence Adriana Lavrijsen, md, phd Department of Dermatovenereology, Leiden University Medical Center PO Box 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands E‐mail: a.p.m.lavrijsen@lumc.nl</affiliation></author><idno type="istex">88CCDD8E3AB61552388790B7C54C1A0A81698BF5</idno><idno type="DOI">10.1111/j.1365-4632.2012.05822.x</idno><idno type="unit">IJD5822</idno><idno type="toTypesetVersion">file:IJD.IJD5822.pdf</idno></analytic><monogr><title level="j" type="main">International Journal of Dermatology</title><title level="j" type="alt">INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DERMATOLOGY</title><idno type="pISSN">0011-9059</idno><idno type="eISSN">1365-4632</idno><idno type="book-DOI">10.1111/(ISSN)1365-4632</idno><idno type="book-part-DOI">10.1111/ijd.2013.52.issue-5</idno><idno type="product">IJD</idno><imprint><biblScope unit="vol">52</biblScope><biblScope unit="issue">5</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" from="589">589</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" to="600">600</biblScope><biblScope unit="page-count">12</biblScope><date type="published" when="2013-05"></date></imprint></monogr></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><abstract xml:lang="en" style="main" xml:id="ijd5822-abs-0001"><head>Abstract</head>
Objectives
<p>Skin diseases, especially skin infections, among schoolchildren in <hi rend="fc">A</hi>frica can be a major health problem. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalences of skin diseases among children in rural and urban schools in three different <hi rend="fc">A</hi>frican countries and to study the influence of socioeconomic level.</p>
Methods
<p>Cross‐sectional, population‐based studies were performed in <hi rend="fc">G</hi>hana, <hi rend="fc">G</hi>abon, and <hi rend="fc">R</hi>wanda. Point prevalences of skin diseases were estimated on the basis of physical examination by at least one dermatologist.</p>
Results
<p>A total of 4839 schoolchildren were seen. The overall prevalence of schoolchildren with any skin disease was high and amounted to 34.6% and 42.0% in two <hi rend="fc">G</hi>hanaian studies, 45.8% in <hi rend="fc">G</hi>abon, and 26.7% in <hi rend="fc">R</hi>wanda. In children with skin diseases, skin infections represented the greatest proportion of disease, accounting for 14.7% and 17.6% of skin disease in the <hi rend="fc">G</hi>hanaian studies, and 27.7% and 22.7% in <hi rend="fc">G</hi>abon and <hi rend="fc">R</hi>wanda, respectively. Diseases with the highest prevalence were tinea capitis and bacterial skin infections, especially in rural areas and in schools serving children living at lower socioeconomic levels.</p>
Conclusions
<p>The prevalences of skin diseases among <hi rend="fc">A</hi>frican schoolchildren were high. Skin infections such as tinea capitis and pyoderma predominated.</p></abstract><textClass><classCode scheme="articleCategory">Community dermatology</classCode><classCode scheme="tocHeading1">Community dermatology</classCode></textClass><langUsage><language ident="EN"></language></langUsage></profileDesc></teiHeader></istex:fulltextTEI><json:item><extension>txt</extension><original>false</original><mimetype>text/plain</mimetype><uri>https://api.istex.fr/document/88CCDD8E3AB61552388790B7C54C1A0A81698BF5/fulltext/txt</uri></json:item></fulltext><metadata><istex:metadataXml wicri:clean="Wiley, elements deleted: body"><istex:xmlDeclaration>version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="yes"</istex:xmlDeclaration><istex:document><component type="serialArticle" version="2.0" xml:id="ijd5822" xml:lang="en"><header><publicationMeta level="product"><doi origin="wiley" registered="yes">10.1111/(ISSN)1365-4632</doi><issn type="print">0011-9059</issn><issn type="electronic">1365-4632</issn><idGroup><id type="product" value="IJD"></id></idGroup><titleGroup><title sort="INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DERMATOLOGY" type="main">International Journal of Dermatology</title><title type="short">Int J Dermatol</title></titleGroup></publicationMeta><publicationMeta level="part" position="05105"><doi origin="wiley">10.1111/ijd.2013.52.issue-5</doi><copyright ownership="thirdParty">© 2013 International Society of Dermatology</copyright><numberingGroup><numbering number="52" type="journalVolume">52</numbering><numbering type="journalIssue">5</numbering></numberingGroup><coverDate startDate="2013-05">May 2013</coverDate></publicationMeta><publicationMeta level="unit" position="13" status="forIssue" type="article"><doi>10.1111/j.1365-4632.2012.05822.x</doi><idGroup><id type="unit" value="IJD5822"></id></idGroup><countGroup><count number="12" type="pageTotal"></count></countGroup><titleGroup><title type="articleCategory">Community dermatology</title><title type="tocHeading1">Community dermatology</title></titleGroup><copyright ownership="thirdParty">© 2013 The International Society of Dermatology</copyright><eventGroup><event agent="SPS" date="2012-09-20" type="xmlCreated"></event><event type="publishedOnlineEarlyUnpaginated" date="2013-04-04"></event><event type="firstOnline" date="2013-04-04"></event><event type="publishedOnlineFinalForm" date="2013-04-17"></event><event type="xmlConverted" agent="Converter:WILEY_ML3G_TO_WILEY_ML3GV2 version:4.0.1" date="2014-03-13"></event><event type="xmlConverted" agent="Converter:WML3G_To_WML3G version:4.6.4 mode:FullText" date="2015-10-04"></event></eventGroup><numberingGroup><numbering type="pageFirst">589</numbering><numbering type="pageLast">600</numbering></numberingGroup><correspondenceTo><lineatedText><line><b>Correspondence</b></line><line>Adriana Lavrijsen, <sc>md</sc>,<sc> phd</sc></line><line>Department of Dermatovenereology, Leiden University Medical Center</line><line>PO Box 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands</line><line>E‐mail: <email>a.p.m.lavrijsen@lumc.nl</email></line></lineatedText></correspondenceTo><linkGroup><link type="toTypesetVersion" href="file:IJD.IJD5822.pdf"></link></linkGroup></publicationMeta><contentMeta><titleGroup><title type="main">Skin diseases among schoolchildren in Ghana, Gabon, and Rwanda</title><title type="shortAuthors"><i>Hogewoning</i> et al.</title></titleGroup><creators><creator affiliationRef="#ijd5822-aff-0001 #ijd5822-aff-0002 #ijd5822-aff-0003" creatorRole="author" xml:id="ijd5822-cr-0001"><personName><givenNames>Arjan</givenNames> <familyName>Hogewoning</familyName> <degrees>MD</degrees></personName></creator><creator affiliationRef="#ijd5822-aff-0004" creatorRole="author" xml:id="ijd5822-cr-0002"><personName><givenNames>Abena</givenNames> <familyName>Amoah</familyName> <degrees>MSc</degrees></personName></creator><creator affiliationRef="#ijd5822-aff-0003" creatorRole="author" xml:id="ijd5822-cr-0003"><personName><givenNames>Jan Nico Bouwes</givenNames> <familyName>Bavinck</familyName> <degrees>MD, PhD</degrees></personName></creator><creator affiliationRef="#ijd5822-aff-0004" creatorRole="author" xml:id="ijd5822-cr-0004"><personName><givenNames>Daniel</givenNames> <familyName>Boakye</familyName> <degrees>MSc, PhD</degrees></personName></creator><creator affiliationRef="#ijd5822-aff-0005" creatorRole="author" xml:id="ijd5822-cr-0005"><personName><givenNames>Maria</givenNames> <familyName>Yazdanbakhsh</familyName> <degrees>MSc, PhD</degrees></personName></creator><creator affiliationRef="#ijd5822-aff-0005 #ijd5822-aff-0006 #ijd5822-aff-0007" creatorRole="author" xml:id="ijd5822-cr-0006"><personName><givenNames>Akim</givenNames> <familyName>Adegnika</familyName> <degrees>MD, PhD</degrees></personName></creator><creator affiliationRef="#ijd5822-aff-0008" creatorRole="author" xml:id="ijd5822-cr-0007"><personName><givenNames>Stefan</givenNames> <familyNamePrefix>De</familyNamePrefix> <familyName>Smedt</familyName> <degrees>MD</degrees></personName></creator><creator affiliationRef="#ijd5822-aff-0008" creatorRole="author" xml:id="ijd5822-cr-0008"><personName><givenNames>Yannick</givenNames> <familyName>Fonteyne</familyName> <degrees>MD</degrees></personName></creator><creator affiliationRef="#ijd5822-aff-0003" creatorRole="author" xml:id="ijd5822-cr-0009"><personName><givenNames>Rein</givenNames> <familyName>Willemze</familyName> <degrees>MD, PhD</degrees></personName></creator><creator affiliationRef="#ijd5822-aff-0003" corresponding="yes" creatorRole="author" xml:id="ijd5822-cr-0010"><personName><givenNames>Adriana</givenNames> <familyName>Lavrijsen</familyName> <degrees>MD, PhD</degrees></personName></creator></creators><affiliationGroup><affiliation countryCode="GH" type="organization" xml:id="ijd5822-aff-0001"><orgDiv>Department of Dermatology</orgDiv> <orgName>University of Ghana Medical School</orgName> <orgName>Korle‐Bu Teaching Hospital</orgName> <address><city>Accra</city> <country>Ghana</country></address></affiliation><affiliation countryCode="RW" type="organization" xml:id="ijd5822-aff-0002"><orgDiv>Department of Dermatology</orgDiv> <orgName>King Faisal Hospital</orgName> <address><city>Kigali</city> <country>Rwanda</country></address></affiliation><affiliation countryCode="NL" type="organization" xml:id="ijd5822-aff-0003"><orgDiv>Department of Dermatology</orgDiv> <orgName>Leiden University Medical Center</orgName> <address><city>Leiden</city> <country>The Netherlands</country></address></affiliation><affiliation countryCode="GH" type="organization" xml:id="ijd5822-aff-0004"><orgDiv>Department of Parasitology</orgDiv> <orgDiv>Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research</orgDiv> <orgName>University of Ghana</orgName> <address><city>Legon</city> <country>Ghana</country></address></affiliation><affiliation countryCode="NL" type="organization" xml:id="ijd5822-aff-0005"><orgDiv>Department of Parasitology</orgDiv> <orgName>Leiden University Medical Center</orgName> <address><city>Leiden</city> <country>The Netherlands</country></address></affiliation><affiliation countryCode="GA" type="organization" xml:id="ijd5822-aff-0006"><orgDiv>Research Unit</orgDiv> <orgName>Albert Schweitzer Hospital</orgName> <address><city>Lambaréné</city> <country>Gabon</country></address></affiliation><affiliation countryCode="DE" type="organization" xml:id="ijd5822-aff-0007"><orgDiv>Department of Parasitology</orgDiv> <orgDiv>Institute of Tropical Medicine</orgDiv> <orgName>University of Tübingen</orgName> <address><city>Tübingen</city> <country>Germany</country></address></affiliation><affiliation countryCode="RW" type="organization" xml:id="ijd5822-aff-0008"><orgDiv>Department of Ophthalmology</orgDiv> <orgName>Kabgayi Hospital</orgName> <address><city>Gitarama</city> <country>Rwanda</country></address></affiliation></affiliationGroup><abstractGroup><abstract type="main" xml:id="ijd5822-abs-0001" xml:lang="en"><title type="main">Abstract</title><section xml:id="ijd5822-sec-0001"><title type="main">Objectives</title><p>Skin diseases, especially skin infections, among schoolchildren in <fc>A</fc>frica can be a major health problem. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalences of skin diseases among children in rural and urban schools in three different <fc>A</fc>frican countries and to study the influence of socioeconomic level.</p></section><section xml:id="ijd5822-sec-0002"><title type="main">Methods</title><p>Cross‐sectional, population‐based studies were performed in <fc>G</fc>hana, <fc>G</fc>abon, and <fc>R</fc>wanda. Point prevalences of skin diseases were estimated on the basis of physical examination by at least one dermatologist.</p></section><section xml:id="ijd5822-sec-0003"><title type="main">Results</title><p>A total of 4839 schoolchildren were seen. The overall prevalence of schoolchildren with any skin disease was high and amounted to 34.6% and 42.0% in two <fc>G</fc>hanaian studies, 45.8% in <fc>G</fc>abon, and 26.7% in <fc>R</fc>wanda. In children with skin diseases, skin infections represented the greatest proportion of disease, accounting for 14.7% and 17.6% of skin disease in the <fc>G</fc>hanaian studies, and 27.7% and 22.7% in <fc>G</fc>abon and <fc>R</fc>wanda, respectively. Diseases with the highest prevalence were tinea capitis and bacterial skin infections, especially in rural areas and in schools serving children living at lower socioeconomic levels.</p></section><section xml:id="ijd5822-sec-0004"><title type="main">Conclusions</title><p>The prevalences of skin diseases among <fc>A</fc>frican schoolchildren were high. Skin infections such as tinea capitis and pyoderma predominated.</p></section></abstract></abstractGroup></contentMeta><noteGroup xml:id="ijd5822-ntgp-0001"><note numbered="no" xml:id="ijd5822-note-0001">Funding: The study was supported by a gift from the Gratama Foundation, the Netherlands, the EU project GLOFAL “Global View of Food Allergy: Opportunities to Study the Influence of Microbial Exposure” (FP6‐2003‐Food‐2B; contract: FOOD‐CT‐2005‐517812) and the Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research for Global Development (WOTRO; grant no. WB 93‐433).</note><note numbered="no" xml:id="ijd5822-note-0002">Conflicts of interest: None.</note></noteGroup></header></component></istex:document></istex:metadataXml><mods version="3.6"><titleInfo lang="en"><title>Skin diseases among schoolchildren in Ghana, Gabon, and Rwanda</title></titleInfo><titleInfo type="alternative" contentType="CDATA" lang="en"><title>Skin diseases among schoolchildren in Ghana, Gabon, and Rwanda</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Arjan</namePart><namePart type="family">Hogewoning</namePart><namePart type="termsOfAddress">MD</namePart><affiliation>Department of Dermatology, University of Ghana Medical School, Korle‐Bu Teaching Hospital, Accra, Ghana</affiliation><affiliation>Department of Dermatology, King Faisal Hospital, Kigali, Rwanda</affiliation><affiliation>Department of Dermatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Abena</namePart><namePart type="family">Amoah</namePart><namePart type="termsOfAddress">MSc</namePart><affiliation>Department of Parasitology, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Jan Nico Bouwes</namePart><namePart type="family">Bavinck</namePart><namePart type="termsOfAddress">MD, PhD</namePart><affiliation>Department of Dermatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Daniel</namePart><namePart type="family">Boakye</namePart><namePart type="termsOfAddress">MSc, PhD</namePart><affiliation>Department of Parasitology, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Maria</namePart><namePart type="family">Yazdanbakhsh</namePart><namePart type="termsOfAddress">MSc, PhD</namePart><affiliation>Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Akim</namePart><namePart type="family">Adegnika</namePart><namePart type="termsOfAddress">MD, PhD</namePart><affiliation>Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands</affiliation><affiliation>Research Unit, Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Lambaréné, Gabon</affiliation><affiliation>Department of Parasitology, Institute of Tropical Medicine, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Stefan</namePart><namePart type="family">De Smedt</namePart><namePart type="termsOfAddress">MD</namePart><affiliation>Department of Ophthalmology, Kabgayi Hospital, Gitarama, Rwanda</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Yannick</namePart><namePart type="family">Fonteyne</namePart><namePart type="termsOfAddress">MD</namePart><affiliation>Department of Ophthalmology, Kabgayi Hospital, Gitarama, Rwanda</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Rein</namePart><namePart type="family">Willemze</namePart><namePart type="termsOfAddress">MD, PhD</namePart><affiliation>Department of Dermatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Adriana</namePart><namePart type="family">Lavrijsen</namePart><namePart type="termsOfAddress">MD, PhD</namePart><affiliation>Department of Dermatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands</affiliation><affiliation>Adriana Lavrijsen, ,Department of Dermatovenereology, Leiden University Medical CenterPO Box 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, The NetherlandsE‐mail:</affiliation><affiliation>E-mail: a.p.m.lavrijsen@lumc.nl</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><typeOfResource>text</typeOfResource><genre type="article" displayLabel="article"></genre><originInfo><publisher>Blackwell Publishing Ltd</publisher><dateIssued encoding="w3cdtf">2013-05</dateIssued><dateCreated encoding="w3cdtf">2012-09-20</dateCreated><copyrightDate encoding="w3cdtf">2013</copyrightDate></originInfo><language><languageTerm type="code" authority="rfc3066">en</languageTerm><languageTerm type="code" authority="iso639-2b">eng</languageTerm></language><physicalDescription><internetMediaType>text/html</internetMediaType></physicalDescription><abstract>Skin diseases, especially skin infections, among schoolchildren in Africa can be a major health problem. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalences of skin diseases among children in rural and urban schools in three different African countries and to study the influence of socioeconomic level.</abstract><abstract>Cross‐sectional, population‐based studies were performed in Ghana, Gabon, and Rwanda. Point prevalences of skin diseases were estimated on the basis of physical examination by at least one dermatologist.</abstract><abstract>A total of 4839 schoolchildren were seen. The overall prevalence of schoolchildren with any skin disease was high and amounted to 34.6% and 42.0% in two Ghanaian studies, 45.8% in Gabon, and 26.7% in Rwanda. In children with skin diseases, skin infections represented the greatest proportion of disease, accounting for 14.7% and 17.6% of skin disease in the Ghanaian studies, and 27.7% and 22.7% in Gabon and Rwanda, respectively. Diseases with the highest prevalence were tinea capitis and bacterial skin infections, especially in rural areas and in schools serving children living at lower socioeconomic levels.</abstract><abstract>The prevalences of skin diseases among African schoolchildren were high. Skin infections such as tinea capitis and pyoderma predominated.</abstract><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>International Journal of Dermatology</title></titleInfo><titleInfo type="abbreviated"><title>Int J Dermatol</title></titleInfo><genre type="journal">journal</genre><subject><genre>article-category</genre><topic>Community dermatology</topic></subject><identifier type="ISSN">0011-9059</identifier><identifier type="eISSN">1365-4632</identifier><identifier type="DOI">10.1111/(ISSN)1365-4632</identifier><identifier type="PublisherID">IJD</identifier><part><date>2013</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>52</number></detail><detail type="issue"><caption>no.</caption><number>5</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>589</start><end>600</end><total>12</total></extent></part></relatedItem><identifier type="istex">88CCDD8E3AB61552388790B7C54C1A0A81698BF5</identifier><identifier type="DOI">10.1111/j.1365-4632.2012.05822.x</identifier><identifier type="ArticleID">IJD5822</identifier><accessCondition type="use and reproduction" contentType="copyright">© 2013 International Society of Dermatology© 2013 The International Society of Dermatology</accessCondition><recordInfo><recordContentSource>WILEY</recordContentSource></recordInfo></mods></metadata><serie></serie></istex></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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