Diversity and dialogue in immunity to helminths
Identifieur interne : 000256 ( Istex/Corpus ); précédent : 000255; suivant : 000257Diversity and dialogue in immunity to helminths
Auteurs : Judith E. Allen ; Rick M. MaizelsSource :
- Nature Reviews Immunology [ 1474-1733 ] ; 2011-06.
Abstract
The vertebrate immune system has evolved in concert with a broad range of infectious agents, including ubiquitous helminth (worm) parasites. The constant pressure of helminth infections has been a powerful force in shaping not only how immunity is initiated and maintained, but also how the body self-regulates and controls untoward immune responses to minimize overall harm. In this Review, we discuss recent advances in defining the immune cell types and molecules that are mobilized in response to helminth infection. Finally, we more broadly consider how these immunological players are blended and regulated in order to accommodate persistent infection or to mount a vigorous protective response and achieve sterile immunity.
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DOI: 10.1038/nri2992
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ISTEX:05917678AE415849C1BA2DDF7F6E8019BEB90474Le document en format XML
<record><TEI wicri:istexFullTextTei="biblStruct"><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">Diversity and dialogue in immunity to helminths</title><author><name sortKey="Allen, Judith E" sort="Allen, Judith E" uniqKey="Allen J" first="Judith E." last="Allen">Judith E. Allen</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Institute for Immunology and Infection Research, Ashworth Laboratories, West Mains Road, University of Edinburgh, UK.</mods:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Both authors contributed equally to this work.</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Maizels, Rick M" sort="Maizels, Rick M" uniqKey="Maizels R" first="Rick M." last="Maizels">Rick M. Maizels</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Institute for Immunology and Infection Research, Ashworth Laboratories, West Mains Road, University of Edinburgh, UK.</mods:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Both authors contributed equally to this work.</mods:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><mods:affiliation>E-mail: r.maizels@ed.ac.uk</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">ISTEX</idno><idno type="RBID">ISTEX:05917678AE415849C1BA2DDF7F6E8019BEB90474</idno><date when="2011" year="2011">2011</date><idno type="doi">10.1038/nri2992</idno><idno type="url">https://api.istex.fr/document/05917678AE415849C1BA2DDF7F6E8019BEB90474/fulltext/pdf</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Istex/Corpus">000256</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Istex" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="ISTEX">000256</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title level="a" type="main" xml:lang="en">Diversity and dialogue in immunity to helminths</title><author><name sortKey="Allen, Judith E" sort="Allen, Judith E" uniqKey="Allen J" first="Judith E." last="Allen">Judith E. Allen</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Institute for Immunology and Infection Research, Ashworth Laboratories, West Mains Road, University of Edinburgh, UK.</mods:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Both authors contributed equally to this work.</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Maizels, Rick M" sort="Maizels, Rick M" uniqKey="Maizels R" first="Rick M." last="Maizels">Rick M. Maizels</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Institute for Immunology and Infection Research, Ashworth Laboratories, West Mains Road, University of Edinburgh, UK.</mods:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Both authors contributed equally to this work.</mods:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><mods:affiliation>E-mail: r.maizels@ed.ac.uk</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author></analytic><monogr></monogr><series><title level="j">Nature Reviews Immunology</title><idno type="ISSN">1474-1733</idno><idno type="eISSN">1474-1741</idno><imprint><publisher>Nature Publishing Group, a division of Macmillan Publishers Limited. 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All Rights Reserved.</publisher><availability><licence><p>©2011 Nature Publishing Group, a division of Macmillan Publishers Limited. All Rights Reserved.</p></licence><p scheme="https://loaded-corpus.data.istex.fr/ark:/67375/XBH-4WZF4NWT-L">nature</p></availability><date>2011-05-25</date></publicationStmt><notesStmt><note type="review-article" scheme="https://content-type.data.istex.fr/ark:/67375/XTP-L5L7X3NF-P">review-article</note><note type="journal" scheme="https://publication-type.data.istex.fr/ark:/67375/JMC-0GLKJH51-B">journal</note></notesStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct type="inbook"><analytic><title level="a" type="main" xml:lang="en">Diversity and dialogue in immunity to helminths</title><author xml:id="author-0000"><persName><forename type="first">Judith E.</forename><surname>Allen</surname></persName><note type="biography">Judith E. Allen received her Ph.D. from the University of California, Berkeley, USA, and is currently Professor of Immunobiology at the University of Edinburgh, UK. Her laboratory uses helminth, allergy and wound repair models to understand the 'type 2' immune response in both evolutionary and practical terms with a particular interest in macrophage biology.</note><affiliation>Judith E. Allen received her Ph.D. from the University of California, Berkeley, USA, and is currently Professor of Immunobiology at the University of Edinburgh, UK. Her laboratory uses helminth, allergy and wound repair models to understand the 'type 2' immune response in both evolutionary and practical terms with a particular interest in macrophage biology.</affiliation><affiliation>Institute for Immunology and Infection Research, Ashworth Laboratories, West Mains Road, University of Edinburgh, UK.</affiliation><affiliation>Both authors contributed equally to this work.</affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-0001"><persName><forename type="first">Rick M.</forename><surname>Maizels</surname></persName><email>r.maizels@ed.ac.uk</email><note type="biography">Rick M. Maizels received his Ph.D. in immunology at the Medical Research Council National Institute for Medical Research (NIMR), Mill Hill, London, UK, and after postdoctoral research at the California Institute of Technology, University of California, Los Angeles, USA, and again at NIMR, moved to Imperial College London, UK, in 1983, where he was appointed Professor of Parasite Immunology in 1993. He took the Chair of Zoology at the University of Edinburgh in 1995. His laboratory combines cellular immunology studies on parasite infections with molecular studies of parasite-based immunosuppression in systems such as airway allergy.</note><affiliation>Rick M. Maizels received his Ph.D. in immunology at the Medical Research Council National Institute for Medical Research (NIMR), Mill Hill, London, UK, and after postdoctoral research at the California Institute of Technology, University of California, Los Angeles, USA, and again at NIMR, moved to Imperial College London, UK, in 1983, where he was appointed Professor of Parasite Immunology in 1993. He took the Chair of Zoology at the University of Edinburgh in 1995. His laboratory combines cellular immunology studies on parasite infections with molecular studies of parasite-based immunosuppression in systems such as airway allergy.</affiliation><affiliation>Institute for Immunology and Infection Research, Ashworth Laboratories, West Mains Road, University of Edinburgh, UK.</affiliation><affiliation>Both authors contributed equally to this work.</affiliation></author><idno type="istex">05917678AE415849C1BA2DDF7F6E8019BEB90474</idno><idno type="ark">ark:/67375/GT4-WQ5PXFJ2-C</idno><idno type="DOI">10.1038/nri2992</idno><idno type="article-id">nri2992</idno></analytic><monogr><title level="j">Nature Reviews Immunology</title><idno type="pISSN">1474-1733</idno><idno type="eISSN">1474-1741</idno><imprint><publisher>Nature Publishing Group, a division of Macmillan Publishers Limited. All Rights Reserved.</publisher><date type="published" when="2011-06"></date><biblScope unit="volume">11</biblScope><biblScope unit="issue">6</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" from="375">375</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" to="388">388</biblScope></imprint></monogr></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><creation><date>2011-05-25</date></creation><langUsage><language ident="en">en</language></langUsage><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The vertebrate immune system has evolved in concert with a broad range of infectious agents, including ubiquitous helminth (worm) parasites. The constant pressure of helminth infections has been a powerful force in shaping not only how immunity is initiated and maintained, but also how the body self-regulates and controls untoward immune responses to minimize overall harm. In this Review, we discuss recent advances in defining the immune cell types and molecules that are mobilized in response to helminth infection. Finally, we more broadly consider how these immunological players are blended and regulated in order to accommodate persistent infection or to mount a vigorous protective response and achieve sterile immunity.</p></abstract><textClass><keywords scheme="Journal Subject"><list><head>category</head><item><term>247</term></item></list></keywords></textClass><textClass><keywords scheme="Journal Subject"><list><head>category</head><item><term>254</term></item></list></keywords></textClass></profileDesc><revisionDesc><change when="2011-05-25">Created</change><change when="2011-06">Published</change></revisionDesc></teiHeader></istex:fulltextTEI><json:item><extension>txt</extension><original>false</original><mimetype>text/plain</mimetype><uri>https://api.istex.fr/document/05917678AE415849C1BA2DDF7F6E8019BEB90474/fulltext/txt</uri></json:item></fulltext><metadata><istex:metadataXml wicri:clean="corpus nature" wicri:toSee="no header"><istex:xmlDeclaration>version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"</istex:xmlDeclaration><istex:docType PUBLIC="-//NPG//DTD XML Article//EN" URI="NPG_XML_Article.dtd" name="istex:docType"></istex:docType><istex:document><article id="nri2992" language="eng" origsrc="yes" publish="issue" relation="no"><entity-declarations><entity id="figf1" url="/nri/journal/v11/n6/images/nri2992-f1.jpg"></entity><entity id="figf2" url="/nri/journal/v11/n6/images/nri2992-f2.jpg"></entity><entity id="figf3" url="/nri/journal/v11/n6/images/nri2992-f3.jpg"></entity><entity id="figf4" url="/nri/journal/v11/n6/images/nri2992-f4.jpg"></entity><entity id="figf5" url="/nri/journal/v11/n6/images/nri2992-f5.jpg"></entity></entity-declarations><!--nri2992--><pubfm><jtl>Nature Reviews Immunology</jtl><vol>11</vol><iss>6</iss><idt>201106</idt><categ id="rv"></categ><pp><spn>375</spn><epn>388</epn><cnt>14</cnt></pp><issn type="print">1474-1733</issn><issn type="electronic">1474-1741</issn><cpg><cpy>2011</cpy><cpn>Nature Publishing Group, a division of Macmillan Publishers Limited. All Rights Reserved.</cpn></cpg><subject code="247" id="247" path="/247" priority="0" type="npg.subjects" version="1.0"></subject><subject code="254" id="254" path="/254" priority="0" type="npg.subjects" version="1.0"></subject><doi>10.1038/nri2992</doi></pubfm><fm><atl display="show">Diversity and dialogue in immunity to helminths</atl><aug><au><fnm>Judith E.</fnm><snm>Allen</snm><inits>J E</inits><orf rid="a1"></orf><orf rid="a2"></orf><bio><p>Judith E. Allen received her Ph.D. from the University of California, Berkeley, USA, and is currently Professor of Immunobiology at the University of Edinburgh, UK. Her laboratory uses helminth, allergy and wound repair models to understand the 'type 2' immune response in both evolutionary and practical terms with a particular interest in macrophage biology.</p></bio></au><cau><fnm>Rick M.</fnm><snm>Maizels</snm><inits>R M</inits><orf rid="a1"></orf><orf rid="a2"></orf><corf rid="c1"></corf><bio><p>Rick M. Maizels received his Ph.D. in immunology at the Medical Research Council National Institute for Medical Research (NIMR), Mill Hill, London, UK, and after postdoctoral research at the California Institute of Technology, University of California, Los Angeles, USA, and again at NIMR, moved to Imperial College London, UK, in 1983, where he was appointed Professor of Parasite Immunology in 1993. He took the Chair of Zoology at the University of Edinburgh in 1995. His laboratory combines cellular immunology studies on parasite infections with molecular studies of parasite-based immunosuppression in systems such as airway allergy.</p></bio></cau><aff><oid id="a1"></oid><org>Institute for Immunology and Infection Research, Ashworth Laboratories, West Mains Road, University of Edinburgh</org>, <cny>UK</cny>.</aff><aff><oid id="a2"></oid>Both authors contributed equally to this work.</aff><caff><coid id="c1"></coid><email>r.maizels@ed.ac.uk</email></caff></aug><hst><pubdate day="25" month="05" type="iss" year="2011"></pubdate></hst><execsumm><p><list id="l1" type="bullet"><li>Infection with large metazoan parasites (helminths) typically induces a type 2 immune response. Redundancy within the immune system, as well as extensive dialogue between cells of the immune system and non-immune cells, generates enormous complexity.</li><li>The central player in type 2 immunity is the CD4<super>+</super> T helper 2 (T<sub>H</sub>2) cell, which produces a broad range of cytokines, including interleukin-4 (IL-4) and IL-13, which act on target cells expressing the IL-4 receptor α-chain. Target cells include most cells of the immune system but also local tissue cells such as epithelial cells that line mucosal surfaces.</li><li>Cells of the innate immune system, such as the recently described 'innate helper cells', can also produce type 2 cytokines. These cells function as effectors during the early stages of infection, but additionally create an environment that favours the induction of T<sub>H</sub>2-type responses.</li><li>T<sub>H</sub>2-type responses are initiated by alarm signals from epithelial cells, as well as by specific recognition of helminth products. A strict requirement for dendritic cells in this process has been established.</li><li>In addition to killing or expelling helminth parasites, type 2 immune responses contribute to rapid tissue repair, and this sometimes leads to fibrosis-related pathology. Many facets of type 2 immunity are consistent with evolutionary origins in wound-healing pathways, a reflection of the capacity of helminth parasites to damage tissue through migration and feeding.</li><li>T cell dynamics change over time, and T<sub>H</sub>2-type responses often decline during chronic helminth infection. Regulatory pathways, including regulatory T cells, restrain pathology and immune responses during infection, and some helminths are able to actively induce the expansion of regulatory populations.</li><li>Because mammals evolved in the presence of chronic infection, their immune systems may have compensated for the immune dampening effects of helminths. If so, over-reactive responses to innocuous antigens in the absence of infection may contribute to autoimmune disease and allergy.</li></list></p></execsumm><websumm>Exciting new studies have uncovered many of the molecules and cell types that contribute to 'type 2' immune responses. Here, Judith Allen and Rick Maizels discuss how these responses are generated and provide protective immunity during helminth infection.</websumm><abs><p>The vertebrate immune system has evolved in concert with a broad range of infectious agents, including ubiquitous helminth (worm) parasites. The constant pressure of helminth infections has been a powerful force in shaping not only how immunity is initiated and maintained, but also how the body self-regulates and controls untoward immune responses to minimize overall harm. In this Review, we discuss recent advances in defining the immune cell types and molecules that are mobilized in response to helminth infection. Finally, we more broadly consider how these immunological players are blended and regulated in order to accommodate persistent infection or to mount a vigorous protective response and achieve sterile immunity.</p></abs></fm></article></istex:document></istex:metadataXml><mods version="3.6"><titleInfo lang="eng"><title>Diversity and dialogue in immunity to helminths</title></titleInfo><titleInfo type="alternative" lang="eng" contentType="CDATA"><title>Diversity and dialogue in immunity to helminths</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Judith E.</namePart><namePart type="family">Allen</namePart><affiliation>Institute for Immunology and Infection Research, Ashworth Laboratories, West Mains Road, University of Edinburgh, UK.</affiliation><affiliation>Both authors contributed equally to this work.</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role><description>Judith E. Allen received her Ph.D. from the University of California, Berkeley, USA, and is currently Professor of Immunobiology at the University of Edinburgh, UK. Her laboratory uses helminth, allergy and wound repair models to understand the 'type 2' immune response in both evolutionary and practical terms with a particular interest in macrophage biology.</description></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Rick M.</namePart><namePart type="family">Maizels</namePart><affiliation>Institute for Immunology and Infection Research, Ashworth Laboratories, West Mains Road, University of Edinburgh, UK.</affiliation><affiliation>Both authors contributed equally to this work.</affiliation><affiliation>E-mail: r.maizels@ed.ac.uk</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role><description>Rick M. Maizels received his Ph.D. in immunology at the Medical Research Council National Institute for Medical Research (NIMR), Mill Hill, London, UK, and after postdoctoral research at the California Institute of Technology, University of California, Los Angeles, USA, and again at NIMR, moved to Imperial College London, UK, in 1983, where he was appointed Professor of Parasite Immunology in 1993. He took the Chair of Zoology at the University of Edinburgh in 1995. His laboratory combines cellular immunology studies on parasite infections with molecular studies of parasite-based immunosuppression in systems such as airway allergy.</description></name><typeOfResource>text</typeOfResource><genre type="review-article" displayLabel="Review (rv)" authority="ISTEX" authorityURI="https://content-type.data.istex.fr" valueURI="https://content-type.data.istex.fr/ark:/67375/XTP-L5L7X3NF-P">review-article</genre><originInfo><publisher>Nature Publishing Group, a division of Macmillan Publishers Limited. All Rights Reserved.</publisher><dateIssued encoding="w3cdtf">2011-06</dateIssued><dateCreated encoding="w3cdtf">2011-05-25</dateCreated><copyrightDate encoding="w3cdtf">2011</copyrightDate></originInfo><language><languageTerm type="code" authority="iso639-2b">eng</languageTerm><languageTerm type="code" authority="rfc3066">en</languageTerm></language><physicalDescription><internetMediaType>text/html</internetMediaType></physicalDescription><abstract lang="eng">The vertebrate immune system has evolved in concert with a broad range of infectious agents, including ubiquitous helminth (worm) parasites. The constant pressure of helminth infections has been a powerful force in shaping not only how immunity is initiated and maintained, but also how the body self-regulates and controls untoward immune responses to minimize overall harm. In this Review, we discuss recent advances in defining the immune cell types and molecules that are mobilized in response to helminth infection. Finally, we more broadly consider how these immunological players are blended and regulated in order to accommodate persistent infection or to mount a vigorous protective response and achieve sterile immunity.</abstract><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Nature Reviews Immunology</title></titleInfo><genre type="journal" authority="ISTEX" authorityURI="https://publication-type.data.istex.fr" valueURI="https://publication-type.data.istex.fr/ark:/67375/JMC-0GLKJH51-B">journal</genre><subject displayLabel="247"><genre>category</genre><topic>247</topic></subject><subject displayLabel="254"><genre>category</genre><topic>254</topic></subject><identifier type="ISSN">1474-1733</identifier><identifier type="eISSN">1474-1741</identifier><part><date>2011</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>11</number></detail><detail type="issue"><caption>no.</caption><number>6</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>375</start><end>388</end><total>14</total></extent></part></relatedItem><identifier type="istex">05917678AE415849C1BA2DDF7F6E8019BEB90474</identifier><identifier type="ark">ark:/67375/GT4-WQ5PXFJ2-C</identifier><identifier type="DOI">10.1038/nri2992</identifier><identifier type="ArticleID">nri2992</identifier><accessCondition type="use and reproduction" contentType="copyright">©2011 Nature Publishing Group, a division of Macmillan Publishers Limited. 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