Assessing the potential impact of transmission during prolonged viral shedding on the effect of lockdown relaxation on COVID-19.
Identifieur interne : 000629 ( Main/Exploration ); précédent : 000628; suivant : 000630Assessing the potential impact of transmission during prolonged viral shedding on the effect of lockdown relaxation on COVID-19.
Auteurs : Burcu Tepekule [Suisse] ; Anthony Hauser [Suisse] ; Viacheslav N. Kachalov [Suisse] ; Sara Andresen [Suisse] ; Thomas Scheier [Suisse] ; Peter W. Schreiber [Suisse] ; Huldrych F. Günthard [Suisse] ; Roger D. Kouyos [Suisse]Source :
- PLoS computational biology [ 1553-7358 ] ; 2021.
Abstract
A key parameter in epidemiological modeling which characterizes the spread of an infectious disease is the generation time, or more generally the distribution of infectiousness as a function of time since infection. There is increasing evidence supporting a prolonged viral shedding window for COVID-19, but the transmissibility in this phase is unclear. Based on this, we develop a generalized Susceptible-Exposed-Infected-Resistant (SEIR) model including an additional compartment of chronically infected individuals who can stay infectious for a longer duration than the reported generation time, but with infectivity reduced to varying degrees. Using the incidence and fatality data from different countries, we first show that such an assumption also yields a plausible model in explaining the data observed prior to the easing of the lockdown measures (relaxation). We then test the predictive power of this model for different durations and levels of prolonged infectiousness using the incidence data after the introduction of relaxation in Switzerland, and compare it with a model without the chronically infected population to represent the models conventionally used. We show that in case of a gradual easing on the lockdown measures, the predictions of the model including the chronically infected population vary considerably from those obtained under a model in which prolonged infectiousness is not taken into account. Although the existence of a chronically infected population still remains largely hypothetical, we believe that our results provide tentative evidence to consider a chronically infected population as an alternative modeling approach to better interpret the transmission dynamics of COVID-19.
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1008609
PubMed: 33513139
Affiliations:
Links toward previous steps (curation, corpus...)
Le document en format XML
<record><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">Assessing the potential impact of transmission during prolonged viral shedding on the effect of lockdown relaxation on COVID-19.</title><author><name sortKey="Tepekule, Burcu" sort="Tepekule, Burcu" uniqKey="Tepekule B" first="Burcu" last="Tepekule">Burcu Tepekule</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>Division of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Switzerland.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Suisse</country><wicri:regionArea>Division of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Zurich</settlement><region nuts="3" type="region">Canton de Zurich</region></placeName><orgName type="university">Université de Zurich</orgName></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>Institute of Medical Virology, University of Zurich, Switzerland.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Suisse</country><wicri:regionArea>Institute of Medical Virology, University of Zurich</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Zurich</settlement><region nuts="3" type="region">Canton de Zurich</region></placeName><orgName type="university">Université de Zurich</orgName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hauser, Anthony" sort="Hauser, Anthony" uniqKey="Hauser A" first="Anthony" last="Hauser">Anthony Hauser</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Suisse</country><wicri:regionArea>Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Bern, Bern</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Berne</settlement><region type="région" nuts="3">Canton de Berne</region></placeName><orgName type="university">Université de Berne</orgName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kachalov, Viacheslav N" sort="Kachalov, Viacheslav N" uniqKey="Kachalov V" first="Viacheslav N" last="Kachalov">Viacheslav N. Kachalov</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>Division of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Switzerland.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Suisse</country><wicri:regionArea>Division of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Zurich</settlement><region nuts="3" type="region">Canton de Zurich</region></placeName><orgName type="university">Université de Zurich</orgName></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>Institute of Medical Virology, University of Zurich, Switzerland.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Suisse</country><wicri:regionArea>Institute of Medical Virology, University of Zurich</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Zurich</settlement><region nuts="3" type="region">Canton de Zurich</region></placeName><orgName type="university">Université de Zurich</orgName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Andresen, Sara" sort="Andresen, Sara" uniqKey="Andresen S" first="Sara" last="Andresen">Sara Andresen</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>Division of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Switzerland.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Suisse</country><wicri:regionArea>Division of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Zurich</settlement><region nuts="3" type="region">Canton de Zurich</region></placeName><orgName type="university">Université de Zurich</orgName></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>Institute of Medical Virology, University of Zurich, Switzerland.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Suisse</country><wicri:regionArea>Institute of Medical Virology, University of Zurich</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Zurich</settlement><region nuts="3" type="region">Canton de Zurich</region></placeName><orgName type="university">Université de Zurich</orgName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Scheier, Thomas" sort="Scheier, Thomas" uniqKey="Scheier T" first="Thomas" last="Scheier">Thomas Scheier</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>Division of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Hygene, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Switzerland.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Suisse</country><wicri:regionArea>Division of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Hygene, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Zurich</settlement><region nuts="3" type="region">Canton de Zurich</region></placeName><orgName type="university">Université de Zurich</orgName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Schreiber, Peter W" sort="Schreiber, Peter W" uniqKey="Schreiber P" first="Peter W" last="Schreiber">Peter W. Schreiber</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>Division of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Switzerland.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Suisse</country><wicri:regionArea>Division of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Zurich</settlement><region nuts="3" type="region">Canton de Zurich</region></placeName><orgName type="university">Université de Zurich</orgName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gunthard, Huldrych F" sort="Gunthard, Huldrych F" uniqKey="Gunthard H" first="Huldrych F" last="Günthard">Huldrych F. Günthard</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>Division of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Switzerland.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Suisse</country><wicri:regionArea>Division of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Zurich</settlement><region nuts="3" type="region">Canton de Zurich</region></placeName><orgName type="university">Université de Zurich</orgName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kouyos, Roger D" sort="Kouyos, Roger D" uniqKey="Kouyos R" first="Roger D" last="Kouyos">Roger D. Kouyos</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>Division of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Switzerland.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Suisse</country><wicri:regionArea>Division of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Zurich</settlement><region nuts="3" type="region">Canton de Zurich</region></placeName><orgName type="university">Université de Zurich</orgName></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>Institute of Medical Virology, University of Zurich, Switzerland.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Suisse</country><wicri:regionArea>Institute of Medical Virology, University of Zurich</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Zurich</settlement><region nuts="3" type="region">Canton de Zurich</region></placeName><orgName type="university">Université de Zurich</orgName></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PubMed</idno><date when="2021">2021</date><idno type="RBID">pubmed:33513139</idno><idno type="pmid">33513139</idno><idno type="doi">10.1371/journal.pcbi.1008609</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Corpus">000011</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Main" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PubMed">000011</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Curation">000011</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Main" wicri:step="Curation">000011</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Exploration">000011</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en">Assessing the potential impact of transmission during prolonged viral shedding on the effect of lockdown relaxation on COVID-19.</title><author><name sortKey="Tepekule, Burcu" sort="Tepekule, Burcu" uniqKey="Tepekule B" first="Burcu" last="Tepekule">Burcu Tepekule</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>Division of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Switzerland.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Suisse</country><wicri:regionArea>Division of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Zurich</settlement><region nuts="3" type="region">Canton de Zurich</region></placeName><orgName type="university">Université de Zurich</orgName></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>Institute of Medical Virology, University of Zurich, Switzerland.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Suisse</country><wicri:regionArea>Institute of Medical Virology, University of Zurich</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Zurich</settlement><region nuts="3" type="region">Canton de Zurich</region></placeName><orgName type="university">Université de Zurich</orgName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hauser, Anthony" sort="Hauser, Anthony" uniqKey="Hauser A" first="Anthony" last="Hauser">Anthony Hauser</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Suisse</country><wicri:regionArea>Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Bern, Bern</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Berne</settlement><region type="région" nuts="3">Canton de Berne</region></placeName><orgName type="university">Université de Berne</orgName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kachalov, Viacheslav N" sort="Kachalov, Viacheslav N" uniqKey="Kachalov V" first="Viacheslav N" last="Kachalov">Viacheslav N. Kachalov</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>Division of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Switzerland.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Suisse</country><wicri:regionArea>Division of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Zurich</settlement><region nuts="3" type="region">Canton de Zurich</region></placeName><orgName type="university">Université de Zurich</orgName></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>Institute of Medical Virology, University of Zurich, Switzerland.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Suisse</country><wicri:regionArea>Institute of Medical Virology, University of Zurich</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Zurich</settlement><region nuts="3" type="region">Canton de Zurich</region></placeName><orgName type="university">Université de Zurich</orgName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Andresen, Sara" sort="Andresen, Sara" uniqKey="Andresen S" first="Sara" last="Andresen">Sara Andresen</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>Division of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Switzerland.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Suisse</country><wicri:regionArea>Division of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Zurich</settlement><region nuts="3" type="region">Canton de Zurich</region></placeName><orgName type="university">Université de Zurich</orgName></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>Institute of Medical Virology, University of Zurich, Switzerland.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Suisse</country><wicri:regionArea>Institute of Medical Virology, University of Zurich</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Zurich</settlement><region nuts="3" type="region">Canton de Zurich</region></placeName><orgName type="university">Université de Zurich</orgName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Scheier, Thomas" sort="Scheier, Thomas" uniqKey="Scheier T" first="Thomas" last="Scheier">Thomas Scheier</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>Division of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Hygene, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Switzerland.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Suisse</country><wicri:regionArea>Division of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Hygene, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Zurich</settlement><region nuts="3" type="region">Canton de Zurich</region></placeName><orgName type="university">Université de Zurich</orgName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Schreiber, Peter W" sort="Schreiber, Peter W" uniqKey="Schreiber P" first="Peter W" last="Schreiber">Peter W. Schreiber</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>Division of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Switzerland.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Suisse</country><wicri:regionArea>Division of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Zurich</settlement><region nuts="3" type="region">Canton de Zurich</region></placeName><orgName type="university">Université de Zurich</orgName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gunthard, Huldrych F" sort="Gunthard, Huldrych F" uniqKey="Gunthard H" first="Huldrych F" last="Günthard">Huldrych F. Günthard</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>Division of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Switzerland.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Suisse</country><wicri:regionArea>Division of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Zurich</settlement><region nuts="3" type="region">Canton de Zurich</region></placeName><orgName type="university">Université de Zurich</orgName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kouyos, Roger D" sort="Kouyos, Roger D" uniqKey="Kouyos R" first="Roger D" last="Kouyos">Roger D. Kouyos</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>Division of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Switzerland.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Suisse</country><wicri:regionArea>Division of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Zurich</settlement><region nuts="3" type="region">Canton de Zurich</region></placeName><orgName type="university">Université de Zurich</orgName></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>Institute of Medical Virology, University of Zurich, Switzerland.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Suisse</country><wicri:regionArea>Institute of Medical Virology, University of Zurich</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Zurich</settlement><region nuts="3" type="region">Canton de Zurich</region></placeName><orgName type="university">Université de Zurich</orgName></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">PLoS computational biology</title><idno type="eISSN">1553-7358</idno><imprint><date when="2021" type="published">2021</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">A key parameter in epidemiological modeling which characterizes the spread of an infectious disease is the generation time, or more generally the distribution of infectiousness as a function of time since infection. There is increasing evidence supporting a prolonged viral shedding window for COVID-19, but the transmissibility in this phase is unclear. Based on this, we develop a generalized Susceptible-Exposed-Infected-Resistant (SEIR) model including an additional compartment of chronically infected individuals who can stay infectious for a longer duration than the reported generation time, but with infectivity reduced to varying degrees. Using the incidence and fatality data from different countries, we first show that such an assumption also yields a plausible model in explaining the data observed prior to the easing of the lockdown measures (relaxation). We then test the predictive power of this model for different durations and levels of prolonged infectiousness using the incidence data after the introduction of relaxation in Switzerland, and compare it with a model without the chronically infected population to represent the models conventionally used. We show that in case of a gradual easing on the lockdown measures, the predictions of the model including the chronically infected population vary considerably from those obtained under a model in which prolonged infectiousness is not taken into account. Although the existence of a chronically infected population still remains largely hypothetical, we believe that our results provide tentative evidence to consider a chronically infected population as an alternative modeling approach to better interpret the transmission dynamics of COVID-19.</div></front></TEI><pubmed><MedlineCitation Status="Publisher" Owner="NLM"><PMID Version="1">33513139</PMID><DateRevised><Year>2021</Year><Month>01</Month><Day>29</Day></DateRevised><Article PubModel="Print-Electronic"><Journal><ISSN IssnType="Electronic">1553-7358</ISSN><JournalIssue CitedMedium="Internet"><Volume>17</Volume><Issue>1</Issue><PubDate><Year>2021</Year><Month>Jan</Month><Day>29</Day></PubDate></JournalIssue><Title>PLoS computational biology</Title><ISOAbbreviation>PLoS Comput Biol</ISOAbbreviation></Journal><ArticleTitle>Assessing the potential impact of transmission during prolonged viral shedding on the effect of lockdown relaxation on COVID-19.</ArticleTitle><Pagination><MedlinePgn>e1008609</MedlinePgn></Pagination><ELocationID EIdType="doi" ValidYN="Y">10.1371/journal.pcbi.1008609</ELocationID><Abstract><AbstractText>A key parameter in epidemiological modeling which characterizes the spread of an infectious disease is the generation time, or more generally the distribution of infectiousness as a function of time since infection. There is increasing evidence supporting a prolonged viral shedding window for COVID-19, but the transmissibility in this phase is unclear. Based on this, we develop a generalized Susceptible-Exposed-Infected-Resistant (SEIR) model including an additional compartment of chronically infected individuals who can stay infectious for a longer duration than the reported generation time, but with infectivity reduced to varying degrees. Using the incidence and fatality data from different countries, we first show that such an assumption also yields a plausible model in explaining the data observed prior to the easing of the lockdown measures (relaxation). We then test the predictive power of this model for different durations and levels of prolonged infectiousness using the incidence data after the introduction of relaxation in Switzerland, and compare it with a model without the chronically infected population to represent the models conventionally used. We show that in case of a gradual easing on the lockdown measures, the predictions of the model including the chronically infected population vary considerably from those obtained under a model in which prolonged infectiousness is not taken into account. Although the existence of a chronically infected population still remains largely hypothetical, we believe that our results provide tentative evidence to consider a chronically infected population as an alternative modeling approach to better interpret the transmission dynamics of COVID-19.</AbstractText></Abstract><AuthorList CompleteYN="Y"><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Tepekule</LastName><ForeName>Burcu</ForeName><Initials>B</Initials><Identifier Source="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6936-9138</Identifier><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Division of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Switzerland.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Institute of Medical Virology, University of Zurich, Switzerland.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Hauser</LastName><ForeName>Anthony</ForeName><Initials>A</Initials><Identifier Source="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7221-1929</Identifier><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Kachalov</LastName><ForeName>Viacheslav N</ForeName><Initials>VN</Initials><Identifier Source="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0310-3764</Identifier><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Division of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Switzerland.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Institute of Medical Virology, University of Zurich, Switzerland.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Andresen</LastName><ForeName>Sara</ForeName><Initials>S</Initials><Identifier Source="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7630-2617</Identifier><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Division of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Switzerland.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Institute of Medical Virology, University of Zurich, Switzerland.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Scheier</LastName><ForeName>Thomas</ForeName><Initials>T</Initials><Identifier Source="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7805-1025</Identifier><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Division of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Hygene, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Switzerland.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Schreiber</LastName><ForeName>Peter W</ForeName><Initials>PW</Initials><Identifier Source="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8123-2601</Identifier><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Division of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Switzerland.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Günthard</LastName><ForeName>Huldrych F</ForeName><Initials>HF</Initials><Identifier Source="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1142-6723</Identifier><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Division of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Switzerland.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Kouyos</LastName><ForeName>Roger D</ForeName><Initials>RD</Initials><Identifier Source="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9220-8348</Identifier><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Division of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Switzerland.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Institute of Medical Virology, University of Zurich, Switzerland.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author></AuthorList><Language>eng</Language><PublicationTypeList><PublicationType UI="D016428">Journal Article</PublicationType></PublicationTypeList><ArticleDate DateType="Electronic"><Year>2021</Year><Month>01</Month><Day>29</Day></ArticleDate></Article><MedlineJournalInfo><Country>United States</Country><MedlineTA>PLoS Comput Biol</MedlineTA><NlmUniqueID>101238922</NlmUniqueID><ISSNLinking>1553-734X</ISSNLinking></MedlineJournalInfo><CitationSubset>IM</CitationSubset><CoiStatement>The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.</CoiStatement></MedlineCitation><PubmedData><History><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="received"><Year>2020</Year><Month>06</Month><Day>15</Day></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="accepted"><Year>2020</Year><Month>12</Month><Day>07</Day></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="entrez"><Year>2021</Year><Month>1</Month><Day>29</Day><Hour>17</Hour><Minute>8</Minute></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="pubmed"><Year>2021</Year><Month>1</Month><Day>30</Day><Hour>6</Hour><Minute>0</Minute></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="medline"><Year>2021</Year><Month>1</Month><Day>30</Day><Hour>6</Hour><Minute>0</Minute></PubMedPubDate></History><PublicationStatus>aheadofprint</PublicationStatus><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">33513139</ArticleId><ArticleId IdType="doi">10.1371/journal.pcbi.1008609</ArticleId><ArticleId IdType="pii">PCOMPBIOL-D-20-01034</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></PubmedData></pubmed><affiliations><list><country><li>Suisse</li></country><region><li>Canton de Berne</li><li>Canton de Zurich</li></region><settlement><li>Berne</li><li>Zurich</li></settlement><orgName><li>Université de Berne</li><li>Université de Zurich</li></orgName></list><tree><country name="Suisse"><region name="Canton de Zurich"><name sortKey="Tepekule, Burcu" sort="Tepekule, Burcu" uniqKey="Tepekule B" first="Burcu" last="Tepekule">Burcu Tepekule</name></region><name sortKey="Andresen, Sara" sort="Andresen, Sara" uniqKey="Andresen S" first="Sara" last="Andresen">Sara Andresen</name><name sortKey="Andresen, Sara" sort="Andresen, Sara" uniqKey="Andresen S" first="Sara" last="Andresen">Sara Andresen</name><name sortKey="Gunthard, Huldrych F" sort="Gunthard, Huldrych F" uniqKey="Gunthard H" first="Huldrych F" last="Günthard">Huldrych F. Günthard</name><name sortKey="Hauser, Anthony" sort="Hauser, Anthony" uniqKey="Hauser A" first="Anthony" last="Hauser">Anthony Hauser</name><name sortKey="Kachalov, Viacheslav N" sort="Kachalov, Viacheslav N" uniqKey="Kachalov V" first="Viacheslav N" last="Kachalov">Viacheslav N. Kachalov</name><name sortKey="Kachalov, Viacheslav N" sort="Kachalov, Viacheslav N" uniqKey="Kachalov V" first="Viacheslav N" last="Kachalov">Viacheslav N. Kachalov</name><name sortKey="Kouyos, Roger D" sort="Kouyos, Roger D" uniqKey="Kouyos R" first="Roger D" last="Kouyos">Roger D. Kouyos</name><name sortKey="Kouyos, Roger D" sort="Kouyos, Roger D" uniqKey="Kouyos R" first="Roger D" last="Kouyos">Roger D. Kouyos</name><name sortKey="Scheier, Thomas" sort="Scheier, Thomas" uniqKey="Scheier T" first="Thomas" last="Scheier">Thomas Scheier</name><name sortKey="Schreiber, Peter W" sort="Schreiber, Peter W" uniqKey="Schreiber P" first="Peter W" last="Schreiber">Peter W. Schreiber</name><name sortKey="Tepekule, Burcu" sort="Tepekule, Burcu" uniqKey="Tepekule B" first="Burcu" last="Tepekule">Burcu Tepekule</name></country></tree></affiliations></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
EXPLOR_STEP=$WICRI_ROOT/Sante/explor/LockdownV1/Data/Main/Exploration
HfdSelect -h $EXPLOR_STEP/biblio.hfd -nk 000629 | SxmlIndent | more
Ou
HfdSelect -h $EXPLOR_AREA/Data/Main/Exploration/biblio.hfd -nk 000629 | SxmlIndent | more
Pour mettre un lien sur cette page dans le réseau Wicri
{{Explor lien
|wiki= Sante
|area= LockdownV1
|flux= Main
|étape= Exploration
|type= RBID
|clé= pubmed:33513139
|texte= Assessing the potential impact of transmission during prolonged viral shedding on the effect of lockdown relaxation on COVID-19.
}}
Pour générer des pages wiki
HfdIndexSelect -h $EXPLOR_AREA/Data/Main/Exploration/RBID.i -Sk "pubmed:33513139" \
| HfdSelect -Kh $EXPLOR_AREA/Data/Main/Exploration/biblio.hfd \
| NlmPubMed2Wicri -a LockdownV1
| This area was generated with Dilib version V0.6.38. |  |