Effect of lockdown amid COVID-19 pandemic on air quality of the megacity Delhi, India.
Identifieur interne : 002747 ( Main/Corpus ); précédent : 002746; suivant : 002748Effect of lockdown amid COVID-19 pandemic on air quality of the megacity Delhi, India.
Auteurs : Susanta Mahato ; Swades Pal ; Krishna Gopal GhoshSource :
- The Science of the total environment [ 1879-1026 ] ; 2020.
English descriptors
- KwdEn :
- MESH :
- chemical : Air Pollutants, Particulate Matter.
- geographic : Cities, India.
- Air Pollution, Betacoronavirus, COVID-19, Coronavirus Infections, Environmental Monitoring, Humans, Pandemics, Pneumonia, Viral, SARS-CoV-2.
Abstract
Amid the COVID-19 pandemic, a nationwide lockdown is imposed in India initially for three weeks from 24th March to 14th April 2020 and extended up to 3rd May 2020. Due to the forced restrictions, pollution level in cities across the country drastically slowed down just within few days which magnetize discussions regarding lockdown to be the effectual alternative measures to be implemented for controlling air pollution. The present article eventually worked on this direction to look upon the air quality scenario amidst the lockdown period scientifically with special reference to the megacity Delhi. With the aid of air quality data of seven pollutant parameters (PM10, PM2.5, SO2, NO2, CO, O3 and NH3) for 34 monitoring stations spread over the megacity we have employed National Air Quality Index (NAQI) to show the spatial pattern of air quality in pre and during-lockdown phases. The results demonstrated that during lockdown air quality is significantly improved. Among the selected pollutants, concentrations of PM10 and PM2.5 have witnessed maximum reduction (>50%) in compare to the pre-lockdown phase. In compare to the last year (i.e. 2019) during the said time period the reduction of PM10 and PM2.5 is as high as about 60% and 39% respectively. Among other pollutants, NO2 (-52.68%) and CO (-30.35%) level have also reduced during-lockdown phase. About 40% to 50% improvement in air quality is identified just after four days of commencing lockdown. About 54%, 49%, 43%, 37% and 31% reduction in NAQI have been observed in Central, Eastern, Southern, Western and Northern parts of the megacity. Overall, the study is thought to be a useful supplement to the regulatory bodies since it showed the pollution source control can attenuate the air quality. Temporary such source control in a suitable time interval may heal the environment.
DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139086
PubMed: 32375105
PubMed Central: PMC7189867
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pubmed:32375105Le document en format XML
<record><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">Effect of lockdown amid COVID-19 pandemic on air quality of the megacity Delhi, India.</title><author><name sortKey="Mahato, Susanta" sort="Mahato, Susanta" uniqKey="Mahato S" first="Susanta" last="Mahato">Susanta Mahato</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Geography, University of Gour Banga, West Bengal, India; Department of Geography, Presidency University, West Bengal, India. Electronic address: mahatosusanta2011@gmail.com.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Pal, Swades" sort="Pal, Swades" uniqKey="Pal S" first="Swades" last="Pal">Swades Pal</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Geography, University of Gour Banga, West Bengal, India; Department of Geography, Presidency University, West Bengal, India. Electronic address: swadeshpal82@gmail.com.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ghosh, Krishna Gopal" sort="Ghosh, Krishna Gopal" uniqKey="Ghosh K" first="Krishna Gopal" last="Ghosh">Krishna Gopal Ghosh</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Geography, University of Gour Banga, West Bengal, India; Department of Geography, Presidency University, West Bengal, India. Electronic address: krishna.geog@presiuniv.ac.in.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PubMed</idno><date when="2020">2020</date><idno type="RBID">pubmed:32375105</idno><idno type="pmid">32375105</idno><idno type="doi">10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139086</idno><idno type="pmc">PMC7189867</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Corpus">002747</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Main" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PubMed">002747</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en">Effect of lockdown amid COVID-19 pandemic on air quality of the megacity Delhi, India.</title><author><name sortKey="Mahato, Susanta" sort="Mahato, Susanta" uniqKey="Mahato S" first="Susanta" last="Mahato">Susanta Mahato</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Geography, University of Gour Banga, West Bengal, India; Department of Geography, Presidency University, West Bengal, India. Electronic address: mahatosusanta2011@gmail.com.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Pal, Swades" sort="Pal, Swades" uniqKey="Pal S" first="Swades" last="Pal">Swades Pal</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Geography, University of Gour Banga, West Bengal, India; Department of Geography, Presidency University, West Bengal, India. Electronic address: swadeshpal82@gmail.com.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ghosh, Krishna Gopal" sort="Ghosh, Krishna Gopal" uniqKey="Ghosh K" first="Krishna Gopal" last="Ghosh">Krishna Gopal Ghosh</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Geography, University of Gour Banga, West Bengal, India; Department of Geography, Presidency University, West Bengal, India. Electronic address: krishna.geog@presiuniv.ac.in.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">The Science of the total environment</title><idno type="eISSN">1879-1026</idno><imprint><date when="2020" type="published">2020</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass><keywords scheme="KwdEn" xml:lang="en"><term>Air Pollutants (MeSH)</term><term>Air Pollution (MeSH)</term><term>Betacoronavirus (MeSH)</term><term>COVID-19 (MeSH)</term><term>Cities (MeSH)</term><term>Coronavirus Infections (MeSH)</term><term>Environmental Monitoring (MeSH)</term><term>Humans (MeSH)</term><term>India (MeSH)</term><term>Pandemics (MeSH)</term><term>Particulate Matter (MeSH)</term><term>Pneumonia, Viral (MeSH)</term><term>SARS-CoV-2 (MeSH)</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" type="chemical" xml:lang="en"><term>Air Pollutants</term><term>Particulate Matter</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" type="geographic" xml:lang="en"><term>Cities</term><term>India</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="en"><term>Air Pollution</term><term>Betacoronavirus</term><term>COVID-19</term><term>Coronavirus Infections</term><term>Environmental Monitoring</term><term>Humans</term><term>Pandemics</term><term>Pneumonia, Viral</term><term>SARS-CoV-2</term></keywords></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">Amid the COVID-19 pandemic, a nationwide lockdown is imposed in India initially for three weeks from 24th March to 14th April 2020 and extended up to 3rd May 2020. Due to the forced restrictions, pollution level in cities across the country drastically slowed down just within few days which magnetize discussions regarding lockdown to be the effectual alternative measures to be implemented for controlling air pollution. The present article eventually worked on this direction to look upon the air quality scenario amidst the lockdown period scientifically with special reference to the megacity Delhi. With the aid of air quality data of seven pollutant parameters (PM<sub>10</sub>, PM<sub>2.5</sub>, SO<sub>2</sub>, NO<sub>2</sub>, CO, O<sub>3</sub> and NH<sub>3</sub>) for 34 monitoring stations spread over the megacity we have employed National Air Quality Index (NAQI) to show the spatial pattern of air quality in pre and during-lockdown phases. The results demonstrated that during lockdown air quality is significantly improved. Among the selected pollutants, concentrations of PM<sub>10</sub> and PM<sub>2.5</sub> have witnessed maximum reduction (>50%) in compare to the pre-lockdown phase. In compare to the last year (i.e. 2019) during the said time period the reduction of PM<sub>10</sub> and PM<sub>2.5</sub> is as high as about 60% and 39% respectively. Among other pollutants, NO<sub>2</sub> (-52.68%) and CO (-30.35%) level have also reduced during-lockdown phase. About 40% to 50% improvement in air quality is identified just after four days of commencing lockdown. About 54%, 49%, 43%, 37% and 31% reduction in NAQI have been observed in Central, Eastern, Southern, Western and Northern parts of the megacity. Overall, the study is thought to be a useful supplement to the regulatory bodies since it showed the pollution source control can attenuate the air quality. Temporary such source control in a suitable time interval may heal the environment.</div></front></TEI><pubmed><MedlineCitation Status="MEDLINE" IndexingMethod="Curated" Owner="NLM"><PMID Version="1">32375105</PMID><DateCompleted><Year>2020</Year><Month>06</Month><Day>03</Day></DateCompleted><DateRevised><Year>2020</Year><Month>12</Month><Day>18</Day></DateRevised><Article PubModel="Print-Electronic"><Journal><ISSN IssnType="Electronic">1879-1026</ISSN><JournalIssue CitedMedium="Internet"><Volume>730</Volume><PubDate><Year>2020</Year><Month>Aug</Month><Day>15</Day></PubDate></JournalIssue><Title>The Science of the total environment</Title><ISOAbbreviation>Sci Total Environ</ISOAbbreviation></Journal><ArticleTitle>Effect of lockdown amid COVID-19 pandemic on air quality of the megacity Delhi, India.</ArticleTitle><Pagination><MedlinePgn>139086</MedlinePgn></Pagination><ELocationID EIdType="pii" ValidYN="Y">S0048-9697(20)32603-6</ELocationID><ELocationID EIdType="doi" ValidYN="Y">10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139086</ELocationID><Abstract><AbstractText>Amid the COVID-19 pandemic, a nationwide lockdown is imposed in India initially for three weeks from 24th March to 14th April 2020 and extended up to 3rd May 2020. Due to the forced restrictions, pollution level in cities across the country drastically slowed down just within few days which magnetize discussions regarding lockdown to be the effectual alternative measures to be implemented for controlling air pollution. The present article eventually worked on this direction to look upon the air quality scenario amidst the lockdown period scientifically with special reference to the megacity Delhi. With the aid of air quality data of seven pollutant parameters (PM<sub>10</sub>, PM<sub>2.5</sub>, SO<sub>2</sub>, NO<sub>2</sub>, CO, O<sub>3</sub> and NH<sub>3</sub>) for 34 monitoring stations spread over the megacity we have employed National Air Quality Index (NAQI) to show the spatial pattern of air quality in pre and during-lockdown phases. The results demonstrated that during lockdown air quality is significantly improved. Among the selected pollutants, concentrations of PM<sub>10</sub> and PM<sub>2.5</sub> have witnessed maximum reduction (>50%) in compare to the pre-lockdown phase. In compare to the last year (i.e. 2019) during the said time period the reduction of PM<sub>10</sub> and PM<sub>2.5</sub> is as high as about 60% and 39% respectively. Among other pollutants, NO<sub>2</sub> (-52.68%) and CO (-30.35%) level have also reduced during-lockdown phase. About 40% to 50% improvement in air quality is identified just after four days of commencing lockdown. About 54%, 49%, 43%, 37% and 31% reduction in NAQI have been observed in Central, Eastern, Southern, Western and Northern parts of the megacity. Overall, the study is thought to be a useful supplement to the regulatory bodies since it showed the pollution source control can attenuate the air quality. Temporary such source control in a suitable time interval may heal the environment.</AbstractText><CopyrightInformation>Copyright © 2020 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.</CopyrightInformation></Abstract><AuthorList CompleteYN="Y"><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Mahato</LastName><ForeName>Susanta</ForeName><Initials>S</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Geography, University of Gour Banga, West Bengal, India; Department of Geography, Presidency University, West Bengal, India. Electronic address: mahatosusanta2011@gmail.com.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Pal</LastName><ForeName>Swades</ForeName><Initials>S</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Geography, University of Gour Banga, West Bengal, India; Department of Geography, Presidency University, West Bengal, India. Electronic address: swadeshpal82@gmail.com.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Ghosh</LastName><ForeName>Krishna Gopal</ForeName><Initials>KG</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Geography, University of Gour Banga, West Bengal, India; Department of Geography, Presidency University, West Bengal, India. 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