Air quality changes during the COVID-19 lockdown over the Yangtze River Delta Region: An insight into the impact of human activity pattern changes on air pollution variation.
Identifieur interne : 002682 ( Main/Corpus ); précédent : 002681; suivant : 002683Air quality changes during the COVID-19 lockdown over the Yangtze River Delta Region: An insight into the impact of human activity pattern changes on air pollution variation.
Auteurs : Li Li ; Qing Li ; Ling Huang ; Qian Wang ; Ansheng Zhu ; Jian Xu ; Ziyi Liu ; Hongli Li ; Lishu Shi ; Rui Li ; Majid Azari ; Yangjun Wang ; Xiaojuan Zhang ; Zhiqiang Liu ; Yonghui Zhu ; Kun Zhang ; Shuhui Xue ; Maggie Chel Gee Ooi ; Dongping Zhang ; Andy ChanSource :
- The Science of the total environment [ 1879-1026 ] ; 2020.
English descriptors
- KwdEn :
- MESH :
- chemical : Air Pollutants, Particulate Matter.
- geographic : China.
- Air Pollution, Betacoronavirus, COVID-19, Coronavirus Infections, Environmental Monitoring, Human Activities, Humans, Pandemics, Pneumonia, Viral, SARS-CoV-2.
Abstract
The outbreak of COVID-19 has spreaded rapidly across the world. To control the rapid dispersion of the virus, China has imposed national lockdown policies to practise social distancing. This has led to reduced human activities and hence primary air pollutant emissions, which caused improvement of air quality as a side-product. To investigate the air quality changes during the COVID-19 lockdown over the YRD Region, we apply the WRF-CAMx modelling system together with monitoring data to investigate the impact of human activity pattern changes on air quality. Results show that human activities were lowered significantly during the period: industrial operations, VKT, constructions in operation, etc. were significantly reduced, leading to lowered SO2, NOx, PM2.5 and VOCs emissions by approximately 16-26%, 29-47%, 27-46% and 37-57% during the Level I and Level II response periods respectively. These emission reduction has played a significant role in the improvement of air quality. Concentrations of PM2.5, NO2 and SO2 decreased by 31.8%, 45.1% and 20.4% during the Level I period; and 33.2%, 27.2% and 7.6% during the Level II period compared with 2019. However, ozone did not show any reduction and increased greatly. Our results also show that even during the lockdown, with primary emissions reduction of 15%-61%, the daily average PM2.5 concentrations range between 15 and 79 μg m-3, which shows that background and residual pollutions are still high. Source apportionment results indicate that the residual pollution of PM2.5 comes from industry (32.2-61.1%), mobile (3.9-8.1%), dust (2.6-7.7%), residential sources (2.1-28.5%) in YRD and 14.0-28.6% contribution from long-range transport coming from northern China. This indicates that in spite of the extreme reductions in primary emissions, it cannot fully tackle the current air pollution. Re-organisation of the energy and industrial strategy together with trans-regional joint-control for a full long-term air pollution plan need to be further taken into account.
DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139282
PubMed: 32413621
PubMed Central: PMC7211667
Links to Exploration step
pubmed:32413621Le document en format XML
<record><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">Air quality changes during the COVID-19 lockdown over the Yangtze River Delta Region: An insight into the impact of human activity pattern changes on air pollution variation.</title><author><name sortKey="Li, Li" sort="Li, Li" uniqKey="Li L" first="Li" last="Li">Li Li</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China; Key Laboratory of Organic Compound Pollution Control Engineering (MOE), Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China. Electronic address: Lily@shu.edu.cn.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Li, Qing" sort="Li, Qing" uniqKey="Li Q" first="Qing" last="Li">Qing Li</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China; Key Laboratory of Organic Compound Pollution Control Engineering (MOE), Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Huang, Ling" sort="Huang, Ling" uniqKey="Huang L" first="Ling" last="Huang">Ling Huang</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China; Key Laboratory of Organic Compound Pollution Control Engineering (MOE), Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wang, Qian" sort="Wang, Qian" uniqKey="Wang Q" first="Qian" last="Wang">Qian Wang</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China; Key Laboratory of Organic Compound Pollution Control Engineering (MOE), Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Zhu, Ansheng" sort="Zhu, Ansheng" uniqKey="Zhu A" first="Ansheng" last="Zhu">Ansheng Zhu</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China; Key Laboratory of Organic Compound Pollution Control Engineering (MOE), Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Xu, Jian" sort="Xu, Jian" uniqKey="Xu J" first="Jian" last="Xu">Jian Xu</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China; Key Laboratory of Organic Compound Pollution Control Engineering (MOE), Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Liu, Ziyi" sort="Liu, Ziyi" uniqKey="Liu Z" first="Ziyi" last="Liu">Ziyi Liu</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China; Key Laboratory of Organic Compound Pollution Control Engineering (MOE), Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Li, Hongli" sort="Li, Hongli" uniqKey="Li H" first="Hongli" last="Li">Hongli Li</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China; Key Laboratory of Organic Compound Pollution Control Engineering (MOE), Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Shi, Lishu" sort="Shi, Lishu" uniqKey="Shi L" first="Lishu" last="Shi">Lishu Shi</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China; Key Laboratory of Organic Compound Pollution Control Engineering (MOE), Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Li, Rui" sort="Li, Rui" uniqKey="Li R" first="Rui" last="Li">Rui Li</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China; Key Laboratory of Organic Compound Pollution Control Engineering (MOE), Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Azari, Majid" sort="Azari, Majid" uniqKey="Azari M" first="Majid" last="Azari">Majid Azari</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Civil Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia, Semenyih 43500, Selangor, Malaysia.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wang, Yangjun" sort="Wang, Yangjun" uniqKey="Wang Y" first="Yangjun" last="Wang">Yangjun Wang</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China; Key Laboratory of Organic Compound Pollution Control Engineering (MOE), Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Zhang, Xiaojuan" sort="Zhang, Xiaojuan" uniqKey="Zhang X" first="Xiaojuan" last="Zhang">Xiaojuan Zhang</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China; Key Laboratory of Organic Compound Pollution Control Engineering (MOE), Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Liu, Zhiqiang" sort="Liu, Zhiqiang" uniqKey="Liu Z" first="Zhiqiang" last="Liu">Zhiqiang Liu</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China; Key Laboratory of Organic Compound Pollution Control Engineering (MOE), Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Zhu, Yonghui" sort="Zhu, Yonghui" uniqKey="Zhu Y" first="Yonghui" last="Zhu">Yonghui Zhu</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China; Key Laboratory of Organic Compound Pollution Control Engineering (MOE), Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Zhang, Kun" sort="Zhang, Kun" uniqKey="Zhang K" first="Kun" last="Zhang">Kun Zhang</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China; Key Laboratory of Organic Compound Pollution Control Engineering (MOE), Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Xue, Shuhui" sort="Xue, Shuhui" uniqKey="Xue S" first="Shuhui" last="Xue">Shuhui Xue</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China; Key Laboratory of Organic Compound Pollution Control Engineering (MOE), Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ooi, Maggie Chel Gee" sort="Ooi, Maggie Chel Gee" uniqKey="Ooi M" first="Maggie Chel Gee" last="Ooi">Maggie Chel Gee Ooi</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Civil Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia, Semenyih 43500, Selangor, Malaysia; Institute of Climate Change (IPI), National University of Malaysia (UKM), 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Zhang, Dongping" sort="Zhang, Dongping" uniqKey="Zhang D" first="Dongping" last="Zhang">Dongping Zhang</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China; Key Laboratory of Organic Compound Pollution Control Engineering (MOE), Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Chan, Andy" sort="Chan, Andy" uniqKey="Chan A" first="Andy" last="Chan">Andy Chan</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Civil Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia, Semenyih 43500, Selangor, Malaysia. Electronic address: Andy.Chan@nottingham.edu.my.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PubMed</idno><date when="2020">2020</date><idno type="RBID">pubmed:32413621</idno><idno type="pmid">32413621</idno><idno type="doi">10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139282</idno><idno type="pmc">PMC7211667</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Corpus">002682</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Main" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PubMed">002682</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en">Air quality changes during the COVID-19 lockdown over the Yangtze River Delta Region: An insight into the impact of human activity pattern changes on air pollution variation.</title><author><name sortKey="Li, Li" sort="Li, Li" uniqKey="Li L" first="Li" last="Li">Li Li</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China; Key Laboratory of Organic Compound Pollution Control Engineering (MOE), Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China. Electronic address: Lily@shu.edu.cn.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Li, Qing" sort="Li, Qing" uniqKey="Li Q" first="Qing" last="Li">Qing Li</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China; Key Laboratory of Organic Compound Pollution Control Engineering (MOE), Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Huang, Ling" sort="Huang, Ling" uniqKey="Huang L" first="Ling" last="Huang">Ling Huang</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China; Key Laboratory of Organic Compound Pollution Control Engineering (MOE), Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wang, Qian" sort="Wang, Qian" uniqKey="Wang Q" first="Qian" last="Wang">Qian Wang</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China; Key Laboratory of Organic Compound Pollution Control Engineering (MOE), Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Zhu, Ansheng" sort="Zhu, Ansheng" uniqKey="Zhu A" first="Ansheng" last="Zhu">Ansheng Zhu</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China; Key Laboratory of Organic Compound Pollution Control Engineering (MOE), Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Xu, Jian" sort="Xu, Jian" uniqKey="Xu J" first="Jian" last="Xu">Jian Xu</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China; Key Laboratory of Organic Compound Pollution Control Engineering (MOE), Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Liu, Ziyi" sort="Liu, Ziyi" uniqKey="Liu Z" first="Ziyi" last="Liu">Ziyi Liu</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China; Key Laboratory of Organic Compound Pollution Control Engineering (MOE), Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Li, Hongli" sort="Li, Hongli" uniqKey="Li H" first="Hongli" last="Li">Hongli Li</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China; Key Laboratory of Organic Compound Pollution Control Engineering (MOE), Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Shi, Lishu" sort="Shi, Lishu" uniqKey="Shi L" first="Lishu" last="Shi">Lishu Shi</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China; Key Laboratory of Organic Compound Pollution Control Engineering (MOE), Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Li, Rui" sort="Li, Rui" uniqKey="Li R" first="Rui" last="Li">Rui Li</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China; Key Laboratory of Organic Compound Pollution Control Engineering (MOE), Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Azari, Majid" sort="Azari, Majid" uniqKey="Azari M" first="Majid" last="Azari">Majid Azari</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Civil Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia, Semenyih 43500, Selangor, Malaysia.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wang, Yangjun" sort="Wang, Yangjun" uniqKey="Wang Y" first="Yangjun" last="Wang">Yangjun Wang</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China; Key Laboratory of Organic Compound Pollution Control Engineering (MOE), Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Zhang, Xiaojuan" sort="Zhang, Xiaojuan" uniqKey="Zhang X" first="Xiaojuan" last="Zhang">Xiaojuan Zhang</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China; Key Laboratory of Organic Compound Pollution Control Engineering (MOE), Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Liu, Zhiqiang" sort="Liu, Zhiqiang" uniqKey="Liu Z" first="Zhiqiang" last="Liu">Zhiqiang Liu</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China; Key Laboratory of Organic Compound Pollution Control Engineering (MOE), Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Zhu, Yonghui" sort="Zhu, Yonghui" uniqKey="Zhu Y" first="Yonghui" last="Zhu">Yonghui Zhu</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China; Key Laboratory of Organic Compound Pollution Control Engineering (MOE), Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Zhang, Kun" sort="Zhang, Kun" uniqKey="Zhang K" first="Kun" last="Zhang">Kun Zhang</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China; Key Laboratory of Organic Compound Pollution Control Engineering (MOE), Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Xue, Shuhui" sort="Xue, Shuhui" uniqKey="Xue S" first="Shuhui" last="Xue">Shuhui Xue</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China; Key Laboratory of Organic Compound Pollution Control Engineering (MOE), Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ooi, Maggie Chel Gee" sort="Ooi, Maggie Chel Gee" uniqKey="Ooi M" first="Maggie Chel Gee" last="Ooi">Maggie Chel Gee Ooi</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Civil Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia, Semenyih 43500, Selangor, Malaysia; Institute of Climate Change (IPI), National University of Malaysia (UKM), 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Zhang, Dongping" sort="Zhang, Dongping" uniqKey="Zhang D" first="Dongping" last="Zhang">Dongping Zhang</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China; Key Laboratory of Organic Compound Pollution Control Engineering (MOE), Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Chan, Andy" sort="Chan, Andy" uniqKey="Chan A" first="Andy" last="Chan">Andy Chan</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Civil Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia, Semenyih 43500, Selangor, Malaysia. Electronic address: Andy.Chan@nottingham.edu.my.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">The Science of the total environment</title><idno type="eISSN">1879-1026</idno><imprint><date when="2020" type="published">2020</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass><keywords scheme="KwdEn" xml:lang="en"><term>Air Pollutants (MeSH)</term><term>Air Pollution (MeSH)</term><term>Betacoronavirus (MeSH)</term><term>COVID-19 (MeSH)</term><term>China (MeSH)</term><term>Coronavirus Infections (MeSH)</term><term>Environmental Monitoring (MeSH)</term><term>Human Activities (MeSH)</term><term>Humans (MeSH)</term><term>Pandemics (MeSH)</term><term>Particulate Matter (MeSH)</term><term>Pneumonia, Viral (MeSH)</term><term>SARS-CoV-2 (MeSH)</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" type="chemical" xml:lang="en"><term>Air Pollutants</term><term>Particulate Matter</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" type="geographic" xml:lang="en"><term>China</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="en"><term>Air Pollution</term><term>Betacoronavirus</term><term>COVID-19</term><term>Coronavirus Infections</term><term>Environmental Monitoring</term><term>Human Activities</term><term>Humans</term><term>Pandemics</term><term>Pneumonia, Viral</term><term>SARS-CoV-2</term></keywords></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">The outbreak of COVID-19 has spreaded rapidly across the world. To control the rapid dispersion of the virus, China has imposed national lockdown policies to practise social distancing. This has led to reduced human activities and hence primary air pollutant emissions, which caused improvement of air quality as a side-product. To investigate the air quality changes during the COVID-19 lockdown over the YRD Region, we apply the WRF-CAMx modelling system together with monitoring data to investigate the impact of human activity pattern changes on air quality. Results show that human activities were lowered significantly during the period: industrial operations, VKT, constructions in operation, etc. were significantly reduced, leading to lowered SO<sub>2</sub>, NO<sub>x</sub>, PM<sub>2.5</sub> and VOCs emissions by approximately 16-26%, 29-47%, 27-46% and 37-57% during the Level I and Level II response periods respectively. These emission reduction has played a significant role in the improvement of air quality. Concentrations of PM<sub>2.5</sub>, NO<sub>2</sub> and SO<sub>2</sub> decreased by 31.8%, 45.1% and 20.4% during the Level I period; and 33.2%, 27.2% and 7.6% during the Level II period compared with 2019. However, ozone did not show any reduction and increased greatly. Our results also show that even during the lockdown, with primary emissions reduction of 15%-61%, the daily average PM<sub>2.5</sub> concentrations range between 15 and 79 μg m<sup>-3</sup>, which shows that background and residual pollutions are still high. Source apportionment results indicate that the residual pollution of PM<sub>2.5</sub> comes from industry (32.2-61.1%), mobile (3.9-8.1%), dust (2.6-7.7%), residential sources (2.1-28.5%) in YRD and 14.0-28.6% contribution from long-range transport coming from northern China. This indicates that in spite of the extreme reductions in primary emissions, it cannot fully tackle the current air pollution. Re-organisation of the energy and industrial strategy together with trans-regional joint-control for a full long-term air pollution plan need to be further taken into account.</div></front></TEI><pubmed><MedlineCitation Status="MEDLINE" IndexingMethod="Curated" Owner="NLM"><PMID Version="1">32413621</PMID><DateCompleted><Year>2020</Year><Month>06</Month><Day>15</Day></DateCompleted><DateRevised><Year>2021</Year><Month>01</Month><Day>20</Day></DateRevised><Article PubModel="Print-Electronic"><Journal><ISSN IssnType="Electronic">1879-1026</ISSN><JournalIssue CitedMedium="Internet"><Volume>732</Volume><PubDate><Year>2020</Year><Month>Aug</Month><Day>25</Day></PubDate></JournalIssue><Title>The Science of the total environment</Title><ISOAbbreviation>Sci Total Environ</ISOAbbreviation></Journal><ArticleTitle>Air quality changes during the COVID-19 lockdown over the Yangtze River Delta Region: An insight into the impact of human activity pattern changes on air pollution variation.</ArticleTitle><Pagination><MedlinePgn>139282</MedlinePgn></Pagination><ELocationID EIdType="pii" ValidYN="Y">S0048-9697(20)32799-6</ELocationID><ELocationID EIdType="doi" ValidYN="Y">10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139282</ELocationID><Abstract><AbstractText>The outbreak of COVID-19 has spreaded rapidly across the world. To control the rapid dispersion of the virus, China has imposed national lockdown policies to practise social distancing. This has led to reduced human activities and hence primary air pollutant emissions, which caused improvement of air quality as a side-product. To investigate the air quality changes during the COVID-19 lockdown over the YRD Region, we apply the WRF-CAMx modelling system together with monitoring data to investigate the impact of human activity pattern changes on air quality. Results show that human activities were lowered significantly during the period: industrial operations, VKT, constructions in operation, etc. were significantly reduced, leading to lowered SO<sub>2</sub>, NO<sub>x</sub>, PM<sub>2.5</sub> and VOCs emissions by approximately 16-26%, 29-47%, 27-46% and 37-57% during the Level I and Level II response periods respectively. These emission reduction has played a significant role in the improvement of air quality. Concentrations of PM<sub>2.5</sub>, NO<sub>2</sub> and SO<sub>2</sub> decreased by 31.8%, 45.1% and 20.4% during the Level I period; and 33.2%, 27.2% and 7.6% during the Level II period compared with 2019. However, ozone did not show any reduction and increased greatly. Our results also show that even during the lockdown, with primary emissions reduction of 15%-61%, the daily average PM<sub>2.5</sub> concentrations range between 15 and 79 μg m<sup>-3</sup>, which shows that background and residual pollutions are still high. Source apportionment results indicate that the residual pollution of PM<sub>2.5</sub> comes from industry (32.2-61.1%), mobile (3.9-8.1%), dust (2.6-7.7%), residential sources (2.1-28.5%) in YRD and 14.0-28.6% contribution from long-range transport coming from northern China. This indicates that in spite of the extreme reductions in primary emissions, it cannot fully tackle the current air pollution. Re-organisation of the energy and industrial strategy together with trans-regional joint-control for a full long-term air pollution plan need to be further taken into account.</AbstractText><CopyrightInformation>Copyright © 2020 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.</CopyrightInformation></Abstract><AuthorList CompleteYN="Y"><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Li</LastName><ForeName>Li</ForeName><Initials>L</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China; Key Laboratory of Organic Compound Pollution Control Engineering (MOE), Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China. Electronic address: Lily@shu.edu.cn.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Li</LastName><ForeName>Qing</ForeName><Initials>Q</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China; Key Laboratory of Organic Compound Pollution Control Engineering (MOE), Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Huang</LastName><ForeName>Ling</ForeName><Initials>L</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China; Key Laboratory of Organic Compound Pollution Control Engineering (MOE), Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Wang</LastName><ForeName>Qian</ForeName><Initials>Q</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China; Key Laboratory of Organic Compound Pollution Control Engineering (MOE), Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Zhu</LastName><ForeName>Ansheng</ForeName><Initials>A</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China; Key Laboratory of Organic Compound Pollution Control Engineering (MOE), Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Xu</LastName><ForeName>Jian</ForeName><Initials>J</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China; Key Laboratory of Organic Compound Pollution Control Engineering (MOE), Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Liu</LastName><ForeName>Ziyi</ForeName><Initials>Z</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China; Key Laboratory of Organic Compound Pollution Control Engineering (MOE), Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Li</LastName><ForeName>Hongli</ForeName><Initials>H</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China; Key Laboratory of Organic Compound Pollution Control Engineering (MOE), Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Shi</LastName><ForeName>Lishu</ForeName><Initials>L</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China; Key Laboratory of Organic Compound Pollution Control Engineering (MOE), Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Li</LastName><ForeName>Rui</ForeName><Initials>R</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China; Key Laboratory of Organic Compound Pollution Control Engineering (MOE), Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Azari</LastName><ForeName>Majid</ForeName><Initials>M</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Civil Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia, Semenyih 43500, Selangor, Malaysia.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Wang</LastName><ForeName>Yangjun</ForeName><Initials>Y</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China; Key Laboratory of Organic Compound Pollution Control Engineering (MOE), Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Zhang</LastName><ForeName>Xiaojuan</ForeName><Initials>X</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China; Key Laboratory of Organic Compound Pollution Control Engineering (MOE), Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Liu</LastName><ForeName>Zhiqiang</ForeName><Initials>Z</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China; Key Laboratory of Organic Compound Pollution Control Engineering (MOE), Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Zhu</LastName><ForeName>Yonghui</ForeName><Initials>Y</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China; Key Laboratory of Organic Compound Pollution Control Engineering (MOE), Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Zhang</LastName><ForeName>Kun</ForeName><Initials>K</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China; Key Laboratory of Organic Compound Pollution Control Engineering (MOE), Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Xue</LastName><ForeName>Shuhui</ForeName><Initials>S</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China; Key Laboratory of Organic Compound Pollution Control Engineering (MOE), Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Ooi</LastName><ForeName>Maggie Chel Gee</ForeName><Initials>MCG</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Civil Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia, Semenyih 43500, Selangor, Malaysia; Institute of Climate Change (IPI), National University of Malaysia (UKM), 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Zhang</LastName><ForeName>Dongping</ForeName><Initials>D</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China; Key Laboratory of Organic Compound Pollution Control Engineering (MOE), Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Chan</LastName><ForeName>Andy</ForeName><Initials>A</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Civil Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia, Semenyih 43500, Selangor, Malaysia. Electronic address: Andy.Chan@nottingham.edu.my.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author></AuthorList><Language>eng</Language><PublicationTypeList><PublicationType UI="D016428">Journal Article</PublicationType></PublicationTypeList><ArticleDate DateType="Electronic"><Year>2020</Year><Month>05</Month><Day>11</Day></ArticleDate></Article><MedlineJournalInfo><Country>Netherlands</Country><MedlineTA>Sci Total Environ</MedlineTA><NlmUniqueID>0330500</NlmUniqueID><ISSNLinking>0048-9697</ISSNLinking></MedlineJournalInfo><ChemicalList><Chemical><RegistryNumber>0</RegistryNumber><NameOfSubstance UI="D000393">Air Pollutants</NameOfSubstance></Chemical><Chemical><RegistryNumber>0</RegistryNumber><NameOfSubstance UI="D052638">Particulate Matter</NameOfSubstance></Chemical></ChemicalList><CitationSubset>IM</CitationSubset><MeshHeadingList><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D000393" MajorTopicYN="N">Air Pollutants</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D000397" MajorTopicYN="Y">Air Pollution</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D000073640" MajorTopicYN="Y">Betacoronavirus</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D000086382" MajorTopicYN="N">COVID-19</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D002681" MajorTopicYN="N" Type="Geographic">China</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D018352" MajorTopicYN="Y">Coronavirus Infections</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D004784" MajorTopicYN="N">Environmental Monitoring</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D006802" MajorTopicYN="N">Human Activities</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D006801" MajorTopicYN="N">Humans</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D058873" MajorTopicYN="Y">Pandemics</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D052638" MajorTopicYN="N">Particulate Matter</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D011024" MajorTopicYN="Y">Pneumonia, Viral</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D000086402" MajorTopicYN="N">SARS-CoV-2</DescriptorName></MeshHeading></MeshHeadingList><KeywordList Owner="NOTNLM"><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">Air quality</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">COVID-19</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">Yangtze River Delta</Keyword></KeywordList><CoiStatement>Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.</CoiStatement></MedlineCitation><PubmedData><History><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="received"><Year>2020</Year><Month>04</Month><Day>28</Day></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="revised"><Year>2020</Year><Month>05</Month><Day>02</Day></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="accepted"><Year>2020</Year><Month>05</Month><Day>06</Day></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="pubmed"><Year>2020</Year><Month>5</Month><Day>16</Day><Hour>6</Hour><Minute>0</Minute></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="medline"><Year>2020</Year><Month>6</Month><Day>17</Day><Hour>6</Hour><Minute>0</Minute></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="entrez"><Year>2020</Year><Month>5</Month><Day>16</Day><Hour>6</Hour><Minute>0</Minute></PubMedPubDate></History><PublicationStatus>ppublish</PublicationStatus><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">32413621</ArticleId><ArticleId IdType="pii">S0048-9697(20)32799-6</ArticleId><ArticleId IdType="doi">10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139282</ArticleId><ArticleId IdType="pmc">PMC7211667</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></PubmedData></pubmed></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
EXPLOR_STEP=$WICRI_ROOT/Sante/explor/LockdownV1/Data/Main/Corpus
HfdSelect -h $EXPLOR_STEP/biblio.hfd -nk 002682 | SxmlIndent | more
Ou
HfdSelect -h $EXPLOR_AREA/Data/Main/Corpus/biblio.hfd -nk 002682 | SxmlIndent | more
Pour mettre un lien sur cette page dans le réseau Wicri
{{Explor lien
|wiki= Sante
|area= LockdownV1
|flux= Main
|étape= Corpus
|type= RBID
|clé= pubmed:32413621
|texte= Air quality changes during the COVID-19 lockdown over the Yangtze River Delta Region: An insight into the impact of human activity pattern changes on air pollution variation.
}}
Pour générer des pages wiki
HfdIndexSelect -h $EXPLOR_AREA/Data/Main/Corpus/RBID.i -Sk "pubmed:32413621" \
| HfdSelect -Kh $EXPLOR_AREA/Data/Main/Corpus/biblio.hfd \
| NlmPubMed2Wicri -a LockdownV1
| This area was generated with Dilib version V0.6.38. |  |