Imprints of pandemic lockdown on subsurface water quality in the coastal industrial city of Tuticorin, South India: A revival perspective.
Identifieur interne : 002282 ( Main/Corpus ); précédent : 002281; suivant : 002283Imprints of pandemic lockdown on subsurface water quality in the coastal industrial city of Tuticorin, South India: A revival perspective.
Auteurs : S. Selvam ; K. Jesuraja ; S. Venkatramanan ; S Y Chung ; P D Roy ; P. Muthukumar ; Manish KumarSource :
- The Science of the total environment [ 1879-1026 ] ; 2020.
English descriptors
- KwdEn :
- Betacoronavirus (MeSH), COVID-19 (MeSH), Cities (MeSH), Coronavirus Infections (MeSH), Environmental Monitoring (MeSH), Escherichia coli (MeSH), Humans (MeSH), India (MeSH), Metals, Heavy (analysis), Pandemics (MeSH), Pneumonia, Viral (MeSH), SARS-CoV-2 (MeSH), Water Pollutants, Chemical (analysis), Water Quality (MeSH).
- MESH :
- chemical , analysis : Metals, Heavy, Water Pollutants, Chemical.
- geographic : Cities, India.
- Betacoronavirus, COVID-19, Coronavirus Infections, Environmental Monitoring, Escherichia coli, Humans, Pandemics, Pneumonia, Viral, SARS-CoV-2, Water Quality.
Abstract
Globally, the incidences of environmental improvements owing to seizing the anthropogenic activities during the lockdown have been reported through news articles and photographs, yet a formal scholarly study has been lacking to substantiate the imprints of lockdown. We hereby present the imprints of lockdown on water quality (both chemical and biological) parameters during the nationwide lockdown (COVID-19 epidemic) in India between 25th March to 30th May 2020. The present study describes the changes in chemical and biological water quality parameters based on twenty-two groundwater samples from the coastal industrial city of Tuticorin in Southern India, taken before (10 and 11th February 2020) and during the lockdown (19 and 20th April 2020) periods. The physico-chemical parameters compared are pH, total dissolved solids (TDS) and electrical conductivity (EC), nitrate (NO3), fluoride (F), chromium (Cr), iron (Fe), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), arsenic (As), and selenium (Se), and the bacterial parameters are total coliforms, fecal coliforms, E. coli, and fecal streptococci. Among the metals, the significant reductions in Se (42%), As (51%), Fe (60%) and Pb (50%) were noticed probably owing to no or very less wastewater discharges from metal-based industries, seafood-based industries and thermal power plants during the lockdown. Reduction in NO3 (56%), total coliform (52%) and fecal coliforms (48%) indicated less organic sewage from the fishing industries. Contents of Cr, Cu, Zn and Cd, however, remained similar and fluoride did not show any change, probably as they were sourced from rock-water interactions. Similarly, we did not observe alterations in E. coli and fecal streptococci due to no significant change in domestic sewage production during the lockdown. The multivariate analyses aptly illustrated this and the principal component analyses helped to identify the sources that controlled water qualities of the lockdown compared to the pre-lockdown period. Our observation implies that groundwater is definitely under active interaction with surface waters and thus a quick revival could be observed following the seizing of anthropogenic activities.
DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139848
PubMed: 32574914
PubMed Central: PMC7832982
Links to Exploration step
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Venkatramanan</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Corresponding author at: Department for Management of Science and Technology Development, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.; Faculty of Applied Sciences, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam. 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Selvam</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Geology, V.O. Chidambaram College, Thoothukudi 628008, Tamilnadu, India.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Jesuraja, K" sort="Jesuraja, K" uniqKey="Jesuraja K" first="K" last="Jesuraja">K. Jesuraja</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Geology, V.O. Chidambaram College, Thoothukudi 628008, Tamilnadu, India; Registration No: 18212232061030, Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Tirunelveli 627 012, Tamil Nadu, India.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Venkatramanan, S" sort="Venkatramanan, S" uniqKey="Venkatramanan S" first="S" last="Venkatramanan">S. Venkatramanan</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Corresponding author at: Department for Management of Science and Technology Development, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.; Faculty of Applied Sciences, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam. Electronic address: venkatramanan@tdtu.edu.vn.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Chung, S Y" sort="Chung, S Y" uniqKey="Chung S" first="S Y" last="Chung">S Y Chung</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Earth & Environmental Sciences, Institute of Environmental Geosciences, Pukyong National University, Busan 608-737, Republic of Korea.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Roy, P D" sort="Roy, P D" uniqKey="Roy P" first="P D" last="Roy">P D Roy</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Instituto de Geología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Ciudad Universitaria, Ciudad de México CP 04510, Mexico.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Muthukumar, P" sort="Muthukumar, P" uniqKey="Muthukumar P" first="P" last="Muthukumar">P. Muthukumar</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Geology, V.O. Chidambaram College, Thoothukudi 628008, Tamilnadu, India.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kumar, Manish" sort="Kumar, Manish" uniqKey="Kumar M" first="Manish" last="Kumar">Manish Kumar</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Discipline of Earth Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar, Gujarat 385-355, India.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">The Science of the total environment</title><idno type="eISSN">1879-1026</idno><imprint><date when="2020" type="published">2020</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass><keywords scheme="KwdEn" xml:lang="en"><term>Betacoronavirus (MeSH)</term><term>COVID-19 (MeSH)</term><term>Cities (MeSH)</term><term>Coronavirus Infections (MeSH)</term><term>Environmental Monitoring (MeSH)</term><term>Escherichia coli (MeSH)</term><term>Humans (MeSH)</term><term>India (MeSH)</term><term>Metals, Heavy (analysis)</term><term>Pandemics (MeSH)</term><term>Pneumonia, Viral (MeSH)</term><term>SARS-CoV-2 (MeSH)</term><term>Water Pollutants, Chemical (analysis)</term><term>Water Quality (MeSH)</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" type="chemical" qualifier="analysis" xml:lang="en"><term>Metals, Heavy</term><term>Water Pollutants, Chemical</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" type="geographic" xml:lang="en"><term>Cities</term><term>India</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="en"><term>Betacoronavirus</term><term>COVID-19</term><term>Coronavirus Infections</term><term>Environmental Monitoring</term><term>Escherichia coli</term><term>Humans</term><term>Pandemics</term><term>Pneumonia, Viral</term><term>SARS-CoV-2</term><term>Water Quality</term></keywords></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">Globally, the incidences of environmental improvements owing to seizing the anthropogenic activities during the lockdown have been reported through news articles and photographs, yet a formal scholarly study has been lacking to substantiate the imprints of lockdown. We hereby present the imprints of lockdown on water quality (both chemical and biological) parameters during the nationwide lockdown (COVID-19 epidemic) in India between 25th March to 30th May 2020. The present study describes the changes in chemical and biological water quality parameters based on twenty-two groundwater samples from the coastal industrial city of Tuticorin in Southern India, taken before (10 and 11th February 2020) and during the lockdown (19 and 20th April 2020) periods. The physico-chemical parameters compared are pH, total dissolved solids (TDS) and electrical conductivity (EC), nitrate (NO<sub>3</sub>), fluoride (F), chromium (Cr), iron (Fe), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), arsenic (As), and selenium (Se), and the bacterial parameters are total coliforms, fecal coliforms, E. coli, and fecal streptococci. Among the metals, the significant reductions in Se (42%), As (51%), Fe (60%) and Pb (50%) were noticed probably owing to no or very less wastewater discharges from metal-based industries, seafood-based industries and thermal power plants during the lockdown. Reduction in NO<sub>3</sub> (56%), total coliform (52%) and fecal coliforms (48%) indicated less organic sewage from the fishing industries. Contents of Cr, Cu, Zn and Cd, however, remained similar and fluoride did not show any change, probably as they were sourced from rock-water interactions. Similarly, we did not observe alterations in E. coli and fecal streptococci due to no significant change in domestic sewage production during the lockdown. The multivariate analyses aptly illustrated this and the principal component analyses helped to identify the sources that controlled water qualities of the lockdown compared to the pre-lockdown period. Our observation implies that groundwater is definitely under active interaction with surface waters and thus a quick revival could be observed following the seizing of anthropogenic activities.</div></front></TEI><pubmed><MedlineCitation Status="MEDLINE" IndexingMethod="Automated" Owner="NLM"><PMID Version="1">32574914</PMID><DateCompleted><Year>2020</Year><Month>08</Month><Day>18</Day></DateCompleted><DateRevised><Year>2021</Year><Month>01</Month><Day>27</Day></DateRevised><Article PubModel="Print-Electronic"><Journal><ISSN IssnType="Electronic">1879-1026</ISSN><JournalIssue CitedMedium="Internet"><Volume>738</Volume><PubDate><Year>2020</Year><Month>Oct</Month><Day>10</Day></PubDate></JournalIssue><Title>The Science of the total environment</Title><ISOAbbreviation>Sci Total Environ</ISOAbbreviation></Journal><ArticleTitle>Imprints of pandemic lockdown on subsurface water quality in the coastal industrial city of Tuticorin, South India: A revival perspective.</ArticleTitle><Pagination><MedlinePgn>139848</MedlinePgn></Pagination><ELocationID EIdType="pii" ValidYN="Y">S0048-9697(20)33368-4</ELocationID><ELocationID EIdType="doi" ValidYN="Y">10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139848</ELocationID><Abstract><AbstractText>Globally, the incidences of environmental improvements owing to seizing the anthropogenic activities during the lockdown have been reported through news articles and photographs, yet a formal scholarly study has been lacking to substantiate the imprints of lockdown. We hereby present the imprints of lockdown on water quality (both chemical and biological) parameters during the nationwide lockdown (COVID-19 epidemic) in India between 25th March to 30th May 2020. The present study describes the changes in chemical and biological water quality parameters based on twenty-two groundwater samples from the coastal industrial city of Tuticorin in Southern India, taken before (10 and 11th February 2020) and during the lockdown (19 and 20th April 2020) periods. The physico-chemical parameters compared are pH, total dissolved solids (TDS) and electrical conductivity (EC), nitrate (NO<sub>3</sub>), fluoride (F), chromium (Cr), iron (Fe), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), arsenic (As), and selenium (Se), and the bacterial parameters are total coliforms, fecal coliforms, E. coli, and fecal streptococci. Among the metals, the significant reductions in Se (42%), As (51%), Fe (60%) and Pb (50%) were noticed probably owing to no or very less wastewater discharges from metal-based industries, seafood-based industries and thermal power plants during the lockdown. Reduction in NO<sub>3</sub> (56%), total coliform (52%) and fecal coliforms (48%) indicated less organic sewage from the fishing industries. Contents of Cr, Cu, Zn and Cd, however, remained similar and fluoride did not show any change, probably as they were sourced from rock-water interactions. Similarly, we did not observe alterations in E. coli and fecal streptococci due to no significant change in domestic sewage production during the lockdown. The multivariate analyses aptly illustrated this and the principal component analyses helped to identify the sources that controlled water qualities of the lockdown compared to the pre-lockdown period. Our observation implies that groundwater is definitely under active interaction with surface waters and thus a quick revival could be observed following the seizing of anthropogenic activities.</AbstractText><CopyrightInformation>Copyright © 2020 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.</CopyrightInformation></Abstract><AuthorList CompleteYN="Y"><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Selvam</LastName><ForeName>S</ForeName><Initials>S</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Geology, V.O. Chidambaram College, Thoothukudi 628008, Tamilnadu, India.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Jesuraja</LastName><ForeName>K</ForeName><Initials>K</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Geology, V.O. Chidambaram College, Thoothukudi 628008, Tamilnadu, India; Registration No: 18212232061030, Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Tirunelveli 627 012, Tamil Nadu, India.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Venkatramanan</LastName><ForeName>S</ForeName><Initials>S</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Corresponding author at: Department for Management of Science and Technology Development, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.; Faculty of Applied Sciences, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam. Electronic address: venkatramanan@tdtu.edu.vn.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Chung</LastName><ForeName>S Y</ForeName><Initials>SY</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Earth & Environmental Sciences, Institute of Environmental Geosciences, Pukyong National University, Busan 608-737, Republic of Korea.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Roy</LastName><ForeName>P D</ForeName><Initials>PD</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Instituto de Geología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Ciudad Universitaria, Ciudad de México CP 04510, Mexico.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Muthukumar</LastName><ForeName>P</ForeName><Initials>P</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Geology, V.O. Chidambaram College, Thoothukudi 628008, Tamilnadu, India.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Kumar</LastName><ForeName>Manish</ForeName><Initials>M</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Discipline of Earth Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar, Gujarat 385-355, India.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author></AuthorList><Language>eng</Language><PublicationTypeList><PublicationType UI="D016428">Journal Article</PublicationType></PublicationTypeList><ArticleDate DateType="Electronic"><Year>2020</Year><Month>05</Month><Day>31</Day></ArticleDate></Article><MedlineJournalInfo><Country>Netherlands</Country><MedlineTA>Sci Total Environ</MedlineTA><NlmUniqueID>0330500</NlmUniqueID><ISSNLinking>0048-9697</ISSNLinking></MedlineJournalInfo><ChemicalList><Chemical><RegistryNumber>0</RegistryNumber><NameOfSubstance UI="D019216">Metals, Heavy</NameOfSubstance></Chemical><Chemical><RegistryNumber>0</RegistryNumber><NameOfSubstance UI="D014874">Water Pollutants, Chemical</NameOfSubstance></Chemical></ChemicalList><CitationSubset>IM</CitationSubset><MeshHeadingList><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D000073640" MajorTopicYN="N">Betacoronavirus</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D000086382" MajorTopicYN="N">COVID-19</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D002947" MajorTopicYN="N" Type="Geographic">Cities</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D018352" MajorTopicYN="Y">Coronavirus Infections</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D004784" MajorTopicYN="N">Environmental Monitoring</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D004926" MajorTopicYN="N">Escherichia coli</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D006801" MajorTopicYN="N">Humans</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D007194" MajorTopicYN="N" Type="Geographic">India</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D019216" MajorTopicYN="N">Metals, Heavy</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000032" MajorTopicYN="Y">analysis</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D058873" MajorTopicYN="Y">Pandemics</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D011024" MajorTopicYN="Y">Pneumonia, Viral</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D000086402" MajorTopicYN="N">SARS-CoV-2</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D014874" MajorTopicYN="N">Water Pollutants, Chemical</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000032" MajorTopicYN="Y">analysis</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D060753" MajorTopicYN="N">Water Quality</DescriptorName></MeshHeading></MeshHeadingList><KeywordList Owner="NOTNLM"><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">COVID-19</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">Heavy metal</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">Lockdown, Tuticorin, India</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">Organic pollutant</Keyword></KeywordList><CoiStatement>Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.</CoiStatement></MedlineCitation><PubmedData><History><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="received"><Year>2020</Year><Month>04</Month><Day>26</Day></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="revised"><Year>2020</Year><Month>05</Month><Day>27</Day></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="accepted"><Year>2020</Year><Month>05</Month><Day>29</Day></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="pubmed"><Year>2020</Year><Month>6</Month><Day>24</Day><Hour>6</Hour><Minute>0</Minute></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="medline"><Year>2020</Year><Month>8</Month><Day>19</Day><Hour>6</Hour><Minute>0</Minute></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="entrez"><Year>2020</Year><Month>6</Month><Day>24</Day><Hour>6</Hour><Minute>0</Minute></PubMedPubDate></History><PublicationStatus>ppublish</PublicationStatus><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">32574914</ArticleId><ArticleId IdType="pii">S0048-9697(20)33368-4</ArticleId><ArticleId IdType="doi">10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139848</ArticleId><ArticleId IdType="pmc">PMC7832982</ArticleId></ArticleIdList><ReferenceList><Reference><Citation>Mar Pollut Bull. 2013 Aug 15;73(1):355-61</Citation><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">23790446</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></Reference><Reference><Citation>Nature. 2020 Apr;580(7804):442</Citation><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">32286539</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></Reference><Reference><Citation>Chemosphere. 2016 May;150:227-238</Citation><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">26901480</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></Reference><Reference><Citation>Groundw Sustain Dev. 2020 Oct;11:100400</Citation><ArticleIdList><ArticleId 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