COVID-19 lockdown in people with severe mental disorders in Spain: Do they have a specific psychological reaction compared with other mental disorders and healthy controls?
Identifieur interne : 001D80 ( Main/Corpus ); précédent : 001D79; suivant : 001D81COVID-19 lockdown in people with severe mental disorders in Spain: Do they have a specific psychological reaction compared with other mental disorders and healthy controls?
Auteurs : Leticia González-Blanco ; Francesco Dal Santo ; Leticia García-Álvarez ; Lorena De La Fuente-Tomás ; Carlota Moya Lacasa ; Gonzalo Paniagua ; Pilar A. Sáiz ; María Paz García-Portilla ; Julio BobesSource :
- Schizophrenia research [ 1573-2509 ] ; 2020.
English descriptors
- KwdEn :
- Adaptation, Psychological (MeSH), Adult (MeSH), Anxiety (psychology), Anxiety Disorders (psychology), Avoidance Learning (MeSH), Bipolar Disorder (psychology), COVID-19 (MeSH), Case-Control Studies (MeSH), Communicable Disease Control (MeSH), Depression (psychology), Depressive Disorder (psychology), Employment (MeSH), Family (MeSH), Female (MeSH), Humans (MeSH), Income (MeSH), Linear Models (MeSH), Male (MeSH), Marital Status (MeSH), Mental Disorders (psychology), Middle Aged (MeSH), Protective Factors (MeSH), Psychological Distress (MeSH), Psychotic Disorders (psychology), Risk Factors (MeSH), Spain (MeSH), Stress, Psychological (psychology).
- MESH :
- geographic : Spain.
- psychology : Anxiety, Anxiety Disorders, Bipolar Disorder, Depression, Depressive Disorder, Mental Disorders, Psychotic Disorders, Stress, Psychological.
- Adaptation, Psychological, Adult, Avoidance Learning, COVID-19, Case-Control Studies, Communicable Disease Control, Employment, Family, Female, Humans, Income, Linear Models, Male, Marital Status, Middle Aged, Protective Factors, Psychological Distress, Risk Factors.
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic and the lockdown restrictions could have adverse consequences for patients with severe mental disorders (SMD). Here, we aim to compare the early psychological impact (depression, anxiety, and stress responses, intrusive and avoidant thoughts, and coping strategies) on people with SMD (n = 125) compared with two control groups: common mental disorders (CMD, n = 250) and healthy controls (HC, n = 250). An anonymous online questionnaire using a snowball sampling method was conducted from March 19-26, 2020 and included sociodemographic and clinical data along with the DASS-21 and IES scales. We performed descriptive and bivariate analyses and multinomial and linear regression models. People with SMD had higher anxiety, stress, and depression responses than HC, but lower scores than CMD in all domains. Most people with SMD (87.2%) were able to enjoy free time, although control groups had higher percentages. After controlling for confounding factors, anxiety was the only significant psychological domain with lower scores in HC than people with SMD (OR = 0.721; 95% CI: 0.579-0.898). In the SMD group, higher anxiety was associated with being single (beta = 0.144), having COVID-19 symptoms (beta = 0.146), and a higher score on the stress subscale of DASS-21 (beta = 0.538); whereas being able to enjoy free time was a protective factor (beta = -0.244). Our results showed that patients with SMD reacted to the pandemic and the lockdown restrictions with higher anxiety levels than the general public, and suggesting this domain could be a criterion for early intervention strategies and closer follow-up.
DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2020.07.018
PubMed: 32771308
PubMed Central: PMC7381938
Links to Exploration step
pubmed:32771308Le document en format XML
<record><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">COVID-19 lockdown in people with severe mental disorders in Spain: Do they have a specific psychological reaction compared with other mental disorders and healthy controls?</title><author><name sortKey="Gonzalez Blanco, Leticia" sort="Gonzalez Blanco, Leticia" uniqKey="Gonzalez Blanco L" first="Leticia" last="González-Blanco">Leticia González-Blanco</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Servicio de Salud del Principado de Asturias (SESPA), Oviedo, Spain; Department of Psychiatry, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, Spain; Instituto Universitario de Neurociencias del Principado de Asturias (INEUROPA), Oviedo, Spain.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Dal Santo, Francesco" sort="Dal Santo, Francesco" uniqKey="Dal Santo F" first="Francesco" last="Dal Santo">Francesco Dal Santo</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Servicio de Salud del Principado de Asturias (SESPA), Oviedo, Spain; Department of Psychiatry, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, Spain; Instituto Universitario de Neurociencias del Principado de Asturias (INEUROPA), Oviedo, Spain.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Garcia Lvarez, Leticia" sort="Garcia Lvarez, Leticia" uniqKey="Garcia Lvarez L" first="Leticia" last="García-Álvarez">Leticia García-Álvarez</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Psychiatry, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, Spain; Instituto Universitario de Neurociencias del Principado de Asturias (INEUROPA), Oviedo, Spain; Department of Psychology, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain. 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Sáiz</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Servicio de Salud del Principado de Asturias (SESPA), Oviedo, Spain; Department of Psychiatry, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, Spain; Instituto Universitario de Neurociencias del Principado de Asturias (INEUROPA), Oviedo, Spain. Electronic address: frank@uniovi.es.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Garcia Portilla, Maria Paz" sort="Garcia Portilla, Maria Paz" uniqKey="Garcia Portilla M" first="María Paz" last="García-Portilla">María Paz García-Portilla</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Servicio de Salud del Principado de Asturias (SESPA), Oviedo, Spain; Department of Psychiatry, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, Spain; Instituto Universitario de Neurociencias del Principado de Asturias (INEUROPA), Oviedo, Spain. Electronic address: albert@uniovi.es.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bobes, Julio" sort="Bobes, Julio" uniqKey="Bobes J" first="Julio" last="Bobes">Julio Bobes</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Servicio de Salud del Principado de Asturias (SESPA), Oviedo, Spain; Department of Psychiatry, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, Spain; Instituto Universitario de Neurociencias del Principado de Asturias (INEUROPA), Oviedo, Spain. Electronic address: bobes@uniovi.es.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PubMed</idno><date when="2020">2020</date><idno type="RBID">pubmed:32771308</idno><idno type="pmid">32771308</idno><idno type="doi">10.1016/j.schres.2020.07.018</idno><idno type="pmc">PMC7381938</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Corpus">001D80</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Main" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PubMed">001D80</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en">COVID-19 lockdown in people with severe mental disorders in Spain: Do they have a specific psychological reaction compared with other mental disorders and healthy controls?</title><author><name sortKey="Gonzalez Blanco, Leticia" sort="Gonzalez Blanco, Leticia" uniqKey="Gonzalez Blanco L" first="Leticia" last="González-Blanco">Leticia González-Blanco</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Servicio de Salud del Principado de Asturias (SESPA), Oviedo, Spain; Department of Psychiatry, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, Spain; Instituto Universitario de Neurociencias del Principado de Asturias (INEUROPA), Oviedo, Spain.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Dal Santo, Francesco" sort="Dal Santo, Francesco" uniqKey="Dal Santo F" first="Francesco" last="Dal Santo">Francesco Dal Santo</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Servicio de Salud del Principado de Asturias (SESPA), Oviedo, Spain; Department of Psychiatry, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, Spain; Instituto Universitario de Neurociencias del Principado de Asturias (INEUROPA), Oviedo, Spain.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Garcia Lvarez, Leticia" sort="Garcia Lvarez, Leticia" uniqKey="Garcia Lvarez L" first="Leticia" last="García-Álvarez">Leticia García-Álvarez</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Psychiatry, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, Spain; Instituto Universitario de Neurociencias del Principado de Asturias (INEUROPA), Oviedo, Spain; Department of Psychology, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain. Electronic address: lettti@gmail.com.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="De La Fuente Tomas, Lorena" sort="De La Fuente Tomas, Lorena" uniqKey="De La Fuente Tomas L" first="Lorena" last="De La Fuente-Tomás">Lorena De La Fuente-Tomás</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Psychiatry, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, Spain; Instituto Universitario de Neurociencias del Principado de Asturias (INEUROPA), Oviedo, Spain.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Moya Lacasa, Carlota" sort="Moya Lacasa, Carlota" uniqKey="Moya Lacasa C" first="Carlota" last="Moya Lacasa">Carlota Moya Lacasa</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Servicio de Salud del Principado de Asturias (SESPA), Oviedo, Spain.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Paniagua, Gonzalo" sort="Paniagua, Gonzalo" uniqKey="Paniagua G" first="Gonzalo" last="Paniagua">Gonzalo Paniagua</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Servicio de Salud del Principado de Asturias (SESPA), Oviedo, Spain.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Saiz, Pilar A" sort="Saiz, Pilar A" uniqKey="Saiz P" first="Pilar A" last="Sáiz">Pilar A. Sáiz</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Servicio de Salud del Principado de Asturias (SESPA), Oviedo, Spain; Department of Psychiatry, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, Spain; Instituto Universitario de Neurociencias del Principado de Asturias (INEUROPA), Oviedo, Spain. Electronic address: frank@uniovi.es.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Garcia Portilla, Maria Paz" sort="Garcia Portilla, Maria Paz" uniqKey="Garcia Portilla M" first="María Paz" last="García-Portilla">María Paz García-Portilla</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Servicio de Salud del Principado de Asturias (SESPA), Oviedo, Spain; Department of Psychiatry, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, Spain; Instituto Universitario de Neurociencias del Principado de Asturias (INEUROPA), Oviedo, Spain. Electronic address: albert@uniovi.es.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bobes, Julio" sort="Bobes, Julio" uniqKey="Bobes J" first="Julio" last="Bobes">Julio Bobes</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Servicio de Salud del Principado de Asturias (SESPA), Oviedo, Spain; Department of Psychiatry, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, Spain; Instituto Universitario de Neurociencias del Principado de Asturias (INEUROPA), Oviedo, Spain. Electronic address: bobes@uniovi.es.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">Schizophrenia research</title><idno type="eISSN">1573-2509</idno><imprint><date when="2020" type="published">2020</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass><keywords scheme="KwdEn" xml:lang="en"><term>Adaptation, Psychological (MeSH)</term><term>Adult (MeSH)</term><term>Anxiety (psychology)</term><term>Anxiety Disorders (psychology)</term><term>Avoidance Learning (MeSH)</term><term>Bipolar Disorder (psychology)</term><term>COVID-19 (MeSH)</term><term>Case-Control Studies (MeSH)</term><term>Communicable Disease Control (MeSH)</term><term>Depression (psychology)</term><term>Depressive Disorder (psychology)</term><term>Employment (MeSH)</term><term>Family (MeSH)</term><term>Female (MeSH)</term><term>Humans (MeSH)</term><term>Income (MeSH)</term><term>Linear Models (MeSH)</term><term>Male (MeSH)</term><term>Marital Status (MeSH)</term><term>Mental Disorders (psychology)</term><term>Middle Aged (MeSH)</term><term>Protective Factors (MeSH)</term><term>Psychological Distress (MeSH)</term><term>Psychotic Disorders (psychology)</term><term>Risk Factors (MeSH)</term><term>Spain (MeSH)</term><term>Stress, Psychological (psychology)</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" type="geographic" xml:lang="en"><term>Spain</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="psychology" xml:lang="en"><term>Anxiety</term><term>Anxiety Disorders</term><term>Bipolar Disorder</term><term>Depression</term><term>Depressive Disorder</term><term>Mental Disorders</term><term>Psychotic Disorders</term><term>Stress, Psychological</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="en"><term>Adaptation, Psychological</term><term>Adult</term><term>Avoidance Learning</term><term>COVID-19</term><term>Case-Control Studies</term><term>Communicable Disease Control</term><term>Employment</term><term>Family</term><term>Female</term><term>Humans</term><term>Income</term><term>Linear Models</term><term>Male</term><term>Marital Status</term><term>Middle Aged</term><term>Protective Factors</term><term>Psychological Distress</term><term>Risk Factors</term></keywords></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">The COVID-19 pandemic and the lockdown restrictions could have adverse consequences for patients with severe mental disorders (SMD). Here, we aim to compare the early psychological impact (depression, anxiety, and stress responses, intrusive and avoidant thoughts, and coping strategies) on people with SMD (n = 125) compared with two control groups: common mental disorders (CMD, n = 250) and healthy controls (HC, n = 250). An anonymous online questionnaire using a snowball sampling method was conducted from March 19-26, 2020 and included sociodemographic and clinical data along with the DASS-21 and IES scales. We performed descriptive and bivariate analyses and multinomial and linear regression models. People with SMD had higher anxiety, stress, and depression responses than HC, but lower scores than CMD in all domains. Most people with SMD (87.2%) were able to enjoy free time, although control groups had higher percentages. After controlling for confounding factors, anxiety was the only significant psychological domain with lower scores in HC than people with SMD (OR = 0.721; 95% CI: 0.579-0.898). In the SMD group, higher anxiety was associated with being single (beta = 0.144), having COVID-19 symptoms (beta = 0.146), and a higher score on the stress subscale of DASS-21 (beta = 0.538); whereas being able to enjoy free time was a protective factor (beta = -0.244). Our results showed that patients with SMD reacted to the pandemic and the lockdown restrictions with higher anxiety levels than the general public, and suggesting this domain could be a criterion for early intervention strategies and closer follow-up.</div></front></TEI><pubmed><MedlineCitation Status="MEDLINE" Owner="NLM"><PMID Version="1">32771308</PMID><DateCompleted><Year>2020</Year><Month>12</Month><Day>11</Day></DateCompleted><DateRevised><Year>2021</Year><Month>01</Month><Day>10</Day></DateRevised><Article PubModel="Print-Electronic"><Journal><ISSN IssnType="Electronic">1573-2509</ISSN><JournalIssue CitedMedium="Internet"><Volume>223</Volume><PubDate><Year>2020</Year><Month>09</Month></PubDate></JournalIssue><Title>Schizophrenia research</Title><ISOAbbreviation>Schizophr Res</ISOAbbreviation></Journal><ArticleTitle>COVID-19 lockdown in people with severe mental disorders in Spain: Do they have a specific psychological reaction compared with other mental disorders and healthy controls?</ArticleTitle><Pagination><MedlinePgn>192-198</MedlinePgn></Pagination><ELocationID EIdType="pii" ValidYN="Y">S0920-9964(20)30409-6</ELocationID><ELocationID EIdType="doi" ValidYN="Y">10.1016/j.schres.2020.07.018</ELocationID><Abstract><AbstractText>The COVID-19 pandemic and the lockdown restrictions could have adverse consequences for patients with severe mental disorders (SMD). Here, we aim to compare the early psychological impact (depression, anxiety, and stress responses, intrusive and avoidant thoughts, and coping strategies) on people with SMD (n = 125) compared with two control groups: common mental disorders (CMD, n = 250) and healthy controls (HC, n = 250). An anonymous online questionnaire using a snowball sampling method was conducted from March 19-26, 2020 and included sociodemographic and clinical data along with the DASS-21 and IES scales. We performed descriptive and bivariate analyses and multinomial and linear regression models. People with SMD had higher anxiety, stress, and depression responses than HC, but lower scores than CMD in all domains. Most people with SMD (87.2%) were able to enjoy free time, although control groups had higher percentages. After controlling for confounding factors, anxiety was the only significant psychological domain with lower scores in HC than people with SMD (OR = 0.721; 95% CI: 0.579-0.898). In the SMD group, higher anxiety was associated with being single (beta = 0.144), having COVID-19 symptoms (beta = 0.146), and a higher score on the stress subscale of DASS-21 (beta = 0.538); whereas being able to enjoy free time was a protective factor (beta = -0.244). Our results showed that patients with SMD reacted to the pandemic and the lockdown restrictions with higher anxiety levels than the general public, and suggesting this domain could be a criterion for early intervention strategies and closer follow-up.</AbstractText><CopyrightInformation>Copyright © 2020 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.</CopyrightInformation></Abstract><AuthorList CompleteYN="Y"><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>González-Blanco</LastName><ForeName>Leticia</ForeName><Initials>L</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Servicio de Salud del Principado de Asturias (SESPA), Oviedo, Spain; Department of Psychiatry, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, Spain; Instituto Universitario de Neurociencias del Principado de Asturias (INEUROPA), Oviedo, Spain.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Dal Santo</LastName><ForeName>Francesco</ForeName><Initials>F</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Servicio de Salud del Principado de Asturias (SESPA), Oviedo, Spain; Department of Psychiatry, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, Spain; Instituto Universitario de Neurociencias del Principado de Asturias (INEUROPA), Oviedo, Spain.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>García-Álvarez</LastName><ForeName>Leticia</ForeName><Initials>L</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Psychiatry, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, Spain; Instituto Universitario de Neurociencias del Principado de Asturias (INEUROPA), Oviedo, Spain; Department of Psychology, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain. Electronic address: lettti@gmail.com.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>de la Fuente-Tomás</LastName><ForeName>Lorena</ForeName><Initials>L</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Psychiatry, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, Spain; Instituto Universitario de Neurociencias del Principado de Asturias (INEUROPA), Oviedo, Spain.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Moya Lacasa</LastName><ForeName>Carlota</ForeName><Initials>C</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Servicio de Salud del Principado de Asturias (SESPA), Oviedo, Spain.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Paniagua</LastName><ForeName>Gonzalo</ForeName><Initials>G</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Servicio de Salud del Principado de Asturias (SESPA), Oviedo, Spain.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Sáiz</LastName><ForeName>Pilar A</ForeName><Initials>PA</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Servicio de Salud del Principado de Asturias (SESPA), Oviedo, Spain; Department of Psychiatry, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, Spain; Instituto Universitario de Neurociencias del Principado de Asturias (INEUROPA), Oviedo, Spain. Electronic address: frank@uniovi.es.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>García-Portilla</LastName><ForeName>María Paz</ForeName><Initials>MP</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Servicio de Salud del Principado de Asturias (SESPA), Oviedo, Spain; Department of Psychiatry, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, Spain; Instituto Universitario de Neurociencias del Principado de Asturias (INEUROPA), Oviedo, Spain. Electronic address: albert@uniovi.es.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Bobes</LastName><ForeName>Julio</ForeName><Initials>J</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Servicio de Salud del Principado de Asturias (SESPA), Oviedo, Spain; Department of Psychiatry, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, Spain; Instituto Universitario de Neurociencias del Principado de Asturias (INEUROPA), Oviedo, Spain. Electronic address: bobes@uniovi.es.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author></AuthorList><Language>eng</Language><PublicationTypeList><PublicationType UI="D016428">Journal Article</PublicationType><PublicationType UI="D013485">Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't</PublicationType></PublicationTypeList><ArticleDate DateType="Electronic"><Year>2020</Year><Month>07</Month><Day>25</Day></ArticleDate></Article><MedlineJournalInfo><Country>Netherlands</Country><MedlineTA>Schizophr Res</MedlineTA><NlmUniqueID>8804207</NlmUniqueID><ISSNLinking>0920-9964</ISSNLinking></MedlineJournalInfo><CitationSubset>IM</CitationSubset><MeshHeadingList><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D000223" MajorTopicYN="N">Adaptation, Psychological</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D000328" MajorTopicYN="N">Adult</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D001007" MajorTopicYN="N">Anxiety</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000523" MajorTopicYN="Y">psychology</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D001008" MajorTopicYN="N">Anxiety Disorders</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000523" MajorTopicYN="Y">psychology</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D001362" MajorTopicYN="N">Avoidance Learning</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D001714" MajorTopicYN="N">Bipolar Disorder</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000523" MajorTopicYN="Y">psychology</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D000086382" MajorTopicYN="Y">COVID-19</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D016022" MajorTopicYN="N">Case-Control Studies</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D003140" MajorTopicYN="N">Communicable Disease Control</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D003863" MajorTopicYN="N">Depression</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000523" MajorTopicYN="Y">psychology</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D003866" MajorTopicYN="N">Depressive Disorder</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000523" MajorTopicYN="Y">psychology</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D004651" MajorTopicYN="N">Employment</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D005190" MajorTopicYN="N">Family</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D005260" MajorTopicYN="N">Female</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D006801" MajorTopicYN="N">Humans</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D007182" MajorTopicYN="N">Income</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D016014" MajorTopicYN="N">Linear Models</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D008297" MajorTopicYN="N">Male</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D017533" MajorTopicYN="N">Marital Status</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D001523" MajorTopicYN="N">Mental Disorders</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000523" MajorTopicYN="N">psychology</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D008875" MajorTopicYN="N">Middle Aged</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D065840" MajorTopicYN="N">Protective Factors</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D000079225" MajorTopicYN="N">Psychological Distress</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D011618" MajorTopicYN="N">Psychotic Disorders</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000523" MajorTopicYN="Y">psychology</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D012307" MajorTopicYN="N">Risk Factors</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D013030" MajorTopicYN="N" Type="Geographic">Spain</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D013315" MajorTopicYN="N">Stress, Psychological</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000523" MajorTopicYN="Y">psychology</QualifierName></MeshHeading></MeshHeadingList><KeywordList Owner="NOTNLM"><Keyword MajorTopicYN="Y">Anxiety</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="Y">Bipolar disorder</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="Y">COVID-19</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="Y">Pandemics</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="Y">Psychological distress</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="Y">Psychosis</Keyword></KeywordList><CoiStatement>Declaration of competing interest The authors declare no conflict of interest for the submitted work.</CoiStatement></MedlineCitation><PubmedData><History><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="received"><Year>2020</Year><Month>05</Month><Day>24</Day></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="revised"><Year>2020</Year><Month>07</Month><Day>14</Day></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="accepted"><Year>2020</Year><Month>07</Month><Day>23</Day></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate 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