Significant decrease of lightning activities during COVID-19 lockdown period over Kolkata megacity in India.
Identifieur interne : 001D78 ( Main/Corpus ); précédent : 001D77; suivant : 001D79Significant decrease of lightning activities during COVID-19 lockdown period over Kolkata megacity in India.
Auteurs : Indrajit Chowdhuri ; Subodh Chandra Pal ; Asish Saha ; Rabin Chakrabortty ; Manoranjan Ghosh ; Paramita RoySource :
- The Science of the total environment [ 1879-1026 ] ; 2020.
English descriptors
- KwdEn :
- Air Pollutants (analysis), Air Pollution (analysis), Betacoronavirus (MeSH), COVID-19 (MeSH), Coronavirus Infections (MeSH), Humans (MeSH), India (MeSH), Lightning (MeSH), Nitrogen Dioxide (analysis), Ozone (analysis), Pandemics (MeSH), Particulate Matter (analysis), Pneumonia, Viral (MeSH), SARS-CoV-2 (MeSH), Sulfur Dioxide (analysis).
- MESH :
- chemical , analysis : Air Pollutants, Nitrogen Dioxide, Ozone, Particulate Matter, Sulfur Dioxide.
- geographic : India.
- analysis : Air Pollution.
- Betacoronavirus, COVID-19, Coronavirus Infections, Humans, Lightning, Pandemics, Pneumonia, Viral, SARS-CoV-2.
Abstract
The outbreak of COVID-19 has now created the largest pandemic and the World health organization (WHO) has declared social distancing as the key precaution to confront such type of infections. Most of the countries have taken protective measures by the nationwide lockdown. The purpose of this study is to understand the effect of lockdown on air pollutants and to analyze pre-monsoon (April and May) cloud-to-ground and inter-cloud lightning activity in relation to air pollutants i.e. suspended Particulate matter (PM10), Nitrogen dioxides (NO2) Sulfur dioxide (SO2), Ozone (O3) and Aerosol concentration (AC) in a polluted tropical urban megacities like Kolkata. After the strict lockdown the pollutants rate has reduced by more than 40% from the pre-lockdown period in the Kolkata megacity. So, decreases of PM10, NO2, SO2, O3 and AC have a greater effect on cloud lightning flashes in the pre-monsoon period. In the previous year (2019), the pre-monsoon average result shows a strong positive relation between the lightning and air pollutants; PM10 (R2 = 0.63), NO2 (R2 = 0.63), SO2 (R2 = 0.76), O3 (R2 = 0.68) and AC (R2 = 0.83). The association was relatively low during the lock-down period (pre-monsoon 2020) and the R2 values were 0.62, 0.60, 0.71, 0.64 and 0.80 respectively. Another thing is that the pre-monsoon (2020) lightning strikes decreased by 49.16% compared to the average of previous years (2010 to 2019). The overall study shows that the reduction of surface pollution in the thunderstorm environment is strongly related to the reduction of lightning activity where PM10 and AC are the key pollutants in the Kolkata megacity.
DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.141321
PubMed: 32771791
PubMed Central: PMC7385625
Links to Exploration step
pubmed:32771791Le document en format XML
<record><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">Significant decrease of lightning activities during COVID-19 lockdown period over Kolkata megacity in India.</title><author><name sortKey="Chowdhuri, Indrajit" sort="Chowdhuri, Indrajit" uniqKey="Chowdhuri I" first="Indrajit" last="Chowdhuri">Indrajit Chowdhuri</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Geography, The University of Burdwan, West Bengal, India.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Pal, Subodh Chandra" sort="Pal, Subodh Chandra" uniqKey="Pal S" first="Subodh Chandra" last="Pal">Subodh Chandra Pal</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Geography, The University of Burdwan, West Bengal, India. Electronic address: geo.subodh@gmail.com.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Saha, Asish" sort="Saha, Asish" uniqKey="Saha A" first="Asish" last="Saha">Asish Saha</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Geography, The University of Burdwan, West Bengal, India.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Chakrabortty, Rabin" sort="Chakrabortty, Rabin" uniqKey="Chakrabortty R" first="Rabin" last="Chakrabortty">Rabin Chakrabortty</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Geography, The University of Burdwan, West Bengal, India.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ghosh, Manoranjan" sort="Ghosh, Manoranjan" uniqKey="Ghosh M" first="Manoranjan" last="Ghosh">Manoranjan Ghosh</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Rural Development Centre, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, West Bengal, India.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Roy, Paramita" sort="Roy, Paramita" uniqKey="Roy P" first="Paramita" last="Roy">Paramita Roy</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Geography, The University of Burdwan, West Bengal, India.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PubMed</idno><date when="2020">2020</date><idno type="RBID">pubmed:32771791</idno><idno type="pmid">32771791</idno><idno type="doi">10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.141321</idno><idno type="pmc">PMC7385625</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Corpus">001D78</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Main" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PubMed">001D78</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en">Significant decrease of lightning activities during COVID-19 lockdown period over Kolkata megacity in India.</title><author><name sortKey="Chowdhuri, Indrajit" sort="Chowdhuri, Indrajit" uniqKey="Chowdhuri I" first="Indrajit" last="Chowdhuri">Indrajit Chowdhuri</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Geography, The University of Burdwan, West Bengal, India.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Pal, Subodh Chandra" sort="Pal, Subodh Chandra" uniqKey="Pal S" first="Subodh Chandra" last="Pal">Subodh Chandra Pal</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Geography, The University of Burdwan, West Bengal, India. Electronic address: geo.subodh@gmail.com.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Saha, Asish" sort="Saha, Asish" uniqKey="Saha A" first="Asish" last="Saha">Asish Saha</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Geography, The University of Burdwan, West Bengal, India.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Chakrabortty, Rabin" sort="Chakrabortty, Rabin" uniqKey="Chakrabortty R" first="Rabin" last="Chakrabortty">Rabin Chakrabortty</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Geography, The University of Burdwan, West Bengal, India.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ghosh, Manoranjan" sort="Ghosh, Manoranjan" uniqKey="Ghosh M" first="Manoranjan" last="Ghosh">Manoranjan Ghosh</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Rural Development Centre, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, West Bengal, India.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Roy, Paramita" sort="Roy, Paramita" uniqKey="Roy P" first="Paramita" last="Roy">Paramita Roy</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Geography, The University of Burdwan, West Bengal, India.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">The Science of the total environment</title><idno type="eISSN">1879-1026</idno><imprint><date when="2020" type="published">2020</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass><keywords scheme="KwdEn" xml:lang="en"><term>Air Pollutants (analysis)</term><term>Air Pollution (analysis)</term><term>Betacoronavirus (MeSH)</term><term>COVID-19 (MeSH)</term><term>Coronavirus Infections (MeSH)</term><term>Humans (MeSH)</term><term>India (MeSH)</term><term>Lightning (MeSH)</term><term>Nitrogen Dioxide (analysis)</term><term>Ozone (analysis)</term><term>Pandemics (MeSH)</term><term>Particulate Matter (analysis)</term><term>Pneumonia, Viral (MeSH)</term><term>SARS-CoV-2 (MeSH)</term><term>Sulfur Dioxide (analysis)</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" type="chemical" qualifier="analysis" xml:lang="en"><term>Air Pollutants</term><term>Nitrogen Dioxide</term><term>Ozone</term><term>Particulate Matter</term><term>Sulfur Dioxide</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" type="geographic" xml:lang="en"><term>India</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="analysis" xml:lang="en"><term>Air Pollution</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="en"><term>Betacoronavirus</term><term>COVID-19</term><term>Coronavirus Infections</term><term>Humans</term><term>Lightning</term><term>Pandemics</term><term>Pneumonia, Viral</term><term>SARS-CoV-2</term></keywords></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">The outbreak of COVID-19 has now created the largest pandemic and the World health organization (WHO) has declared social distancing as the key precaution to confront such type of infections. Most of the countries have taken protective measures by the nationwide lockdown. The purpose of this study is to understand the effect of lockdown on air pollutants and to analyze pre-monsoon (April and May) cloud-to-ground and inter-cloud lightning activity in relation to air pollutants i.e. suspended Particulate matter (PM<sub>10</sub>), Nitrogen dioxides (NO<sub>2</sub>) Sulfur dioxide (SO<sub>2</sub>), Ozone (O<sub>3</sub>) and Aerosol concentration (AC) in a polluted tropical urban megacities like Kolkata. After the strict lockdown the pollutants rate has reduced by more than 40% from the pre-lockdown period in the Kolkata megacity. So, decreases of PM<sub>10</sub>, NO<sub>2</sub>, SO<sub>2</sub>, O<sub>3</sub> and AC have a greater effect on cloud lightning flashes in the pre-monsoon period. In the previous year (2019), the pre-monsoon average result shows a strong positive relation between the lightning and air pollutants; PM<sub>10</sub> (R<sup>2</sup> = 0.63), NO<sub>2</sub> (R<sup>2</sup> = 0.63), SO<sub>2</sub> (R<sup>2</sup> = 0.76), O<sub>3</sub> (R<sup>2</sup> = 0.68) and AC (R<sup>2</sup> = 0.83). The association was relatively low during the lock-down period (pre-monsoon 2020) and the R<sup>2</sup> values were 0.62, 0.60, 0.71, 0.64 and 0.80 respectively. Another thing is that the pre-monsoon (2020) lightning strikes decreased by 49.16% compared to the average of previous years (2010 to 2019). The overall study shows that the reduction of surface pollution in the thunderstorm environment is strongly related to the reduction of lightning activity where PM<sub>10</sub> and AC are the key pollutants in the Kolkata megacity.</div></front></TEI><pubmed><MedlineCitation Status="MEDLINE" IndexingMethod="Automated" Owner="NLM"><PMID Version="1">32771791</PMID><DateCompleted><Year>2020</Year><Month>10</Month><Day>20</Day></DateCompleted><DateRevised><Year>2021</Year><Month>01</Month><Day>10</Day></DateRevised><Article PubModel="Print-Electronic"><Journal><ISSN IssnType="Electronic">1879-1026</ISSN><JournalIssue CitedMedium="Internet"><Volume>747</Volume><PubDate><Year>2020</Year><Month>Dec</Month><Day>10</Day></PubDate></JournalIssue><Title>The Science of the total environment</Title><ISOAbbreviation>Sci Total Environ</ISOAbbreviation></Journal><ArticleTitle>Significant decrease of lightning activities during COVID-19 lockdown period over Kolkata megacity in India.</ArticleTitle><Pagination><MedlinePgn>141321</MedlinePgn></Pagination><ELocationID EIdType="pii" ValidYN="Y">S0048-9697(20)34850-6</ELocationID><ELocationID EIdType="doi" ValidYN="Y">10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.141321</ELocationID><Abstract><AbstractText>The outbreak of COVID-19 has now created the largest pandemic and the World health organization (WHO) has declared social distancing as the key precaution to confront such type of infections. Most of the countries have taken protective measures by the nationwide lockdown. The purpose of this study is to understand the effect of lockdown on air pollutants and to analyze pre-monsoon (April and May) cloud-to-ground and inter-cloud lightning activity in relation to air pollutants i.e. suspended Particulate matter (PM<sub>10</sub>), Nitrogen dioxides (NO<sub>2</sub>) Sulfur dioxide (SO<sub>2</sub>), Ozone (O<sub>3</sub>) and Aerosol concentration (AC) in a polluted tropical urban megacities like Kolkata. After the strict lockdown the pollutants rate has reduced by more than 40% from the pre-lockdown period in the Kolkata megacity. So, decreases of PM<sub>10</sub>, NO<sub>2</sub>, SO<sub>2</sub>, O<sub>3</sub> and AC have a greater effect on cloud lightning flashes in the pre-monsoon period. In the previous year (2019), the pre-monsoon average result shows a strong positive relation between the lightning and air pollutants; PM<sub>10</sub> (R<sup>2</sup> = 0.63), NO<sub>2</sub> (R<sup>2</sup> = 0.63), SO<sub>2</sub> (R<sup>2</sup> = 0.76), O<sub>3</sub> (R<sup>2</sup> = 0.68) and AC (R<sup>2</sup> = 0.83). The association was relatively low during the lock-down period (pre-monsoon 2020) and the R<sup>2</sup> values were 0.62, 0.60, 0.71, 0.64 and 0.80 respectively. Another thing is that the pre-monsoon (2020) lightning strikes decreased by 49.16% compared to the average of previous years (2010 to 2019). The overall study shows that the reduction of surface pollution in the thunderstorm environment is strongly related to the reduction of lightning activity where PM<sub>10</sub> and AC are the key pollutants in the Kolkata megacity.</AbstractText><CopyrightInformation>Copyright © 2020 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.</CopyrightInformation></Abstract><AuthorList CompleteYN="Y"><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Chowdhuri</LastName><ForeName>Indrajit</ForeName><Initials>I</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Geography, The University of Burdwan, West Bengal, India.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Pal</LastName><ForeName>Subodh Chandra</ForeName><Initials>SC</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Geography, The University of Burdwan, West Bengal, India. Electronic address: geo.subodh@gmail.com.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Saha</LastName><ForeName>Asish</ForeName><Initials>A</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Geography, The University of Burdwan, West Bengal, India.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Chakrabortty</LastName><ForeName>Rabin</ForeName><Initials>R</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Geography, The University of Burdwan, West Bengal, India.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Ghosh</LastName><ForeName>Manoranjan</ForeName><Initials>M</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Rural Development Centre, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, West Bengal, India.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Roy</LastName><ForeName>Paramita</ForeName><Initials>P</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Geography, The University of Burdwan, West Bengal, India.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author></AuthorList><Language>eng</Language><PublicationTypeList><PublicationType UI="D016428">Journal Article</PublicationType></PublicationTypeList><ArticleDate DateType="Electronic"><Year>2020</Year><Month>07</Month><Day>28</Day></ArticleDate></Article><MedlineJournalInfo><Country>Netherlands</Country><MedlineTA>Sci Total Environ</MedlineTA><NlmUniqueID>0330500</NlmUniqueID><ISSNLinking>0048-9697</ISSNLinking></MedlineJournalInfo><ChemicalList><Chemical><RegistryNumber>0</RegistryNumber><NameOfSubstance UI="D000393">Air Pollutants</NameOfSubstance></Chemical><Chemical><RegistryNumber>0</RegistryNumber><NameOfSubstance UI="D052638">Particulate Matter</NameOfSubstance></Chemical><Chemical><RegistryNumber>0UZA3422Q4</RegistryNumber><NameOfSubstance UI="D013458">Sulfur Dioxide</NameOfSubstance></Chemical><Chemical><RegistryNumber>66H7ZZK23N</RegistryNumber><NameOfSubstance UI="D010126">Ozone</NameOfSubstance></Chemical><Chemical><RegistryNumber>S7G510RUBH</RegistryNumber><NameOfSubstance UI="D009585">Nitrogen Dioxide</NameOfSubstance></Chemical></ChemicalList><CitationSubset>IM</CitationSubset><MeshHeadingList><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D000393" MajorTopicYN="Y">Air Pollutants</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000032" MajorTopicYN="N">analysis</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D000397" MajorTopicYN="Y">Air Pollution</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000032" MajorTopicYN="N">analysis</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D000073640" MajorTopicYN="N">Betacoronavirus</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D000086382" MajorTopicYN="N">COVID-19</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D018352" MajorTopicYN="Y">Coronavirus Infections</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D006801" MajorTopicYN="N">Humans</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D007194" MajorTopicYN="N" Type="Geographic">India</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D008030" MajorTopicYN="Y">Lightning</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D009585" MajorTopicYN="N">Nitrogen Dioxide</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000032" MajorTopicYN="N">analysis</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D010126" MajorTopicYN="Y">Ozone</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000032" MajorTopicYN="N">analysis</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D058873" MajorTopicYN="Y">Pandemics</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D052638" MajorTopicYN="N">Particulate Matter</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000032" MajorTopicYN="N">analysis</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D011024" MajorTopicYN="Y">Pneumonia, Viral</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D000086402" MajorTopicYN="N">SARS-CoV-2</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D013458" MajorTopicYN="N">Sulfur Dioxide</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000032" MajorTopicYN="N">analysis</QualifierName></MeshHeading></MeshHeadingList><KeywordList Owner="NOTNLM"><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">Air pollutant</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">COVID-19</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">Lightning</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">Lockdown</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">Thunderstorm</Keyword></KeywordList><CoiStatement>Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.</CoiStatement></MedlineCitation><PubmedData><History><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="received"><Year>2020</Year><Month>05</Month><Day>25</Day></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="revised"><Year>2020</Year><Month>07</Month><Day>19</Day></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="accepted"><Year>2020</Year><Month>07</Month><Day>27</Day></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="pubmed"><Year>2020</Year><Month>8</Month><Day>11</Day><Hour>6</Hour><Minute>0</Minute></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="medline"><Year>2020</Year><Month>10</Month><Day>21</Day><Hour>6</Hour><Minute>0</Minute></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="entrez"><Year>2020</Year><Month>8</Month><Day>11</Day><Hour>6</Hour><Minute>0</Minute></PubMedPubDate></History><PublicationStatus>ppublish</PublicationStatus><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">32771791</ArticleId><ArticleId IdType="pii">S0048-9697(20)34850-6</ArticleId><ArticleId IdType="doi">10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.141321</ArticleId><ArticleId IdType="pmc">PMC7385625</ArticleId></ArticleIdList><ReferenceList><Reference><Citation>Sci Total Environ. 2020 Aug 25;732:139282</Citation><ArticleIdList><ArticleId 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