Impacts of COVID-19 lockdown, Spring Festival and meteorology on the NO2 variations in early 2020 over China based on in-situ observations, satellite retrievals and model simulations.
Identifieur interne : 001420 ( Main/Corpus ); précédent : 001419; suivant : 001421Impacts of COVID-19 lockdown, Spring Festival and meteorology on the NO2 variations in early 2020 over China based on in-situ observations, satellite retrievals and model simulations.
Auteurs : Zhe Wang ; Itsushi Uno ; Keiya Yumimoto ; Syuichi Itahashi ; Xueshun Chen ; Wenyi Yang ; Zifa WangSource :
- Atmospheric environment (Oxford, England : 1994) [ 1352-2310 ] ; 2021.
Abstract
The lockdown measures due to COVID-19 affected the industry, transportation and other human activities within China in early 2020, and subsequently the emissions of air pollutants. The decrease of atmospheric NO2 due to the COVID-19 lockdown and other factors were quantitively analyzed based on the surface concentrations by in-situ observations, the tropospheric vertical column densities (VCDs) by different satellite retrievals including OMI and TROPOMI, and the model simulations by GEOS-Chem. The results indicated that due to the COVID-19 lockdown, the surface NO2 concentrations decreased by 42% ± 8% and 26% ± 9% over China in February and March 2020, respectively. The tropospheric NO2 VCDs based on both OMI and high quality (quality assurance value (QA) ≥ 0.75) TROPOMI showed similar results as the surface NO2 concentrations. The daily variations of atmospheric NO2 during the first quarter (Q1) of 2020 were not only affected by the COVID-19 lockdown, but also by the Spring Festival (SF) holiday (January 24-30, 2020) as well as the meteorology changes due to seasonal transition. The SF holiday effect resulted in a NO2 reduction from 8 days before SF to 21 days after it (i.e. January 17 - February 15), with a maximum of 37%. From the 6 days after SF (January 31) to the end of March, the COVID-19 lockdown played an important role in the NO2 reduction, with a maximum of 51%. The meteorology changes due to seasonal transition resulted in a nearly linear decreasing trend of 25% and 40% reduction over the 90 days for the NO2 concentrations and VCDs, respectively. Comparisons between different datasets indicated that medium quality (QA ≥ 0.5) TROPOMI retrievals might suffer large biases in some periods, and thus attention must be paid when they are used for analyses, data assimilations and emission inversions.
DOI: 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2020.117972
PubMed: 33013178
PubMed Central: PMC7521432
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University, Fukuoka, 8168580, Japan.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Yumimoto, Keiya" sort="Yumimoto, Keiya" uniqKey="Yumimoto K" first="Keiya" last="Yumimoto">Keiya Yumimoto</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Research Institute for Applied Mechanics (RIAM), Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 8168580, Japan.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Itahashi, Syuichi" sort="Itahashi, Syuichi" uniqKey="Itahashi S" first="Syuichi" last="Itahashi">Syuichi Itahashi</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Environmental Science Research Laboratory, Central Research Institute of Electric Power Industry (CRIEPI), Chiba, 270-1194, Japan.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Chen, Xueshun" sort="Chen, Xueshun" uniqKey="Chen X" first="Xueshun" last="Chen">Xueshun Chen</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry (LAPC), Institute of Atmospheric Physics (IAP), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, 100029, China.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Yang, Wenyi" sort="Yang, Wenyi" uniqKey="Yang W" first="Wenyi" last="Yang">Wenyi Yang</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry (LAPC), Institute of Atmospheric Physics (IAP), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, 100029, China.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wang, Zifa" sort="Wang, Zifa" uniqKey="Wang Z" first="Zifa" last="Wang">Zifa Wang</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry (LAPC), Institute of Atmospheric Physics (IAP), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, 100029, China.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>College of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS), Beijing, 100049, China.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Center for Excellence in Urban Atmospheric Environment, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, 361021, China.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PubMed</idno><date when="2021">2021</date><idno type="RBID">pubmed:33013178</idno><idno type="pmid">33013178</idno><idno type="doi">10.1016/j.atmosenv.2020.117972</idno><idno type="pmc">PMC7521432</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Corpus">001420</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Main" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PubMed">001420</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en">Impacts of COVID-19 lockdown, Spring Festival and meteorology on the NO<sub>2</sub> variations in early 2020 over China based on in-situ observations, satellite retrievals and model simulations.</title><author><name sortKey="Wang, Zhe" sort="Wang, Zhe" uniqKey="Wang Z" first="Zhe" last="Wang">Zhe Wang</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Research Institute for Applied Mechanics (RIAM), Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 8168580, Japan.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry (LAPC), Institute of Atmospheric Physics (IAP), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, 100029, China.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Uno, Itsushi" sort="Uno, Itsushi" uniqKey="Uno I" first="Itsushi" last="Uno">Itsushi Uno</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Research Institute for Applied Mechanics (RIAM), Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 8168580, Japan.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Yumimoto, Keiya" sort="Yumimoto, Keiya" uniqKey="Yumimoto K" first="Keiya" last="Yumimoto">Keiya Yumimoto</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Research Institute for Applied Mechanics (RIAM), Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 8168580, Japan.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Itahashi, Syuichi" sort="Itahashi, Syuichi" uniqKey="Itahashi S" first="Syuichi" last="Itahashi">Syuichi Itahashi</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Environmental Science Research Laboratory, Central Research Institute of Electric Power Industry (CRIEPI), Chiba, 270-1194, Japan.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Chen, Xueshun" sort="Chen, Xueshun" uniqKey="Chen X" first="Xueshun" last="Chen">Xueshun Chen</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry (LAPC), Institute of Atmospheric Physics (IAP), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, 100029, China.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Yang, Wenyi" sort="Yang, Wenyi" uniqKey="Yang W" first="Wenyi" last="Yang">Wenyi Yang</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry (LAPC), Institute of Atmospheric Physics (IAP), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, 100029, China.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wang, Zifa" sort="Wang, Zifa" uniqKey="Wang Z" first="Zifa" last="Wang">Zifa Wang</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry (LAPC), Institute of Atmospheric Physics (IAP), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, 100029, China.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>College of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS), Beijing, 100049, China.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Center for Excellence in Urban Atmospheric Environment, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, 361021, China.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">Atmospheric environment (Oxford, England : 1994)</title><idno type="ISSN">1352-2310</idno><imprint><date when="2021" type="published">2021</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">The lockdown measures due to COVID-19 affected the industry, transportation and other human activities within China in early 2020, and subsequently the emissions of air pollutants. The decrease of atmospheric NO<sub>2</sub> due to the COVID-19 lockdown and other factors were quantitively analyzed based on the surface concentrations by in-situ observations, the tropospheric vertical column densities (VCDs) by different satellite retrievals including OMI and TROPOMI, and the model simulations by GEOS-Chem. The results indicated that due to the COVID-19 lockdown, the surface NO<sub>2</sub> concentrations decreased by 42% ± 8% and 26% ± 9% over China in February and March 2020, respectively. The tropospheric NO<sub>2</sub> VCDs based on both OMI and high quality (quality assurance value (QA) ≥ 0.75) TROPOMI showed similar results as the surface NO<sub>2</sub> concentrations. The daily variations of atmospheric NO<sub>2</sub> during the first quarter (Q1) of 2020 were not only affected by the COVID-19 lockdown, but also by the Spring Festival (SF) holiday (January 24-30, 2020) as well as the meteorology changes due to seasonal transition. The SF holiday effect resulted in a NO<sub>2</sub> reduction from 8 days before SF to 21 days after it (i.e. January 17 - February 15), with a maximum of 37%. From the 6 days after SF (January 31) to the end of March, the COVID-19 lockdown played an important role in the NO<sub>2</sub> reduction, with a maximum of 51%. The meteorology changes due to seasonal transition resulted in a nearly linear decreasing trend of 25% and 40% reduction over the 90 days for the NO<sub>2</sub> concentrations and VCDs, respectively. Comparisons between different datasets indicated that medium quality (QA ≥ 0.5) TROPOMI retrievals might suffer large biases in some periods, and thus attention must be paid when they are used for analyses, data assimilations and emission inversions.</div></front></TEI><pubmed><MedlineCitation Status="PubMed-not-MEDLINE" Owner="NLM"><PMID Version="1">33013178</PMID><DateRevised><Year>2020</Year><Month>10</Month><Day>06</Day></DateRevised><Article PubModel="Print-Electronic"><Journal><ISSN IssnType="Print">1352-2310</ISSN><JournalIssue CitedMedium="Print"><Volume>244</Volume><PubDate><Year>2021</Year><Month>Jan</Month><Day>01</Day></PubDate></JournalIssue><Title>Atmospheric environment (Oxford, England : 1994)</Title><ISOAbbreviation>Atmos Environ (1994)</ISOAbbreviation></Journal><ArticleTitle>Impacts of COVID-19 lockdown, Spring Festival and meteorology on the NO<sub>2</sub> variations in early 2020 over China based on in-situ observations, satellite retrievals and model simulations.</ArticleTitle><Pagination><MedlinePgn>117972</MedlinePgn></Pagination><ELocationID EIdType="doi" ValidYN="Y">10.1016/j.atmosenv.2020.117972</ELocationID><Abstract><AbstractText>The lockdown measures due to COVID-19 affected the industry, transportation and other human activities within China in early 2020, and subsequently the emissions of air pollutants. The decrease of atmospheric NO<sub>2</sub> due to the COVID-19 lockdown and other factors were quantitively analyzed based on the surface concentrations by in-situ observations, the tropospheric vertical column densities (VCDs) by different satellite retrievals including OMI and TROPOMI, and the model simulations by GEOS-Chem. The results indicated that due to the COVID-19 lockdown, the surface NO<sub>2</sub> concentrations decreased by 42% ± 8% and 26% ± 9% over China in February and March 2020, respectively. The tropospheric NO<sub>2</sub> VCDs based on both OMI and high quality (quality assurance value (QA) ≥ 0.75) TROPOMI showed similar results as the surface NO<sub>2</sub> concentrations. The daily variations of atmospheric NO<sub>2</sub> during the first quarter (Q1) of 2020 were not only affected by the COVID-19 lockdown, but also by the Spring Festival (SF) holiday (January 24-30, 2020) as well as the meteorology changes due to seasonal transition. The SF holiday effect resulted in a NO<sub>2</sub> reduction from 8 days before SF to 21 days after it (i.e. January 17 - February 15), with a maximum of 37%. From the 6 days after SF (January 31) to the end of March, the COVID-19 lockdown played an important role in the NO<sub>2</sub> reduction, with a maximum of 51%. The meteorology changes due to seasonal transition resulted in a nearly linear decreasing trend of 25% and 40% reduction over the 90 days for the NO<sub>2</sub> concentrations and VCDs, respectively. Comparisons between different datasets indicated that medium quality (QA ≥ 0.5) TROPOMI retrievals might suffer large biases in some periods, and thus attention must be paid when they are used for analyses, data assimilations and emission inversions.</AbstractText><CopyrightInformation>© 2020 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.</CopyrightInformation></Abstract><AuthorList CompleteYN="Y"><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Wang</LastName><ForeName>Zhe</ForeName><Initials>Z</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Research Institute for Applied Mechanics (RIAM), Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 8168580, Japan.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry (LAPC), Institute of Atmospheric Physics (IAP), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, 100029, China.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Uno</LastName><ForeName>Itsushi</ForeName><Initials>I</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Research Institute for Applied Mechanics (RIAM), Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 8168580, Japan.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Yumimoto</LastName><ForeName>Keiya</ForeName><Initials>K</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Research Institute for Applied Mechanics (RIAM), Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 8168580, Japan.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Itahashi</LastName><ForeName>Syuichi</ForeName><Initials>S</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Environmental Science Research Laboratory, Central Research Institute of Electric Power Industry (CRIEPI), Chiba, 270-1194, Japan.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Chen</LastName><ForeName>Xueshun</ForeName><Initials>X</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry (LAPC), Institute of Atmospheric Physics (IAP), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, 100029, China.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Yang</LastName><ForeName>Wenyi</ForeName><Initials>W</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry (LAPC), Institute of Atmospheric Physics (IAP), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, 100029, China.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Wang</LastName><ForeName>Zifa</ForeName><Initials>Z</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry (LAPC), Institute of Atmospheric Physics (IAP), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, 100029, China.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>College of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS), Beijing, 100049, China.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Center for Excellence in Urban Atmospheric Environment, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, 361021, China.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author></AuthorList><Language>eng</Language><PublicationTypeList><PublicationType UI="D016428">Journal Article</PublicationType></PublicationTypeList><ArticleDate DateType="Electronic"><Year>2020</Year><Month>09</Month><Day>28</Day></ArticleDate></Article><MedlineJournalInfo><Country>England</Country><MedlineTA>Atmos Environ (1994)</MedlineTA><NlmUniqueID>9888534</NlmUniqueID><ISSNLinking>1352-2310</ISSNLinking></MedlineJournalInfo><KeywordList Owner="NOTNLM"><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">COVID-19</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">China</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">GEOS-Chem</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">NO2</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">OMI</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">TROPOMI</Keyword></KeywordList><CoiStatement>The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.</CoiStatement></MedlineCitation><PubmedData><History><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="received"><Year>2020</Year><Month>07</Month><Day>15</Day></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="revised"><Year>2020</Year><Month>09</Month><Day>23</Day></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="accepted"><Year>2020</Year><Month>09</Month><Day>25</Day></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="entrez"><Year>2020</Year><Month>10</Month><Day>5</Day><Hour>6</Hour><Minute>13</Minute></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="pubmed"><Year>2020</Year><Month>10</Month><Day>6</Day><Hour>6</Hour><Minute>0</Minute></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="medline"><Year>2020</Year><Month>10</Month><Day>6</Day><Hour>6</Hour><Minute>1</Minute></PubMedPubDate></History><PublicationStatus>ppublish</PublicationStatus><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">33013178</ArticleId><ArticleId IdType="doi">10.1016/j.atmosenv.2020.117972</ArticleId><ArticleId IdType="pii">S1352-2310(20)30706-8</ArticleId><ArticleId IdType="pmc">PMC7521432</ArticleId></ArticleIdList><pmc-dir>pmcsd</pmc-dir>
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