Source-Receptor Relationship Revealed by the Halted Traffic and Aggravated Haze in Beijing during the COVID-19 Lockdown.
Identifieur interne : 000B46 ( Main/Corpus ); précédent : 000B45; suivant : 000B47Source-Receptor Relationship Revealed by the Halted Traffic and Aggravated Haze in Beijing during the COVID-19 Lockdown.
Auteurs : Zhaofeng Lv ; Xiaotong Wang ; Fanyuan Deng ; Qi Ying ; Alexander T. Archibald ; Roderic L. Jones ; Yan Ding ; Ying Cheng ; Mingliang Fu ; Ying Liu ; Hanyang Man ; Zhigang Xue ; Kebin He ; Jiming Hao ; Huan LiuSource :
- Environmental science & technology [ 1520-5851 ] ; 2020.
English descriptors
- KwdEn :
- MESH :
- chemical , analysis : Air Pollutants, Particulate Matter, Vehicle Emissions.
- geographic : Beijing, China.
- analysis : Air Pollution.
- COVID-19, Environmental Monitoring, Humans, Pandemics, SARS-CoV-2.
Abstract
The COVID-19 outbreak greatly limited human activities and reduced primary emissions particularly from urban on-road vehicles but coincided with Beijing experiencing "pandemic haze," raising the public concerns about the effectiveness of imposed traffic policies to improve the air quality. This paper explores the relationship between local vehicle emissions and the winter haze in Beijing before and during the COVID-19 lockdown based on an integrated analysis framework, which combines a real-time on-road emission inventory, in situ air quality observations, and a localized numerical modeling system. We found that traffic emissions decreased substantially during the COVID-19 pandemic, but its imbalanced emission abatement of NOx (76%, 125.3 Mg/day) and volatile organic compounds (VOCs, 53%, 52.9 Mg/day) led to a significant rise of atmospheric oxidants in urban areas, resulting in a modest increase in secondary aerosols due to inadequate precursors, which still offset reduced primary emissions. Moreover, the enhanced oxidizing capacity in the surrounding regions greatly increased the secondary particles with relatively abundant precursors, which was transported into Beijing and mainly responsible for the aggravated haze pollution. We recommend that mitigation policies should focus on accelerating VOC emission reduction and synchronously controlling regional sources to release the benefits of local traffic emission control.
DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c04941
PubMed: 33225703
PubMed Central: PMC7724757
Links to Exploration step
pubmed:33225703Le document en format XML
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Protection Key Laboratory of Sources and Control of Air Pollution Complex, International Joint Laboratory on Low Carbon Clean Energy Innovation, School of the Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PubMed</idno><date when="2020">2020</date><idno type="RBID">pubmed:33225703</idno><idno type="pmid">33225703</idno><idno type="doi">10.1021/acs.est.0c04941</idno><idno type="pmc">PMC7724757</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Corpus">000B46</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Main" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PubMed">000B46</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en">Source-Receptor Relationship Revealed by the Halted Traffic and Aggravated Haze in Beijing during the COVID-19 Lockdown.</title><author><name sortKey="Lv, Zhaofeng" sort="Lv, Zhaofeng" uniqKey="Lv Z" first="Zhaofeng" last="Lv">Zhaofeng Lv</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>State Key Joint Laboratory of ESPC, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Sources and Control of Air Pollution Complex, International Joint Laboratory on Low Carbon Clean Energy Innovation, School of the Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wang, Xiaotong" sort="Wang, Xiaotong" uniqKey="Wang X" first="Xiaotong" last="Wang">Xiaotong Wang</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>State Key Joint Laboratory of ESPC, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Sources and Control of Air Pollution Complex, International Joint Laboratory on Low Carbon Clean Energy Innovation, School of the Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Deng, Fanyuan" sort="Deng, Fanyuan" uniqKey="Deng F" first="Fanyuan" last="Deng">Fanyuan Deng</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>State Key Joint Laboratory of ESPC, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Sources and Control of Air Pollution Complex, International Joint Laboratory on Low Carbon Clean Energy Innovation, School of the Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ying, Qi" sort="Ying, Qi" uniqKey="Ying Q" first="Qi" last="Ying">Qi Ying</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Zachry Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Archibald, Alexander T" sort="Archibald, Alexander T" uniqKey="Archibald A" first="Alexander T" last="Archibald">Alexander T. Archibald</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Centre for Atmospheric Science, Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1EW, U.K.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Jones, Roderic L" sort="Jones, Roderic L" uniqKey="Jones R" first="Roderic L" last="Jones">Roderic L. Jones</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Centre for Atmospheric Science, Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1EW, U.K.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ding, Yan" sort="Ding, Yan" uniqKey="Ding Y" first="Yan" last="Ding">Yan Ding</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Cheng, Ying" sort="Cheng, Ying" uniqKey="Cheng Y" first="Ying" last="Cheng">Ying Cheng</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Beijing Transport Institute, Beijing 100073, China.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Fu, Mingliang" sort="Fu, Mingliang" uniqKey="Fu M" first="Mingliang" last="Fu">Mingliang Fu</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Liu, Ying" sort="Liu, Ying" uniqKey="Liu Y" first="Ying" last="Liu">Ying Liu</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Beijing Transport Institute, Beijing 100073, China.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Man, Hanyang" sort="Man, Hanyang" uniqKey="Man H" first="Hanyang" last="Man">Hanyang Man</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>State Key Joint Laboratory of ESPC, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Sources and Control of Air Pollution Complex, International Joint Laboratory on Low Carbon Clean Energy Innovation, School of the Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Xue, Zhigang" sort="Xue, Zhigang" uniqKey="Xue Z" first="Zhigang" last="Xue">Zhigang Xue</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="He, Kebin" sort="He, Kebin" uniqKey="He K" first="Kebin" last="He">Kebin He</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>State Key Joint Laboratory of ESPC, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Sources and Control of Air Pollution Complex, International Joint Laboratory on Low Carbon Clean Energy Innovation, School of the Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hao, Jiming" sort="Hao, Jiming" uniqKey="Hao J" first="Jiming" last="Hao">Jiming Hao</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>State Key Joint Laboratory of ESPC, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Sources and Control of Air Pollution Complex, International Joint Laboratory on Low Carbon Clean Energy Innovation, School of the Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Liu, Huan" sort="Liu, Huan" uniqKey="Liu H" first="Huan" last="Liu">Huan Liu</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>State Key Joint Laboratory of ESPC, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Sources and Control of Air Pollution Complex, International Joint Laboratory on Low Carbon Clean Energy Innovation, School of the Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">Environmental science & technology</title><idno type="eISSN">1520-5851</idno><imprint><date when="2020" type="published">2020</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass><keywords scheme="KwdEn" xml:lang="en"><term>Air Pollutants (analysis)</term><term>Air Pollution (analysis)</term><term>Beijing (MeSH)</term><term>COVID-19 (MeSH)</term><term>China (MeSH)</term><term>Environmental Monitoring (MeSH)</term><term>Humans (MeSH)</term><term>Pandemics (MeSH)</term><term>Particulate Matter (analysis)</term><term>SARS-CoV-2 (MeSH)</term><term>Vehicle Emissions (analysis)</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" type="chemical" qualifier="analysis" xml:lang="en"><term>Air Pollutants</term><term>Particulate Matter</term><term>Vehicle Emissions</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" type="geographic" xml:lang="en"><term>Beijing</term><term>China</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="analysis" xml:lang="en"><term>Air Pollution</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="en"><term>COVID-19</term><term>Environmental Monitoring</term><term>Humans</term><term>Pandemics</term><term>SARS-CoV-2</term></keywords></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">The COVID-19 outbreak greatly limited human activities and reduced primary emissions particularly from urban on-road vehicles but coincided with Beijing experiencing "pandemic haze," raising the public concerns about the effectiveness of imposed traffic policies to improve the air quality. This paper explores the relationship between local vehicle emissions and the winter haze in Beijing before and during the COVID-19 lockdown based on an integrated analysis framework, which combines a real-time on-road emission inventory, in situ air quality observations, and a localized numerical modeling system. We found that traffic emissions decreased substantially during the COVID-19 pandemic, but its imbalanced emission abatement of NO<i><sub>x</sub></i> (76%, 125.3 Mg/day) and volatile organic compounds (VOCs, 53%, 52.9 Mg/day) led to a significant rise of atmospheric oxidants in urban areas, resulting in a modest increase in secondary aerosols due to inadequate precursors, which still offset reduced primary emissions. Moreover, the enhanced oxidizing capacity in the surrounding regions greatly increased the secondary particles with relatively abundant precursors, which was transported into Beijing and mainly responsible for the aggravated haze pollution. We recommend that mitigation policies should focus on accelerating VOC emission reduction and synchronously controlling regional sources to release the benefits of local traffic emission control.</div></front></TEI><pubmed><MedlineCitation Status="MEDLINE" IndexingMethod="Automated" Owner="NLM"><PMID Version="1">33225703</PMID><DateCompleted><Year>2020</Year><Month>12</Month><Day>17</Day></DateCompleted><DateRevised><Year>2021</Year><Month>01</Month><Day>10</Day></DateRevised><Article PubModel="Print-Electronic"><Journal><ISSN IssnType="Electronic">1520-5851</ISSN><JournalIssue CitedMedium="Internet"><Volume>54</Volume><Issue>24</Issue><PubDate><Year>2020</Year><Month>12</Month><Day>15</Day></PubDate></JournalIssue><Title>Environmental science & technology</Title><ISOAbbreviation>Environ Sci Technol</ISOAbbreviation></Journal><ArticleTitle>Source-Receptor Relationship Revealed by the Halted Traffic and Aggravated Haze in Beijing during the COVID-19 Lockdown.</ArticleTitle><Pagination><MedlinePgn>15660-15670</MedlinePgn></Pagination><ELocationID EIdType="doi" ValidYN="Y">10.1021/acs.est.0c04941</ELocationID><Abstract><AbstractText>The COVID-19 outbreak greatly limited human activities and reduced primary emissions particularly from urban on-road vehicles but coincided with Beijing experiencing "pandemic haze," raising the public concerns about the effectiveness of imposed traffic policies to improve the air quality. This paper explores the relationship between local vehicle emissions and the winter haze in Beijing before and during the COVID-19 lockdown based on an integrated analysis framework, which combines a real-time on-road emission inventory, in situ air quality observations, and a localized numerical modeling system. We found that traffic emissions decreased substantially during the COVID-19 pandemic, but its imbalanced emission abatement of NO<i><sub>x</sub></i> (76%, 125.3 Mg/day) and volatile organic compounds (VOCs, 53%, 52.9 Mg/day) led to a significant rise of atmospheric oxidants in urban areas, resulting in a modest increase in secondary aerosols due to inadequate precursors, which still offset reduced primary emissions. Moreover, the enhanced oxidizing capacity in the surrounding regions greatly increased the secondary particles with relatively abundant precursors, which was transported into Beijing and mainly responsible for the aggravated haze pollution. We recommend that mitigation policies should focus on accelerating VOC emission reduction and synchronously controlling regional sources to release the benefits of local traffic emission control.</AbstractText></Abstract><AuthorList CompleteYN="Y"><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Lv</LastName><ForeName>Zhaofeng</ForeName><Initials>Z</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>State Key Joint Laboratory of ESPC, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Sources and Control of Air Pollution Complex, International Joint Laboratory on Low Carbon Clean Energy Innovation, School of the Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Wang</LastName><ForeName>Xiaotong</ForeName><Initials>X</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>State Key Joint Laboratory of ESPC, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Sources and Control of Air Pollution Complex, International Joint Laboratory on Low Carbon Clean Energy Innovation, School of the Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Deng</LastName><ForeName>Fanyuan</ForeName><Initials>F</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>State Key Joint Laboratory of ESPC, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Sources and Control of Air Pollution Complex, International Joint Laboratory on Low Carbon Clean Energy Innovation, School of the Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Ying</LastName><ForeName>Qi</ForeName><Initials>Q</Initials><Identifier Source="ORCID">0000-0002-4560-433X</Identifier><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Zachry Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Archibald</LastName><ForeName>Alexander T</ForeName><Initials>AT</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Centre for Atmospheric Science, Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1EW, U.K.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Jones</LastName><ForeName>Roderic L</ForeName><Initials>RL</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Centre for Atmospheric Science, Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1EW, U.K.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Ding</LastName><ForeName>Yan</ForeName><Initials>Y</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Cheng</LastName><ForeName>Ying</ForeName><Initials>Y</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Beijing Transport Institute, Beijing 100073, China.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Fu</LastName><ForeName>Mingliang</ForeName><Initials>M</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Liu</LastName><ForeName>Ying</ForeName><Initials>Y</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Beijing Transport Institute, Beijing 100073, China.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Man</LastName><ForeName>Hanyang</ForeName><Initials>H</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>State Key Joint Laboratory of ESPC, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Sources and Control of Air Pollution Complex, International Joint Laboratory on Low Carbon Clean Energy Innovation, School of the Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Xue</LastName><ForeName>Zhigang</ForeName><Initials>Z</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>He</LastName><ForeName>Kebin</ForeName><Initials>K</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>State Key Joint Laboratory of ESPC, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Sources and Control of Air Pollution Complex, International Joint Laboratory on Low Carbon Clean Energy Innovation, School of the Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Hao</LastName><ForeName>Jiming</ForeName><Initials>J</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>State Key Joint Laboratory of ESPC, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Sources and Control of Air Pollution Complex, International Joint Laboratory on Low Carbon Clean Energy Innovation, School of the Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Liu</LastName><ForeName>Huan</ForeName><Initials>H</Initials><Identifier Source="ORCID">0000-0002-2217-0591</Identifier><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>State Key Joint Laboratory of ESPC, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Sources and Control of Air Pollution Complex, International Joint Laboratory on Low Carbon Clean Energy Innovation, School of the Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author></AuthorList><Language>eng</Language><PublicationTypeList><PublicationType UI="D016428">Journal Article</PublicationType><PublicationType UI="D013485">Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't</PublicationType></PublicationTypeList><ArticleDate DateType="Electronic"><Year>2020</Year><Month>11</Month><Day>22</Day></ArticleDate></Article><MedlineJournalInfo><Country>United States</Country><MedlineTA>Environ Sci 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