Psychological Health Issues Subsequent to SARS-Cov 2 Restrictive Measures: The Role of Parental Bonding and Attachment Style.
Identifieur interne : 000723 ( Main/Corpus ); précédent : 000722; suivant : 000724Psychological Health Issues Subsequent to SARS-Cov 2 Restrictive Measures: The Role of Parental Bonding and Attachment Style.
Auteurs : Silvia Bussone ; Chiara Pesca ; Renata Tambelli ; Valeria CarolaSource :
- Frontiers in psychiatry [ 1664-0640 ] ; 2020.
Abstract
Background: The novel coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) has caused severe panic among people worldwide. In Italy, a nationwide state of alert was declared on January 31st, leading to the confinement of the entire population from March 11 to May 18, 2020. Isolation and quarantine measures cause psychological problems, especially for individuals who are recognized as being vulnerable. Parental bonding and attachment styles play a role in the programming of the stress response system. Here, we hypothesize that the response to restricted social contact and mobility due to the pandemic has detrimental effects on mental-psychological health and that this relationship is, at least in part, modulated by parental bonding and attachment relationships that are experienced at an early age. Methods: A sample of 68 volunteer University students was screened for psychopathological symptoms (SCL-90-R and STAI-Y), stress perception (PSS), attachment style (RQ), and parental care and overcontrol (PBI) 6 months before the confinement. In the same subjects, psychopathological symptoms and stress perception were measured again during confinement. Results: Overall, psychological health and stress management deteriorated across the entire sample during confinement. Specifically, a significant increase in phobic anxiety, depression, psychological distress, and perceived stress was observed. Notably, parental bonding and attachment styles modulated the psychological status during the lockdown. Individuals with secure attachment and high levels of parental care (high care) showed increased levels of state anxiety and perceived stress in phase 2, compared with phase 1. In contrast, individuals with insecure attachment and low levels of parental care (low care) already showed a high rate of state anxiety and perceived stress in phase 1 that did not increase further during phase 2. Conclusion: The general deterioration of psychological health in the entire sample demonstrates the pervasiveness of this stressor, a decline that is partially modulated by attachment style and parental bonding. These results implicated disparate sensitivities to environmental changes in the high- and low care groups during the lockdown, the former of which shows the greatest flexibility in the response to environment, suggesting adequate and functional response to stress in high care individuals, which is not observable in the low care group.
DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.589444
PubMed: 33329138
PubMed Central: PMC7672158
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<record><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">Psychological Health Issues Subsequent to SARS-Cov 2 Restrictive Measures: The Role of Parental Bonding and Attachment Style.</title><author><name sortKey="Bussone, Silvia" sort="Bussone, Silvia" uniqKey="Bussone S" first="Silvia" last="Bussone">Silvia Bussone</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Dynamic and Clinical Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Pesca, Chiara" sort="Pesca, Chiara" uniqKey="Pesca C" first="Chiara" last="Pesca">Chiara Pesca</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Dynamic and Clinical Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Tambelli, Renata" sort="Tambelli, Renata" uniqKey="Tambelli R" first="Renata" last="Tambelli">Renata Tambelli</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Dynamic and Clinical Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Carola, Valeria" sort="Carola, Valeria" uniqKey="Carola V" first="Valeria" last="Carola">Valeria Carola</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Dynamic and Clinical Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Experimental Neuroscience, Santa Lucia Foundation IRCCS-Rome, Rome, Italy.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PubMed</idno><date when="2020">2020</date><idno type="RBID">pubmed:33329138</idno><idno type="pmid">33329138</idno><idno type="doi">10.3389/fpsyt.2020.589444</idno><idno type="pmc">PMC7672158</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Corpus">000723</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Main" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PubMed">000723</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en">Psychological Health Issues Subsequent to SARS-Cov 2 Restrictive Measures: The Role of Parental Bonding and Attachment Style.</title><author><name sortKey="Bussone, Silvia" sort="Bussone, Silvia" uniqKey="Bussone S" first="Silvia" last="Bussone">Silvia Bussone</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Dynamic and Clinical Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Pesca, Chiara" sort="Pesca, Chiara" uniqKey="Pesca C" first="Chiara" last="Pesca">Chiara Pesca</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Dynamic and Clinical Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Tambelli, Renata" sort="Tambelli, Renata" uniqKey="Tambelli R" first="Renata" last="Tambelli">Renata Tambelli</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Dynamic and Clinical Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Carola, Valeria" sort="Carola, Valeria" uniqKey="Carola V" first="Valeria" last="Carola">Valeria Carola</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Dynamic and Clinical Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Experimental Neuroscience, Santa Lucia Foundation IRCCS-Rome, Rome, Italy.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">Frontiers in psychiatry</title><idno type="ISSN">1664-0640</idno><imprint><date when="2020" type="published">2020</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><b>Background:</b> The novel coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) has caused severe panic among people worldwide. In Italy, a nationwide state of alert was declared on January 31st, leading to the confinement of the entire population from March 11 to May 18, 2020. Isolation and quarantine measures cause psychological problems, especially for individuals who are recognized as being vulnerable. Parental bonding and attachment styles play a role in the programming of the stress response system. Here, we hypothesize that the response to restricted social contact and mobility due to the pandemic has detrimental effects on mental-psychological health and that this relationship is, at least in part, modulated by parental bonding and attachment relationships that are experienced at an early age. <b>Methods:</b> A sample of 68 volunteer University students was screened for psychopathological symptoms (SCL-90-R and STAI-Y), stress perception (PSS), attachment style (RQ), and parental care and overcontrol (PBI) 6 months before the confinement. In the same subjects, psychopathological symptoms and stress perception were measured again during confinement. <b>Results:</b> Overall, psychological health and stress management deteriorated across the entire sample during confinement. Specifically, a significant increase in phobic anxiety, depression, psychological distress, and perceived stress was observed. Notably, parental bonding and attachment styles modulated the psychological status during the lockdown. Individuals with secure attachment and high levels of parental care (high care) showed increased levels of state anxiety and perceived stress in phase 2, compared with phase 1. In contrast, individuals with insecure attachment and low levels of parental care (low care) already showed a high rate of state anxiety and perceived stress in phase 1 that did not increase further during phase 2. <b>Conclusion:</b> The general deterioration of psychological health in the entire sample demonstrates the pervasiveness of this stressor, a decline that is partially modulated by attachment style and parental bonding. These results implicated disparate sensitivities to environmental changes in the high- and low care groups during the lockdown, the former of which shows the greatest flexibility in the response to environment, suggesting adequate and functional response to stress in high care individuals, which is not observable in the low care group.</div></front></TEI><pubmed><MedlineCitation Status="PubMed-not-MEDLINE" Owner="NLM"><PMID Version="1">33329138</PMID><DateRevised><Year>2020</Year><Month>12</Month><Day>18</Day></DateRevised><Article PubModel="Electronic-eCollection"><Journal><ISSN IssnType="Print">1664-0640</ISSN><JournalIssue CitedMedium="Print"><Volume>11</Volume><PubDate><Year>2020</Year></PubDate></JournalIssue><Title>Frontiers in psychiatry</Title><ISOAbbreviation>Front Psychiatry</ISOAbbreviation></Journal><ArticleTitle>Psychological Health Issues Subsequent to SARS-Cov 2 Restrictive Measures: The Role of Parental Bonding and Attachment Style.</ArticleTitle><Pagination><MedlinePgn>589444</MedlinePgn></Pagination><ELocationID EIdType="doi" ValidYN="Y">10.3389/fpsyt.2020.589444</ELocationID><Abstract><AbstractText><b>Background:</b> The novel coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) has caused severe panic among people worldwide. In Italy, a nationwide state of alert was declared on January 31st, leading to the confinement of the entire population from March 11 to May 18, 2020. Isolation and quarantine measures cause psychological problems, especially for individuals who are recognized as being vulnerable. Parental bonding and attachment styles play a role in the programming of the stress response system. Here, we hypothesize that the response to restricted social contact and mobility due to the pandemic has detrimental effects on mental-psychological health and that this relationship is, at least in part, modulated by parental bonding and attachment relationships that are experienced at an early age. <b>Methods:</b> A sample of 68 volunteer University students was screened for psychopathological symptoms (SCL-90-R and STAI-Y), stress perception (PSS), attachment style (RQ), and parental care and overcontrol (PBI) 6 months before the confinement. In the same subjects, psychopathological symptoms and stress perception were measured again during confinement. <b>Results:</b> Overall, psychological health and stress management deteriorated across the entire sample during confinement. Specifically, a significant increase in phobic anxiety, depression, psychological distress, and perceived stress was observed. Notably, parental bonding and attachment styles modulated the psychological status during the lockdown. Individuals with secure attachment and high levels of parental care (high care) showed increased levels of state anxiety and perceived stress in phase 2, compared with phase 1. In contrast, individuals with insecure attachment and low levels of parental care (low care) already showed a high rate of state anxiety and perceived stress in phase 1 that did not increase further during phase 2. <b>Conclusion:</b> The general deterioration of psychological health in the entire sample demonstrates the pervasiveness of this stressor, a decline that is partially modulated by attachment style and parental bonding. These results implicated disparate sensitivities to environmental changes in the high- and low care groups during the lockdown, the former of which shows the greatest flexibility in the response to environment, suggesting adequate and functional response to stress in high care individuals, which is not observable in the low care group.</AbstractText><CopyrightInformation>Copyright © 2020 Bussone, Pesca, Tambelli and Carola.</CopyrightInformation></Abstract><AuthorList CompleteYN="Y"><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Bussone</LastName><ForeName>Silvia</ForeName><Initials>S</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Dynamic and Clinical Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Pesca</LastName><ForeName>Chiara</ForeName><Initials>C</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Dynamic and Clinical Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Tambelli</LastName><ForeName>Renata</ForeName><Initials>R</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Dynamic and Clinical Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Carola</LastName><ForeName>Valeria</ForeName><Initials>V</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Dynamic and Clinical Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Experimental Neuroscience, Santa Lucia Foundation IRCCS-Rome, Rome, Italy.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author></AuthorList><Language>eng</Language><PublicationTypeList><PublicationType UI="D016428">Journal Article</PublicationType></PublicationTypeList><ArticleDate DateType="Electronic"><Year>2020</Year><Month>11</Month><Day>04</Day></ArticleDate></Article><MedlineJournalInfo><Country>Switzerland</Country><MedlineTA>Front Psychiatry</MedlineTA><NlmUniqueID>101545006</NlmUniqueID><ISSNLinking>1664-0640</ISSNLinking></MedlineJournalInfo><KeywordList Owner="NOTNLM"><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">COVID-19</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">SARS-CoV 2</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">SCL-90-R</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">attachment</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">clinical psychology</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">parental bonding (PBI)</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">perceived stress</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">state anxiety</Keyword></KeywordList></MedlineCitation><PubmedData><History><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="received"><Year>2020</Year><Month>07</Month><Day>30</Day></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="accepted"><Year>2020</Year><Month>10</Month><Day>12</Day></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate 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