Variations in Black Carbon concentration and sources during COVID-19 lockdown in Delhi.
Identifieur interne : 000379 ( Main/Corpus ); précédent : 000378; suivant : 000380Variations in Black Carbon concentration and sources during COVID-19 lockdown in Delhi.
Auteurs : Vikas Goel ; Naba Hazarika ; Mayank Kumar ; Vikram Singh ; Navaneeth M. Thamban ; Sachchida Nand TripathiSource :
- Chemosphere [ 1879-1298 ] ; 2020.
Abstract
A nationwide lockdown was imposed in India due to COVID-19 pandemic in five phases from 25th March to May 31, 2020. The lockdown restricted major anthropogenic activities, primarily vehicular and industrial, thereby reducing the particulate matter concentration. This work investigates the variation in Black Carbon (BC) concentration and its sources (primarily Fossil Fuel (ff) burning and Biomass Burning (bb)) over Delhi from 18th February to July 31, 2020, covering one month of pre-lockdown phase, all the lockdown phases, and two months of successive lockdown relaxations. The daily average BC concentration varied from 0.22 to 16.92 μg/m3, with a mean value of 3.62 ± 2.93 μg/m3. During Pre-Lockdown (PL, 18th Feb-24th March 2020), Lockdown-1 (L1, 25th March-14th April 2020), Lockdown-2 (L2, 15th April-3rd May 2020), Lockdown-3 (L3, 4th-17th May 2020), Lockdown-4 (L4, 18th-31st May 2020), Unlock-1 (UN1, June 2020), and Unlock-2 (UN2, July 2020) the average BC concentrations were 7.93, 1.73, 2.59, 3.76, 3.26, 2.07, and 2.70 μg/m3, respectively. During the lockdown and unlock phases, BC decreased up to 78% compared to the PL period. The BC source apportionment studies show that fossil fuel burning was the dominant BC source during the entire sampling period. From L1 to UN2 an increasing trend in BCff contribution was observed (except L3) due to the successive relaxations given to anthropogenic activities. BCff contribution dipped briefly during L3 due to the intensive crop residue burning events in neighboring states. CWT analysis showed that local emission sources were the dominant contributors to BC concentration over Delhi.
DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.129435
PubMed: 33412356
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Electronic address: kmayank@mech.iitd.ac.in.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Singh, Vikram" sort="Singh, Vikram" uniqKey="Singh V" first="Vikram" last="Singh">Vikram Singh</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, 110016, India. Electronic address: vs225@chemical.iitd.ac.in.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Thamban, Navaneeth M" sort="Thamban, Navaneeth M" uniqKey="Thamban N" first="Navaneeth M" last="Thamban">Navaneeth M. Thamban</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, 208016, India.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Tripathi, Sachchida Nand" sort="Tripathi, Sachchida Nand" uniqKey="Tripathi S" first="Sachchida Nand" last="Tripathi">Sachchida Nand Tripathi</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, 208016, India. Electronic address: snt@iitk.ac.in.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PubMed</idno><date when="2020">2020</date><idno type="RBID">pubmed:33412356</idno><idno type="pmid">33412356</idno><idno type="doi">10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.129435</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Corpus">000379</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Main" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PubMed">000379</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en">Variations in Black Carbon concentration and sources during COVID-19 lockdown in Delhi.</title><author><name sortKey="Goel, Vikas" sort="Goel, Vikas" uniqKey="Goel V" first="Vikas" last="Goel">Vikas Goel</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, 110016, India.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hazarika, Naba" sort="Hazarika, Naba" uniqKey="Hazarika N" first="Naba" last="Hazarika">Naba Hazarika</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Applied Mechanics, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, 110016, India.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kumar, Mayank" sort="Kumar, Mayank" uniqKey="Kumar M" first="Mayank" last="Kumar">Mayank Kumar</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, 110016, India. Electronic address: kmayank@mech.iitd.ac.in.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Singh, Vikram" sort="Singh, Vikram" uniqKey="Singh V" first="Vikram" last="Singh">Vikram Singh</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, 110016, India. Electronic address: vs225@chemical.iitd.ac.in.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Thamban, Navaneeth M" sort="Thamban, Navaneeth M" uniqKey="Thamban N" first="Navaneeth M" last="Thamban">Navaneeth M. Thamban</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, 208016, India.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Tripathi, Sachchida Nand" sort="Tripathi, Sachchida Nand" uniqKey="Tripathi S" first="Sachchida Nand" last="Tripathi">Sachchida Nand Tripathi</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, 208016, India. Electronic address: snt@iitk.ac.in.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">Chemosphere</title><idno type="eISSN">1879-1298</idno><imprint><date when="2020" type="published">2020</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">A nationwide lockdown was imposed in India due to COVID-19 pandemic in five phases from 25th March to May 31, 2020. The lockdown restricted major anthropogenic activities, primarily vehicular and industrial, thereby reducing the particulate matter concentration. This work investigates the variation in Black Carbon (BC) concentration and its sources (primarily Fossil Fuel (ff) burning and Biomass Burning (bb)) over Delhi from 18th February to July 31, 2020, covering one month of pre-lockdown phase, all the lockdown phases, and two months of successive lockdown relaxations. The daily average BC concentration varied from 0.22 to 16.92 μg/m<sup>3</sup>, with a mean value of 3.62 ± 2.93 μg/m<sup>3</sup>. During Pre-Lockdown (PL, 18th Feb-24th March 2020), Lockdown-1 (L1, 25th March-14th April 2020), Lockdown-2 (L2, 15th April-3rd May 2020), Lockdown-3 (L3, 4th-17th May 2020), Lockdown-4 (L4, 18th-31st May 2020), Unlock-1 (UN1, June 2020), and Unlock-2 (UN2, July 2020) the average BC concentrations were 7.93, 1.73, 2.59, 3.76, 3.26, 2.07, and 2.70 μg/m<sup>3</sup>, respectively. During the lockdown and unlock phases, BC decreased up to 78% compared to the PL period. The BC source apportionment studies show that fossil fuel burning was the dominant BC source during the entire sampling period. From L1 to UN2 an increasing trend in BC<sub>ff</sub> contribution was observed (except L3) due to the successive relaxations given to anthropogenic activities. BC<sub>ff</sub> contribution dipped briefly during L3 due to the intensive crop residue burning events in neighboring states. CWT analysis showed that local emission sources were the dominant contributors to BC concentration over Delhi.</div></front></TEI><pubmed><MedlineCitation Status="Publisher" Owner="NLM"><PMID Version="1">33412356</PMID><DateRevised><Year>2021</Year><Month>01</Month><Day>22</Day></DateRevised><Article PubModel="Print-Electronic"><Journal><ISSN IssnType="Electronic">1879-1298</ISSN><JournalIssue CitedMedium="Internet"><Volume>270</Volume><PubDate><Year>2020</Year><Month>Dec</Month><Day>26</Day></PubDate></JournalIssue><Title>Chemosphere</Title><ISOAbbreviation>Chemosphere</ISOAbbreviation></Journal><ArticleTitle>Variations in Black Carbon concentration and sources during COVID-19 lockdown in Delhi.</ArticleTitle><Pagination><MedlinePgn>129435</MedlinePgn></Pagination><ELocationID EIdType="pii" ValidYN="Y">S0045-6535(20)33633-X</ELocationID><ELocationID EIdType="doi" ValidYN="Y">10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.129435</ELocationID><Abstract><AbstractText>A nationwide lockdown was imposed in India due to COVID-19 pandemic in five phases from 25th March to May 31, 2020. The lockdown restricted major anthropogenic activities, primarily vehicular and industrial, thereby reducing the particulate matter concentration. This work investigates the variation in Black Carbon (BC) concentration and its sources (primarily Fossil Fuel (ff) burning and Biomass Burning (bb)) over Delhi from 18th February to July 31, 2020, covering one month of pre-lockdown phase, all the lockdown phases, and two months of successive lockdown relaxations. The daily average BC concentration varied from 0.22 to 16.92 μg/m<sup>3</sup>, with a mean value of 3.62 ± 2.93 μg/m<sup>3</sup>. During Pre-Lockdown (PL, 18th Feb-24th March 2020), Lockdown-1 (L1, 25th March-14th April 2020), Lockdown-2 (L2, 15th April-3rd May 2020), Lockdown-3 (L3, 4th-17th May 2020), Lockdown-4 (L4, 18th-31st May 2020), Unlock-1 (UN1, June 2020), and Unlock-2 (UN2, July 2020) the average BC concentrations were 7.93, 1.73, 2.59, 3.76, 3.26, 2.07, and 2.70 μg/m<sup>3</sup>, respectively. During the lockdown and unlock phases, BC decreased up to 78% compared to the PL period. The BC source apportionment studies show that fossil fuel burning was the dominant BC source during the entire sampling period. From L1 to UN2 an increasing trend in BC<sub>ff</sub> contribution was observed (except L3) due to the successive relaxations given to anthropogenic activities. BC<sub>ff</sub> contribution dipped briefly during L3 due to the intensive crop residue burning events in neighboring states. CWT analysis showed that local emission sources were the dominant contributors to BC concentration over Delhi.</AbstractText><CopyrightInformation>Copyright © 2020 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.</CopyrightInformation></Abstract><AuthorList CompleteYN="Y"><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Goel</LastName><ForeName>Vikas</ForeName><Initials>V</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, 110016, India.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Hazarika</LastName><ForeName>Naba</ForeName><Initials>N</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Applied Mechanics, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, 110016, India.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Kumar</LastName><ForeName>Mayank</ForeName><Initials>M</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, 110016, India. Electronic address: kmayank@mech.iitd.ac.in.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Singh</LastName><ForeName>Vikram</ForeName><Initials>V</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, 110016, India. Electronic address: vs225@chemical.iitd.ac.in.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Thamban</LastName><ForeName>Navaneeth M</ForeName><Initials>NM</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, 208016, India.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Tripathi</LastName><ForeName>Sachchida Nand</ForeName><Initials>SN</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, 208016, India. Electronic address: snt@iitk.ac.in.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author></AuthorList><Language>eng</Language><PublicationTypeList><PublicationType UI="D016428">Journal Article</PublicationType></PublicationTypeList><ArticleDate DateType="Electronic"><Year>2020</Year><Month>12</Month><Day>26</Day></ArticleDate></Article><MedlineJournalInfo><Country>England</Country><MedlineTA>Chemosphere</MedlineTA><NlmUniqueID>0320657</NlmUniqueID><ISSNLinking>0045-6535</ISSNLinking></MedlineJournalInfo><CitationSubset>IM</CitationSubset><KeywordList Owner="NOTNLM"><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">Absorption angstrom exponent</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">Aethalometer</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">Black carbon</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">COVID-19</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">Lockdown</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">Source apportionment</Keyword></KeywordList><CoiStatement>Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.</CoiStatement></MedlineCitation><PubmedData><History><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="received"><Year>2020</Year><Month>10</Month><Day>01</Day></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="revised"><Year>2020</Year><Month>12</Month><Day>18</Day></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="accepted"><Year>2020</Year><Month>12</Month><Day>22</Day></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="pubmed"><Year>2021</Year><Month>1</Month><Day>8</Day><Hour>6</Hour><Minute>0</Minute></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="medline"><Year>2021</Year><Month>1</Month><Day>8</Day><Hour>6</Hour><Minute>0</Minute></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="entrez"><Year>2021</Year><Month>1</Month><Day>7</Day><Hour>20</Hour><Minute>12</Minute></PubMedPubDate></History><PublicationStatus>aheadofprint</PublicationStatus><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">33412356</ArticleId><ArticleId IdType="pii">S0045-6535(20)33633-X</ArticleId><ArticleId IdType="doi">10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.129435</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></PubmedData></pubmed></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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