Does thinking make it so? Differential associations between adversity worries and experiences and mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Identifieur interne : 000102 ( Main/Corpus ); précédent : 000101; suivant : 000103Does thinking make it so? Differential associations between adversity worries and experiences and mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Auteurs : Liam Wright ; Andrew Steptoe ; Daisy FancourtSource :
- Journal of epidemiology and community health [ 1470-2738 ] ; 2021.
Abstract
BACKGROUND
There is evidence that the COVID-19 pandemic is having adverse effects on mental health. It is vital to understand what is causing this: worries over potential adversities due to the pandemic, or the toll of experiencing adverse events.
METHODS
We used panel data from 41 909 UK adults in the COVID-19 Social Study assessed weekly from 1 April 2020 to 12 May 2020 to study the association between adversities and anxiety and depressive symptoms. We studied six categories of adversity including both worries and experiences of: illness with COVID-19, financial difficulty, loss of paid work, difficulties acquiring medication, difficulties accessing food, and threats to personal safety. Anxiety and depression were measured using the 7-item Generalised Anxiety Disorder Assessment and the 9-item Patient Health Questionnaire. We used fixed-effect regression models to account for time-invariant confounders.
RESULTS
Cumulative number of worries and experience of adversities were both related to higher levels of anxiety and depression. A number of worries were associated more with anxiety than depression, but number of experiences were equally related to anxiety and depression. There were clear associations between specific worries and poorer mental health. There was weak evidence that individuals of lower socio-economic position were more negatively affected psychologically by the adverse experiences.
CONCLUSION
Measures over the first few weeks of lockdown in the UK appear to have been insufficient at reassuring people given that we see clear associations with mental health and cumulative worries. Interventions are required that seek to prevent adverse events (eg, redundancies) and reassure individuals and support adaptive coping strategies.
DOI: 10.1136/jech-2020-215598
PubMed: 33483341
PubMed Central: PMC7830321
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Differential associations between adversity worries and experiences and mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic.</title><author><name sortKey="Wright, Liam" sort="Wright, Liam" uniqKey="Wright L" first="Liam" last="Wright">Liam Wright</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Behavioural Science and Health, University College London, London, UK.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Steptoe, Andrew" sort="Steptoe, Andrew" uniqKey="Steptoe A" first="Andrew" last="Steptoe">Andrew Steptoe</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Behavioural Science and Health, University College London, London, UK.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Fancourt, Daisy" sort="Fancourt, Daisy" uniqKey="Fancourt D" first="Daisy" last="Fancourt">Daisy Fancourt</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Behavioural Science and Health, University College London, London, UK d.fancourt@ucl.ac.uk.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PubMed</idno><date when="2021">2021</date><idno type="RBID">pubmed:33483341</idno><idno type="pmid">33483341</idno><idno type="doi">10.1136/jech-2020-215598</idno><idno type="pmc">PMC7830321</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Corpus">000102</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Main" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PubMed">000102</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en">Does thinking make it so? Differential associations between adversity worries and experiences and mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic.</title><author><name sortKey="Wright, Liam" sort="Wright, Liam" uniqKey="Wright L" first="Liam" last="Wright">Liam Wright</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Behavioural Science and Health, University College London, London, UK.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Steptoe, Andrew" sort="Steptoe, Andrew" uniqKey="Steptoe A" first="Andrew" last="Steptoe">Andrew Steptoe</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Behavioural Science and Health, University College London, London, UK.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Fancourt, Daisy" sort="Fancourt, Daisy" uniqKey="Fancourt D" first="Daisy" last="Fancourt">Daisy Fancourt</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Behavioural Science and Health, University College London, London, UK d.fancourt@ucl.ac.uk.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">Journal of epidemiology and community health</title><idno type="eISSN">1470-2738</idno><imprint><date when="2021" type="published">2021</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p><b>BACKGROUND</b></p><p>There is evidence that the COVID-19 pandemic is having adverse effects on mental health. It is vital to understand what is causing this: worries over potential adversities due to the pandemic, or the toll of experiencing adverse events.</p></div><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p><b>METHODS</b></p><p>We used panel data from 41 909 UK adults in the COVID-19 Social Study assessed weekly from 1 April 2020 to 12 May 2020 to study the association between adversities and anxiety and depressive symptoms. We studied six categories of adversity including both worries and experiences of: illness with COVID-19, financial difficulty, loss of paid work, difficulties acquiring medication, difficulties accessing food, and threats to personal safety. Anxiety and depression were measured using the 7-item Generalised Anxiety Disorder Assessment and the 9-item Patient Health Questionnaire. We used fixed-effect regression models to account for time-invariant confounders.</p></div><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p><b>RESULTS</b></p><p>Cumulative number of worries and experience of adversities were both related to higher levels of anxiety and depression. A number of worries were associated more with anxiety than depression, but number of experiences were equally related to anxiety and depression. There were clear associations between specific worries and poorer mental health. There was weak evidence that individuals of lower socio-economic position were more negatively affected psychologically by the adverse experiences.</p></div><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p><b>CONCLUSION</b></p><p>Measures over the first few weeks of lockdown in the UK appear to have been insufficient at reassuring people given that we see clear associations with mental health and cumulative worries. Interventions are required that seek to prevent adverse events (eg, redundancies) and reassure individuals and support adaptive coping strategies.</p></div></front></TEI><pubmed><MedlineCitation Status="Publisher" Owner="NLM"><PMID Version="1">33483341</PMID><DateRevised><Year>2021</Year><Month>01</Month><Day>26</Day></DateRevised><Article PubModel="Print-Electronic"><Journal><ISSN IssnType="Electronic">1470-2738</ISSN><JournalIssue CitedMedium="Internet"><PubDate><Year>2021</Year><Month>Jan</Month><Day>22</Day></PubDate></JournalIssue><Title>Journal of epidemiology and community health</Title><ISOAbbreviation>J Epidemiol Community Health</ISOAbbreviation></Journal><ArticleTitle>Does thinking make it so? Differential associations between adversity worries and experiences and mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic.</ArticleTitle><ELocationID EIdType="pii" ValidYN="Y">jech-2020-215598</ELocationID><ELocationID EIdType="doi" ValidYN="Y">10.1136/jech-2020-215598</ELocationID><Abstract><AbstractText Label="BACKGROUND" NlmCategory="BACKGROUND">There is evidence that the COVID-19 pandemic is having adverse effects on mental health. It is vital to understand what is causing this: worries over potential adversities due to the pandemic, or the toll of experiencing adverse events.</AbstractText><AbstractText Label="METHODS" NlmCategory="METHODS">We used panel data from 41 909 UK adults in the COVID-19 Social Study assessed weekly from 1 April 2020 to 12 May 2020 to study the association between adversities and anxiety and depressive symptoms. We studied six categories of adversity including both worries and experiences of: illness with COVID-19, financial difficulty, loss of paid work, difficulties acquiring medication, difficulties accessing food, and threats to personal safety. Anxiety and depression were measured using the 7-item Generalised Anxiety Disorder Assessment and the 9-item Patient Health Questionnaire. We used fixed-effect regression models to account for time-invariant confounders.</AbstractText><AbstractText Label="RESULTS" NlmCategory="RESULTS">Cumulative number of worries and experience of adversities were both related to higher levels of anxiety and depression. A number of worries were associated more with anxiety than depression, but number of experiences were equally related to anxiety and depression. There were clear associations between specific worries and poorer mental health. There was weak evidence that individuals of lower socio-economic position were more negatively affected psychologically by the adverse experiences.</AbstractText><AbstractText Label="CONCLUSION" NlmCategory="CONCLUSIONS">Measures over the first few weeks of lockdown in the UK appear to have been insufficient at reassuring people given that we see clear associations with mental health and cumulative worries. Interventions are required that seek to prevent adverse events (eg, redundancies) and reassure individuals and support adaptive coping strategies.</AbstractText><CopyrightInformation>© Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2021. Re-use permitted under CC BY. Published by BMJ.</CopyrightInformation></Abstract><AuthorList CompleteYN="Y"><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Wright</LastName><ForeName>Liam</ForeName><Initials>L</Initials><Identifier Source="ORCID">http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6347-5121</Identifier><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Behavioural Science and Health, University College London, London, UK.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Steptoe</LastName><ForeName>Andrew</ForeName><Initials>A</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Behavioural Science and Health, University College London, London, UK.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Fancourt</LastName><ForeName>Daisy</ForeName><Initials>D</Initials><Identifier Source="ORCID">http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6952-334X</Identifier><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Behavioural Science and Health, University College London, London, UK 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