Comparative Study of the Temperature Sensitive, Cold Adapted and Attenuated Mutations Present in the Master Donor Viruses of the Two Commercial Human Live Attenuated Influenza Vaccines.
Identifieur interne : 000011 ( PubMed/Checkpoint ); précédent : 000010; suivant : 000012Comparative Study of the Temperature Sensitive, Cold Adapted and Attenuated Mutations Present in the Master Donor Viruses of the Two Commercial Human Live Attenuated Influenza Vaccines.
Auteurs : Laura Rodriguez [États-Unis] ; Pilar Blanco-Lobo [États-Unis] ; Emma C. Reilly [États-Unis] ; Tatsuya Maehigashi [États-Unis] ; Aitor Nogales [États-Unis] ; Andrew Smith [États-Unis] ; David J. Topham [États-Unis] ; Stephen Dewhurst [États-Unis] ; Baek Kim [États-Unis] ; Luis Martínez-Sobrido [États-Unis]Source :
- Viruses [ 1999-4915 ] ; 2019.
Abstract
Influenza viruses cause annual, seasonal infection across the globe. Vaccination represents the most effective strategy to prevent such infections and/or to reduce viral disease. Two major types of influenza vaccines are approved for human use: inactivated influenza vaccines (IIVs) and live attenuated influenza vaccines (LAIVs). Two Master Donor Virus (MDV) backbones have been used to create LAIVs against influenza A virus (IAV): the United States (US) A/Ann Arbor/6/60 (AA) and the Russian A/Leningrad/134/17/57 (Len) H2N2 viruses. The mutations responsible for the temperature sensitive (ts), cold-adapted (ca) and attenuated (att) phenotypes of the two MDVs have been previously identified and genetically mapped. However, a direct comparison of the contribution of these residues to viral attenuation, immunogenicity and protection efficacy has not been conducted. Here, we compared the In vitro and in vivo phenotype of recombinant influenza A/Puerto Rico/8/34 H1N1 (PR8) viruses containing the ts, ca and att mutations of the US (PR8/AA) and the Russian (PR8/Len) MDVs. Our results show that PR8/Len is more attenuated in vivo than PR8/AA, although both viruses induced similar levels of humoral and cellular responses, and protection against homologous and heterologous viral challenges. Our findings support the feasibility of using a different virus backbone as MDV for the development of improved LAIVs for the prevention of IAV infections.
DOI: 10.3390/v11100928
PubMed: 31658679
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<record><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">Comparative Study of the Temperature Sensitive, Cold Adapted and Attenuated Mutations Present in the Master Donor Viruses of the Two Commercial Human Live Attenuated Influenza Vaccines.</title><author><name sortKey="Rodriguez, Laura" sort="Rodriguez, Laura" uniqKey="Rodriguez L" first="Laura" last="Rodriguez">Laura Rodriguez</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, NY 14642, USA. laurita85oviedo@hotmail.com.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, NY 14642</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>NY 14642</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Blanco Lobo, Pilar" sort="Blanco Lobo, Pilar" uniqKey="Blanco Lobo P" first="Pilar" last="Blanco-Lobo">Pilar Blanco-Lobo</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, NY 14642, USA. piblanlo@gmail.com.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, NY 14642</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>NY 14642</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Reilly, Emma C" sort="Reilly, Emma C" uniqKey="Reilly E" first="Emma C" last="Reilly">Emma C. Reilly</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, NY 14642, USA. emma_reilly@urmc.rochester.edu.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, NY 14642</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>NY 14642</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Maehigashi, Tatsuya" sort="Maehigashi, Tatsuya" uniqKey="Maehigashi T" first="Tatsuya" last="Maehigashi">Tatsuya Maehigashi</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Center for Drug Discovery, Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, GA 30322, USA. t.maehigashi@emory.edu.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Center for Drug Discovery, Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, GA 30322</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>GA 30322</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Nogales, Aitor" sort="Nogales, Aitor" uniqKey="Nogales A" first="Aitor" last="Nogales">Aitor Nogales</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, NY 14642, USA. nogales.aitor@inia.es.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, NY 14642</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>NY 14642</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Smith, Andrew" sort="Smith, Andrew" uniqKey="Smith A" first="Andrew" last="Smith">Andrew Smith</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, NY 14642, USA. Andrew_Smith72@URMC.Rochester.edu.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, NY 14642</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>NY 14642</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Topham, David J" sort="Topham, David J" uniqKey="Topham D" first="David J" last="Topham">David J. Topham</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, NY 14642, USA. David_topham@urmc.rochester.edu.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, NY 14642</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>NY 14642</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Dewhurst, Stephen" sort="Dewhurst, Stephen" uniqKey="Dewhurst S" first="Stephen" last="Dewhurst">Stephen Dewhurst</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, NY 14642, USA. stephen_dewhurst@me.com.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, NY 14642</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>NY 14642</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kim, Baek" sort="Kim, Baek" uniqKey="Kim B" first="Baek" last="Kim">Baek Kim</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Center for Drug Discovery, Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, GA 30322, USA. baek.kim@emory.edu.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Center for Drug Discovery, Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, GA 30322</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>GA 30322</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Martinez Sobrido, Luis" sort="Martinez Sobrido, Luis" uniqKey="Martinez Sobrido L" first="Luis" last="Martínez-Sobrido">Luis Martínez-Sobrido</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, NY 14642, USA. luis_martinez@urmc.rochester.edu.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, NY 14642</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>NY 14642</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PubMed</idno><date when="2019">2019</date><idno type="RBID">pubmed:31658679</idno><idno type="pmid">31658679</idno><idno type="doi">10.3390/v11100928</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/PubMed/Corpus">000005</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="PubMed" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PubMed">000005</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/PubMed/Curation">000005</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="PubMed" wicri:step="Curation">000005</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/PubMed/Checkpoint">000011</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Checkpoint" wicri:step="PubMed">000011</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en">Comparative Study of the Temperature Sensitive, Cold Adapted and Attenuated Mutations Present in the Master Donor Viruses of the Two Commercial Human Live Attenuated Influenza Vaccines.</title><author><name sortKey="Rodriguez, Laura" sort="Rodriguez, Laura" uniqKey="Rodriguez L" first="Laura" last="Rodriguez">Laura Rodriguez</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, NY 14642, USA. laurita85oviedo@hotmail.com.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, NY 14642</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>NY 14642</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Blanco Lobo, Pilar" sort="Blanco Lobo, Pilar" uniqKey="Blanco Lobo P" first="Pilar" last="Blanco-Lobo">Pilar Blanco-Lobo</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, NY 14642, USA. piblanlo@gmail.com.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, NY 14642</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>NY 14642</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Reilly, Emma C" sort="Reilly, Emma C" uniqKey="Reilly E" first="Emma C" last="Reilly">Emma C. Reilly</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, NY 14642, USA. emma_reilly@urmc.rochester.edu.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, NY 14642</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>NY 14642</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Maehigashi, Tatsuya" sort="Maehigashi, Tatsuya" uniqKey="Maehigashi T" first="Tatsuya" last="Maehigashi">Tatsuya Maehigashi</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Center for Drug Discovery, Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, GA 30322, USA. t.maehigashi@emory.edu.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Center for Drug Discovery, Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, GA 30322</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>GA 30322</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Nogales, Aitor" sort="Nogales, Aitor" uniqKey="Nogales A" first="Aitor" last="Nogales">Aitor Nogales</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, NY 14642, USA. nogales.aitor@inia.es.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, NY 14642</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>NY 14642</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Smith, Andrew" sort="Smith, Andrew" uniqKey="Smith A" first="Andrew" last="Smith">Andrew Smith</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, NY 14642, USA. Andrew_Smith72@URMC.Rochester.edu.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, NY 14642</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>NY 14642</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Topham, David J" sort="Topham, David J" uniqKey="Topham D" first="David J" last="Topham">David J. Topham</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, NY 14642, USA. David_topham@urmc.rochester.edu.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, NY 14642</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>NY 14642</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Dewhurst, Stephen" sort="Dewhurst, Stephen" uniqKey="Dewhurst S" first="Stephen" last="Dewhurst">Stephen Dewhurst</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, NY 14642, USA. stephen_dewhurst@me.com.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, NY 14642</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>NY 14642</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kim, Baek" sort="Kim, Baek" uniqKey="Kim B" first="Baek" last="Kim">Baek Kim</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Center for Drug Discovery, Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, GA 30322, USA. baek.kim@emory.edu.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Center for Drug Discovery, Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, GA 30322</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>GA 30322</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Martinez Sobrido, Luis" sort="Martinez Sobrido, Luis" uniqKey="Martinez Sobrido L" first="Luis" last="Martínez-Sobrido">Luis Martínez-Sobrido</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, NY 14642, USA. luis_martinez@urmc.rochester.edu.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, NY 14642</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>NY 14642</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">Viruses</title><idno type="eISSN">1999-4915</idno><imprint><date when="2019" type="published">2019</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">Influenza viruses cause annual, seasonal infection across the globe. Vaccination represents the most effective strategy to prevent such infections and/or to reduce viral disease. Two major types of influenza vaccines are approved for human use: inactivated influenza vaccines (IIVs) and live attenuated influenza vaccines (LAIVs). Two Master Donor Virus (MDV) backbones have been used to create LAIVs against influenza A virus (IAV): the United States (US) A/Ann Arbor/6/60 (AA) and the Russian A/Leningrad/134/17/57 (Len) H2N2 viruses. The mutations responsible for the temperature sensitive (<i>ts</i>), cold-adapted (<i>ca</i>) and attenuated (<i>att</i>) phenotypes of the two MDVs have been previously identified and genetically mapped. However, a direct comparison of the contribution of these residues to viral attenuation, immunogenicity and protection efficacy has not been conducted. Here, we compared the In vitro and in vivo phenotype of recombinant influenza A/Puerto Rico/8/34 H1N1 (PR8) viruses containing the <i>ts, ca</i> and <i>att</i> mutations of the US (PR8/AA) and the Russian (PR8/Len) MDVs. Our results show that PR8/Len is more attenuated in vivo than PR8/AA, although both viruses induced similar levels of humoral and cellular responses, and protection against homologous and heterologous viral challenges. Our findings support the feasibility of using a different virus backbone as MDV for the development of improved LAIVs for the prevention of IAV infections.</div></front></TEI><pubmed><MedlineCitation Status="In-Data-Review" Owner="NLM"><PMID Version="1">31658679</PMID><DateRevised><Year>2020</Year><Month>01</Month><Day>08</Day></DateRevised><Article PubModel="Electronic"><Journal><ISSN IssnType="Electronic">1999-4915</ISSN><JournalIssue CitedMedium="Internet"><Volume>11</Volume><Issue>10</Issue><PubDate><Year>2019</Year><Month>Oct</Month><Day>10</Day></PubDate></JournalIssue><Title>Viruses</Title><ISOAbbreviation>Viruses</ISOAbbreviation></Journal><ArticleTitle>Comparative Study of the Temperature Sensitive, Cold Adapted and Attenuated Mutations Present in the Master Donor Viruses of the Two Commercial Human Live Attenuated Influenza Vaccines.</ArticleTitle><ELocationID EIdType="pii" ValidYN="Y">E928</ELocationID><ELocationID EIdType="doi" ValidYN="Y">10.3390/v11100928</ELocationID><Abstract><AbstractText>Influenza viruses cause annual, seasonal infection across the globe. Vaccination represents the most effective strategy to prevent such infections and/or to reduce viral disease. Two major types of influenza vaccines are approved for human use: inactivated influenza vaccines (IIVs) and live attenuated influenza vaccines (LAIVs). Two Master Donor Virus (MDV) backbones have been used to create LAIVs against influenza A virus (IAV): the United States (US) A/Ann Arbor/6/60 (AA) and the Russian A/Leningrad/134/17/57 (Len) H2N2 viruses. The mutations responsible for the temperature sensitive (<i>ts</i>), cold-adapted (<i>ca</i>) and attenuated (<i>att</i>) phenotypes of the two MDVs have been previously identified and genetically mapped. However, a direct comparison of the contribution of these residues to viral attenuation, immunogenicity and protection efficacy has not been conducted. Here, we compared the In vitro and in vivo phenotype of recombinant influenza A/Puerto Rico/8/34 H1N1 (PR8) viruses containing the <i>ts, ca</i> and <i>att</i> mutations of the US (PR8/AA) and the Russian (PR8/Len) MDVs. Our results show that PR8/Len is more attenuated in vivo than PR8/AA, although both viruses induced similar levels of humoral and cellular responses, and protection against homologous and heterologous viral challenges. Our findings support the feasibility of using a different virus backbone as MDV for the development of improved LAIVs for the prevention of IAV infections.</AbstractText></Abstract><AuthorList CompleteYN="Y"><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Rodriguez</LastName><ForeName>Laura</ForeName><Initials>L</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, NY 14642, USA. laurita85oviedo@hotmail.com.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Blanco-Lobo</LastName><ForeName>Pilar</ForeName><Initials>P</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, NY 14642, USA. piblanlo@gmail.com.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Reilly</LastName><ForeName>Emma C</ForeName><Initials>EC</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, NY 14642, USA. emma_reilly@urmc.rochester.edu.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>David H. Smith Center for Vaccine Biology and Immunology, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, NY 14642, USA. emma_reilly@urmc.rochester.edu.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Maehigashi</LastName><ForeName>Tatsuya</ForeName><Initials>T</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Center for Drug Discovery, Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, GA 30322, USA. t.maehigashi@emory.edu.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Nogales</LastName><ForeName>Aitor</ForeName><Initials>A</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, NY 14642, USA. nogales.aitor@inia.es.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Smith</LastName><ForeName>Andrew</ForeName><Initials>A</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, NY 14642, USA. Andrew_Smith72@URMC.Rochester.edu.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Medical Scientist Training Program (MSTP), University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, NY 14642, USA. Andrew_Smith72@URMC.Rochester.edu.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Topham</LastName><ForeName>David J</ForeName><Initials>DJ</Initials><Identifier Source="ORCID">0000-0002-9435-8673</Identifier><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, NY 14642, USA. David_topham@urmc.rochester.edu.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>David H. Smith Center for Vaccine Biology and Immunology, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, NY 14642, USA. David_topham@urmc.rochester.edu.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Dewhurst</LastName><ForeName>Stephen</ForeName><Initials>S</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, NY 14642, USA. stephen_dewhurst@me.com.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Kim</LastName><ForeName>Baek</ForeName><Initials>B</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Center for Drug Discovery, Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, GA 30322, USA. baek.kim@emory.edu.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>College of Pharmacy, Kyung-Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea. baek.kim@emory.edu.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Martínez-Sobrido</LastName><ForeName>Luis</ForeName><Initials>L</Initials><Identifier Source="ORCID">0000-0001-7084-0804</Identifier><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, NY 14642, USA. luis_martinez@urmc.rochester.edu.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author></AuthorList><Language>eng</Language><GrantList CompleteYN="Y"><Grant><GrantID>NIH 272201400005C</GrantID><Agency>Foundation for the National Institutes of Health</Agency><Country></Country></Grant></GrantList><PublicationTypeList><PublicationType UI="D016428">Journal Article</PublicationType></PublicationTypeList><ArticleDate DateType="Electronic"><Year>2019</Year><Month>10</Month><Day>10</Day></ArticleDate></Article><MedlineJournalInfo><Country>Switzerland</Country><MedlineTA>Viruses</MedlineTA><NlmUniqueID>101509722</NlmUniqueID><ISSNLinking>1999-4915</ISSNLinking></MedlineJournalInfo><CitationSubset>IM</CitationSubset><KeywordList Owner="NOTNLM"><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">influenza</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">live-attenuated 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first="Tatsuya" last="Maehigashi">Tatsuya Maehigashi</name><name sortKey="Martinez Sobrido, Luis" sort="Martinez Sobrido, Luis" uniqKey="Martinez Sobrido L" first="Luis" last="Martínez-Sobrido">Luis Martínez-Sobrido</name><name sortKey="Nogales, Aitor" sort="Nogales, Aitor" uniqKey="Nogales A" first="Aitor" last="Nogales">Aitor Nogales</name><name sortKey="Reilly, Emma C" sort="Reilly, Emma C" uniqKey="Reilly E" first="Emma C" last="Reilly">Emma C. 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