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Challenges of influenza A viruses in humans and animals and current animal vaccines as an effective control measure

Identifieur interne : 000D16 ( Pmc/Curation ); précédent : 000D15; suivant : 000D17

Challenges of influenza A viruses in humans and animals and current animal vaccines as an effective control measure

Auteurs : Sung J. Yoo [Corée du Sud] ; Taeyong Kwon [Corée du Sud] ; Young S. Lyoo [Corée du Sud]

Source :

RBID : PMC:5795040

Abstract

Influenza A viruses (IAVs) are genetically diverse and variable pathogens that share various hosts including human, swine, and domestic poultry. Interspecies and intercontinental viral spreads make the ecology of IAV more complex. Beside endemic IAV infections, human has been exposed to pandemic and zoonotic threats from avian and swine influenza viruses. Animal health also has been threatened by high pathogenic avian influenza viruses (in domestic poultry) and reverse zoonosis (in swine). Considering its dynamic interplay between species, prevention and control against IAV should be conducted effectively in both humans and animal sectors. Vaccination is one of the most efficient tools against IAV. Numerous vaccines against animal IAVs have been developed by a variety of vaccine technologies and some of them are currently commercially available. We summarize several challenges in control of IAVs faced by human and animals and discuss IAV vaccines for animal use with those application in susceptible populations.


Url:
DOI: 10.7774/cevr.2018.7.1.1
PubMed: 29399575
PubMed Central: 5795040

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PMC:5795040

Le document en format XML

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</TEI>
<pmc article-type="review-article">
<pmc-dir>properties open_access</pmc-dir>
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Clin Exp Vaccine Res</journal-id>
<journal-id journal-id-type="iso-abbrev">Clin Exp Vaccine Res</journal-id>
<journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">CEVR</journal-id>
<journal-title-group>
<journal-title>Clinical and Experimental Vaccine Research</journal-title>
</journal-title-group>
<issn pub-type="ppub">2287-3651</issn>
<issn pub-type="epub">2287-366X</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name>The Korean Vaccine Society</publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id pub-id-type="pmid">29399575</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="pmc">5795040</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.7774/cevr.2018.7.1.1</article-id>
<article-categories>
<subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
<subject>Review Article</subject>
</subj-group>
</article-categories>
<title-group>
<article-title>Challenges of influenza A viruses in humans and animals and current animal vaccines as an effective control measure</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid" authenticated="true">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0892-2718</contrib-id>
<name>
<surname>Yoo</surname>
<given-names>Sung J.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A1"></xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid" authenticated="true">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9026-4365</contrib-id>
<name>
<surname>Kwon</surname>
<given-names>Taeyong</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A1"></xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes">
<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid" authenticated="true">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0048-1911</contrib-id>
<name>
<surname>Lyoo</surname>
<given-names>Young S.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A1"></xref>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="A1">College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea.</aff>
<author-notes>
<corresp>Corresponding author: Young S. Lyoo. College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Korea. Tel: +82-2-450-3719, Fax: +82-2-6008-3791,
<email>lyoo@konkuk.ac.kr</email>
</corresp>
</author-notes>
<pub-date pub-type="ppub">
<month>1</month>
<year>2018</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>29</day>
<month>1</month>
<year>2018</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>7</volume>
<issue>1</issue>
<fpage>1</fpage>
<lpage>15</lpage>
<history>
<date date-type="received">
<day>18</day>
<month>11</month>
<year>2017</year>
</date>
<date date-type="rev-recd">
<day>07</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2017</year>
</date>
<date date-type="accepted">
<day>12</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2017</year>
</date>
</history>
<permissions>
<copyright-statement>© Korean Vaccine Society.</copyright-statement>
<copyright-year>2018</copyright-year>
<copyright-holder>Korean Vaccine Society</copyright-holder>
<license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/">
<license-p>This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (
<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/">http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/</ext-link>
) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.</license-p>
</license>
</permissions>
<abstract>
<p>Influenza A viruses (IAVs) are genetically diverse and variable pathogens that share various hosts including human, swine, and domestic poultry. Interspecies and intercontinental viral spreads make the ecology of IAV more complex. Beside endemic IAV infections, human has been exposed to pandemic and zoonotic threats from avian and swine influenza viruses. Animal health also has been threatened by high pathogenic avian influenza viruses (in domestic poultry) and reverse zoonosis (in swine). Considering its dynamic interplay between species, prevention and control against IAV should be conducted effectively in both humans and animal sectors. Vaccination is one of the most efficient tools against IAV. Numerous vaccines against animal IAVs have been developed by a variety of vaccine technologies and some of them are currently commercially available. We summarize several challenges in control of IAVs faced by human and animals and discuss IAV vaccines for animal use with those application in susceptible populations.</p>
</abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd>Influenza A virus</kwd>
<kwd>Human</kwd>
<kwd>Poultry</kwd>
<kwd>Swine</kwd>
<kwd>Endemic diseases</kwd>
<kwd>Pandemics</kwd>
<kwd>Zoonoses</kwd>
<kwd>Vaccines</kwd>
</kwd-group>
<funding-group>
<award-group>
<funding-source>
<institution-wrap>
<institution>Konkuk University</institution>
<institution-id institution-id-type="CrossRef">http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100002641</institution-id>
</institution-wrap>
</funding-source>
</award-group>
</funding-group>
</article-meta>
</front>
<floats-group>
<fig id="F1" orientation="portrait" position="float">
<label>Fig. 1</label>
<caption>
<title>Schematic representation of the related factors for successful vaccination.</title>
</caption>
<graphic xlink:href="cevr-7-1-g001"></graphic>
</fig>
<table-wrap id="T1" orientation="portrait" position="float">
<label>Table 1</label>
<caption>
<title>Definitions and examples of disease outbreak costs</title>
</caption>
<alternatives>
<graphic xlink:href="cevr-7-1-i001"></graphic>
<table frame="hsides" rules="rows">
<col width="12.04%" span="1"></col>
<col width="15.71%" span="1"></col>
<col width="36.13%" span="1"></col>
<col width="36.13%" span="1"></col>
<thead>
<tr>
<th valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="background-color:rgb(255,240,220)"></th>
<th valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="background-color:rgb(255,240,220)"></th>
<th valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="background-color:rgb(255,240,220)">Definition</th>
<th valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="background-color:rgb(255,240,220)">Example</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="10" colspan="1">Direct costs</td>
<td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="3" colspan="1">Direct losses</td>
<td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="3" colspan="1">Direct losses originate from either the disease itself or sanitary control measures (stamping-out policies). The costs include culling and disposal costs as well as the value of culled animals.</td>
<td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Value of culled animals (including pre-emptive and welfare slaughter)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Culling</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Disposal</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="5" colspan="1">Control costs</td>
<td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="5" colspan="1">Control costs are incurred from expenses for equipment, facilities, disinfectants, protective clothing, and quarantine facility staffs during and after the disease outbreaks. The costs may also involve (ring) vaccination when it is applied.</td>
<td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Cleansing and disinfection, etc.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Veterinary inputs</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Administration of control measures</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Serology</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">(Ring) vaccination/buffer zone</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="2" colspan="1">Other direct production losses</td>
<td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="2" colspan="1">Economic losses on farm as a result of the fall in stock, movement restrictions, and the loss in animal value.</td>
<td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Business interruption losses directly caused by veterinary movement restrictions</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Partial loss of animal value (e.g., through vaccination etc.)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="4" colspan="1" style="background-color:rgb(255,240,220)">Indirect costs</td>
<td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="3" colspan="1" style="background-color:rgb(255,240,220)">Ripple effects</td>
<td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="3" colspan="1" style="background-color:rgb(255,240,220)">These are cascading effects on upstream and downstream activities along the value chain of the livestock following the disease outbreaks. The value chain consists of breeding, feed production, input supply production, collection and trade (of eggs or live birds), slaughter, processing, final sale, and consumption.</td>
<td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="background-color:rgb(255,240,220)">Price effects regarding livestock/livestock products</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="background-color:rgb(255,240,220)">Loss of access/opportunity to access, regional and international markets</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="background-color:rgb(255,240,220)">Impact on inputs (feed, breeding chicks, veterinary medicines)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="background-color:rgb(255,240,220)">Spill-over effects</td>
<td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="background-color:rgb(255,240,220)">Spill-over effects by disease outbreaks can occur in a context seemingly unrelated with agriculture, such as tourism and services. These two sectors are the most likely to be affected and the consequential economic impacts can be severe according to their contributions to national economy.</td>
<td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="background-color:rgb(255,240,220)">Drop in demand in the services sector (tourism, public transport, retail trade, hospitality, and food services)</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</alternatives>
<table-wrap-foot>
<fn>
<p>Modified from the World Organisation for Animal Health (2007), with permission of World Organisation for Animal Health [
<xref rid="B40" ref-type="bibr">40</xref>
].</p>
</fn>
</table-wrap-foot>
</table-wrap>
<table-wrap id="T2" orientation="portrait" position="float">
<label>Table 2</label>
<caption>
<title>Influenza A viruses (IAVs) in swine by region originated from human seasonal IAVs with isolation year of the most closely related genetic ancestor
<sup>a)</sup>
</title>
</caption>
<alternatives>
<graphic xlink:href="cevr-7-1-i002"></graphic>
<table frame="hsides" rules="rows">
<col width="20%" span="1"></col>
<col width="40%" span="1"></col>
<col width="20%" span="1"></col>
<col width="20%" span="1"></col>
<thead>
<tr>
<th valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="background-color:rgb(255,240,220)">Subtype</th>
<th valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="background-color:rgb(255,240,220)">Region or country</th>
<th valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="background-color:rgb(255,240,220)">HA</th>
<th valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="background-color:rgb(255,240,220)">NA</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="2" colspan="1">H1N1</td>
<td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">North America</td>
<td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2003</td>
<td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2003</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Argentina</td>
<td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2003</td>
<td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2003</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="4" colspan="1" style="background-color:rgb(255,240,220)">H1N2</td>
<td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="background-color:rgb(255,240,220)">North America</td>
<td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="background-color:rgb(255,240,220)">2003</td>
<td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="background-color:rgb(255,240,220)">2003</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="background-color:rgb(255,240,220)">Argentina</td>
<td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="background-color:rgb(255,240,220)">2003</td>
<td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="background-color:rgb(255,240,220)">2003</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="background-color:rgb(255,240,220)">Brazil</td>
<td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="background-color:rgb(255,240,220)">2002</td>
<td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="background-color:rgb(255,240,220)">1997</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="background-color:rgb(255,240,220)">Europe</td>
<td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="background-color:rgb(255,240,220)">1980</td>
<td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="background-color:rgb(255,240,220)">1973</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="13" colspan="1">H3N2</td>
<td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="2" colspan="1">North America</td>
<td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1996</td>
<td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1996</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td>
<td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2003</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Argentina</td>
<td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2001</td>
<td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2002</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Europe</td>
<td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1973</td>
<td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1973</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="4" colspan="1">China</td>
<td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1968</td>
<td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1968</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1973</td>
<td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1973</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1997</td>
<td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1997</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2004</td>
<td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2004</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="2" colspan="1">Thailand</td>
<td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1976</td>
<td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1976</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1997</td>
<td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1997</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Japan</td>
<td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1968</td>
<td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1968</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Vietnam</td>
<td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2004</td>
<td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2004</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">South Korea</td>
<td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1995</td>
<td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1995</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</alternatives>
<table-wrap-foot>
<fn>
<p>Modified from Vincent et al. Zoonoses Public Health 2014;61:4-17, with permission of John Wiley & Sons [
<xref rid="B9" ref-type="bibr">9</xref>
].</p>
<p>HA, hemagglutinin; NA, neuraminidase.</p>
<p>
<sup>a)</sup>
The information of H1N1pdm09 transmitted from human to pig was excluded.</p>
</fn>
</table-wrap-foot>
</table-wrap>
</floats-group>
</pmc>
</record>

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