Influenza
Identifieur interne : 000C73 ( Pmc/Curation ); précédent : 000C72; suivant : 000C74Influenza
Auteurs : Eliana Ferroni ; Tom JeffersonSource :
- BMJ Clinical Evidence [ 1752-8526 ] ; 2011.
Abstract
During the autumn–winter months (influenza seasons), influenza circulates more frequently, causing a greater proportion of influenza-like illness and sometimes serious seasonal epidemics. The incidence of symptoms related to influenza as well as influenza-like illness depends on the underlying immunity of the population.
We conducted a systematic review and aimed to answer the following clinical question: What are the effects of vaccines to prevent influenza? We searched: Medline, Embase, The Cochrane Library, and other important databases up to March 2011 (Clinical Evidence reviews are updated periodically; please check our website for the most up-to-date version of this review). We included harms alerts from relevant organisations such as the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the UK Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency (MHRA).
We found 9 systematic reviews, RCTs, or observational studies that met our inclusion criteria. We performed a GRADE evaluation of the quality of evidence for interventions.
In this systematic review we present information relating to the effectiveness and safety of the following interventions: vaccines in adults, children, and older people.
Url:
PubMed: 22018418
PubMed Central: 3217790
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<record><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">Influenza</title><author><name sortKey="Ferroni, Eliana" sort="Ferroni, Eliana" uniqKey="Ferroni E" first="Eliana" last="Ferroni">Eliana Ferroni</name></author><author><name sortKey="Jefferson, Tom" sort="Jefferson, Tom" uniqKey="Jefferson T" first="Tom" last="Jefferson">Tom Jefferson</name></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PMC</idno><idno type="pmid">22018418</idno><idno type="pmc">3217790</idno><idno type="url">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3217790</idno><idno type="RBID">PMC:3217790</idno><date when="2011">2011</date><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Corpus">000C73</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PMC">000C73</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Curation">000C73</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Curation">000C73</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">Influenza</title><author><name sortKey="Ferroni, Eliana" sort="Ferroni, Eliana" uniqKey="Ferroni E" first="Eliana" last="Ferroni">Eliana Ferroni</name></author><author><name sortKey="Jefferson, Tom" sort="Jefferson, Tom" uniqKey="Jefferson T" first="Tom" last="Jefferson">Tom Jefferson</name></author></analytic><series><title level="j">BMJ Clinical Evidence</title><idno type="eISSN">1752-8526</idno><imprint><date when="2011">2011</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Introduction</title><p>During the autumn–winter months (influenza seasons), influenza circulates more frequently, causing a greater proportion of influenza-like illness and sometimes serious seasonal epidemics. The incidence of symptoms related to influenza as well as influenza-like illness depends on the underlying immunity of the population.</p></sec><sec><title>Methods and outcomes</title><p>We conducted a systematic review and aimed to answer the following clinical question: What are the effects of vaccines to prevent influenza? We searched: Medline, Embase, The Cochrane Library, and other important databases up to March 2011 (Clinical Evidence reviews are updated periodically; please check our website for the most up-to-date version of this review). We included harms alerts from relevant organisations such as the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the UK Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency (MHRA).</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>We found 9 systematic reviews, RCTs, or observational studies that met our inclusion criteria. We performed a GRADE evaluation of the quality of evidence for interventions.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusions</title><p>In this systematic review we present information relating to the effectiveness and safety of the following interventions: vaccines in adults, children, and older people.</p></sec></div></front></TEI><pmc article-type="review-article"><pmc-comment>The publisher of this article does not allow downloading of the full text in XML form.</pmc-comment>
<front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">BMJ Clin Evid</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="iso-abbrev">BMJ Clin Evid</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Clin Evid</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title>BMJ Clinical Evidence</journal-title></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="epub">1752-8526</issn><publisher><publisher-name>BMJ Publishing Group</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="pmid">22018418</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="pmc">3217790</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">0911</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Infectious Diseases</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="secondary-section"><subject>Social and Community Health</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Influenza</article-title><alt-title alt-title-type="abridged">Influenza</alt-title></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" equal-contrib="yes" deceased="no"><name><surname>Ferroni</surname><given-names>Eliana</given-names></name><aff><institution>Acute Respiratory Infections Group, Cochrane Collaboration</institution><addr-line>Rome</addr-line><country>Italy</country></aff></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" equal-contrib="yes" deceased="no"><name><surname>Jefferson</surname><given-names>Tom</given-names></name><aff><institution>Acute Respiratory Infections Group, Cochrane Collaboration</institution><addr-line>Rome</addr-line><country>Italy</country></aff></contrib></contrib-group><author-notes><fn><p>EF declares that she has no competing interests. TJ is co-author of several reviews cited in this review. </p><p><italic>We would like to acknowledge the previous contributors of this review, including Timothy Uyeki and Lucy Hansen.</italic></p></fn></author-notes><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>21</day><month>10</month><year>2011</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2011</year></pub-date><volume>2011</volume><elocation-id>0911</elocation-id><permissions><copyright-statement>© BMJ Publishing Group Ltd, All Rights Reserved</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2011</copyright-year></permissions><self-uri xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="http://www.clinicalevidence.bmj.com/ceweb/pmc/2011/10/911/">This article is available from http://www.clinicalevidence.bmj.com/ceweb/pmc/2011/10/911/</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Introduction</title><p>During the autumn–winter months (influenza seasons), influenza circulates more frequently, causing a greater proportion of influenza-like illness and sometimes serious seasonal epidemics. The incidence of symptoms related to influenza as well as influenza-like illness depends on the underlying immunity of the population.</p></sec><sec><title>Methods and outcomes</title><p>We conducted a systematic review and aimed to answer the following clinical question: What are the effects of vaccines to prevent influenza? We searched: Medline, Embase, The Cochrane Library, and other important databases up to March 2011 (Clinical Evidence reviews are updated periodically; please check our website for the most up-to-date version of this review). We included harms alerts from relevant organisations such as the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the UK Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency (MHRA).</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>We found 9 systematic reviews, RCTs, or observational studies that met our inclusion criteria. We performed a GRADE evaluation of the quality of evidence for interventions.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusions</title><p>In this systematic review we present information relating to the effectiveness and safety of the following interventions: vaccines in adults, children, and older people.</p></sec></abstract><abstract abstract-type="key-points"><title>Key Points</title><p>Influenza viruses are constantly altering their antigenic structure, and every year the WHO recommends which strains of influenza should be included in vaccines.
<list list-type="bullet"><list-item><p>During the autumn–winter months, influenza circulates more frequently (influenza seasons), causing a greater proportion of influenza-like illness and sometimes serious seasonal epidemics.</p></list-item><list-item><p>The incidence of symptoms depends on the underlying immunity of the population.</p></list-item></list></p><p>When a significantly different form of influenza occurs by mutation, it can greatly increase infection rates as well as morbidity and mortality (a pandemic).</p><p>Influenza and influenza-like illness (caused by a range of other viruses) are clinically indistinguishable.
<list list-type="bullet"><list-item><p>Trials of vaccines assess how to prevent the symptoms and consequences of both, as well as assessing infection rates.</p></list-item><list-item><p>Many of the studies we found were industry sponsored or written by employees of vaccine companies.</p></list-item></list></p><p>Vaccines are effective in reducing symptoms and school absence in <xref ref-type="sub-article" rid="BMJ_0911_I6">children >2 years old</xref>, but we found no evidence that they reduce hospitalisation, pneumonia, or death.</p><p>Influenza vaccines have a modest effect in reducing influenza symptoms and working days lost in healthy <xref ref-type="sub-article" rid="BMJ_0911_I5">adults</xref>. We found no evidence that they affect complications, such as pneumonia or hospitalisations. However, vaccines may be associated with adverse effects.</p><p>Owing to the poor quality of the evidence, we cannot draw conclusions about the effects of influenza vaccines in <xref ref-type="sub-article" rid="BMJ_0911_I7">people aged 65 years and older</xref>.</p><p>Single studies reporting data for one or two seasons are difficult to interpret and not easy to generalise from, because of the marked variability of viral circulation.</p><p>Owing to concerns regarding the completeness of evidence on some antivirals, we have omitted the questions on antiviral chemoprophylaxis and treatment from the review at this update. These questions will be reinstated at the next update following publication of further data.</p></abstract><counts><table-count count="1"></table-count><ref-count count="29"></ref-count></counts></article-meta><notes notes-type="disclaimer"><sec><title>Disclaimer</title><p>The information contained in this publication is intended for medical professionals. Categories presented in Clinical Evidence indicate a judgement about the strength of the evidence available to our contributors prior to publication and the relevant importance of benefit and harms. We rely on our contributors to confirm the accuracy of the information presented and to adhere to describe accepted practices. Readers should be aware that professionals in the field may have different opinions. Because of this and regular advances in medical research we strongly recommend that readers' independently verify specified treatments and drugs including manufacturers' guidance. Also, the categories do not indicate whether a particular treatment is generally appropriate or whether it is suitable for a particular individual. Ultimately it is the readers' responsibility to make their own professional judgements, so to appropriately advise and treat their patients.To the fullest extent permitted by law, BMJ Publishing Group Limited and its editors are not responsible for any losses, injury or damage caused to any person or property (including under contract, by negligence, products liability or otherwise) whether they be direct or indirect, special, incidental or consequential, resulting from the application of the information in this publication.</p></sec></notes></front></pmc></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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