A Serological Survey of Antibodies to H5, H7 and H9 Avian Influenza Viruses amongst the Duck-Related Workers in Beijing, China
Identifieur interne : 000B50 ( Pmc/Curation ); précédent : 000B49; suivant : 000B51A Serological Survey of Antibodies to H5, H7 and H9 Avian Influenza Viruses amongst the Duck-Related Workers in Beijing, China
Auteurs : Peng Yang [République populaire de Chine] ; Chunna Ma [République populaire de Chine] ; Weixian Shi [République populaire de Chine] ; Shujuan Cui [République populaire de Chine] ; Guilan Lu [République populaire de Chine] ; Xiaomin Peng [République populaire de Chine] ; Daitao Zhang [République populaire de Chine] ; Yimeng Liu [République populaire de Chine] ; Huijie Liang [République populaire de Chine] ; Yi Zhang [République populaire de Chine] ; Li Zhang [République populaire de Chine] ; Holly Seale [Australie] ; Quanyi Wang [République populaire de Chine]Source :
- PLoS ONE [ 1932-6203 ] ; 2012.
Abstract
The continued spread of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) viruses of H5 and H7 subtypes and low pathogenic avian influenza (LPAI) viruses of H5, H7 and H9 subtypes in birds and the subsequent infections in humans pose an ongoing pandemic threat. It has been proposed that poultry workers are at higher risk of exposure to HPAI or LPAI viruses and subsequently infection due to their repeated exposure to chickens or domestic waterfowl. The aim of this study was to examine the seroprevalence of antibodies against H5, H7 and H9 viruses amongst duck-related workers in Beijing, China and the risk factors associated with seropositivity. In March, 2011, 1741 participants were recruited from (1) commercial duck-breeding farms; (2) private duck-breeding farms; and (3) duck-slaughtering farms. Local villagers who bred ducks in their backyards were also recruited. A survey was administered by face-to-face interview, and blood samples were collected from subjects for antibody testing against H5, H7 and H9 viruses. We found that none of the subjects were seropositive for either H5 or H7 viruses, and only 0.7% (12/1741) had antibody against H9. A statistically significant difference in H9 antibody seroprevalence existed between the various categories of workers (
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DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0050770
PubMed: 23226380
PubMed Central: 3511333
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China</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>Institute for Infectious Disease and Endemic Disease Control, Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control (CDC), Beijing</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Liu, Yimeng" sort="Liu, Yimeng" uniqKey="Liu Y" first="Yimeng" last="Liu">Yimeng Liu</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff1"><addr-line>Institute for Infectious Disease and Endemic Disease Control, Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control (CDC), Beijing, China</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>Institute for Infectious Disease and Endemic Disease Control, Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control (CDC), Beijing</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Liang, Huijie" sort="Liang, Huijie" uniqKey="Liang H" first="Huijie" last="Liang">Huijie Liang</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff1"><addr-line>Institute for Infectious Disease and Endemic Disease Control, Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control (CDC), Beijing, China</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>Institute for Infectious Disease and Endemic Disease Control, Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control (CDC), Beijing</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Zhang, Yi" sort="Zhang, Yi" uniqKey="Zhang Y" first="Yi" last="Zhang">Yi Zhang</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff1"><addr-line>Institute for Infectious Disease and Endemic Disease Control, Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control (CDC), Beijing, China</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>Institute for Infectious Disease and Endemic Disease Control, Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control (CDC), Beijing</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Zhang, Li" sort="Zhang, Li" uniqKey="Zhang L" first="Li" last="Zhang">Li Zhang</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff1"><addr-line>Institute for Infectious Disease and Endemic Disease Control, Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control (CDC), Beijing, China</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>Institute for Infectious Disease and Endemic Disease Control, Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control (CDC), Beijing</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Seale, Holly" sort="Seale, Holly" uniqKey="Seale H" first="Holly" last="Seale">Holly Seale</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff2"><addr-line>School of Public Health and Community Medicine, UNSW Medicine, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country><wicri:regionArea>School of Public Health and Community Medicine, UNSW Medicine, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wang, Quanyi" sort="Wang, Quanyi" uniqKey="Wang Q" first="Quanyi" last="Wang">Quanyi Wang</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff1"><addr-line>Institute for Infectious Disease and Endemic Disease Control, Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control (CDC), Beijing, China</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>Institute for Infectious Disease and Endemic Disease Control, Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control (CDC), Beijing</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PMC</idno><idno type="pmid">23226380</idno><idno type="pmc">3511333</idno><idno type="url">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3511333</idno><idno type="RBID">PMC:3511333</idno><idno type="doi">10.1371/journal.pone.0050770</idno><date when="2012">2012</date><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Corpus">000B50</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PMC">000B50</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Curation">000B50</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Curation">000B50</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">A Serological Survey of Antibodies to H5, H7 and H9 Avian Influenza Viruses amongst the Duck-Related Workers in Beijing, China</title><author><name sortKey="Yang, Peng" sort="Yang, Peng" uniqKey="Yang P" first="Peng" last="Yang">Peng Yang</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff1"><addr-line>Institute for Infectious Disease and Endemic Disease Control, Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control (CDC), Beijing, China</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>Institute for Infectious Disease and Endemic Disease Control, Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control (CDC), Beijing</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ma, Chunna" sort="Ma, Chunna" uniqKey="Ma C" first="Chunna" last="Ma">Chunna Ma</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff1"><addr-line>Institute for Infectious Disease and Endemic Disease Control, Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control (CDC), Beijing, China</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>Institute for Infectious Disease and Endemic Disease Control, Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control (CDC), Beijing</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Shi, Weixian" sort="Shi, Weixian" uniqKey="Shi W" first="Weixian" last="Shi">Weixian Shi</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff1"><addr-line>Institute for Infectious Disease and Endemic Disease Control, Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control (CDC), Beijing, China</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>Institute for Infectious Disease and Endemic Disease Control, Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control (CDC), Beijing</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Cui, Shujuan" sort="Cui, Shujuan" uniqKey="Cui S" first="Shujuan" last="Cui">Shujuan Cui</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff1"><addr-line>Institute for Infectious Disease and Endemic Disease Control, Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control (CDC), Beijing, China</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>Institute for Infectious Disease and Endemic Disease Control, Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control (CDC), Beijing</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lu, Guilan" sort="Lu, Guilan" uniqKey="Lu G" first="Guilan" last="Lu">Guilan Lu</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff1"><addr-line>Institute for Infectious Disease and Endemic Disease Control, Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control (CDC), Beijing, China</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>Institute for Infectious Disease and Endemic Disease Control, Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control (CDC), Beijing</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Peng, Xiaomin" sort="Peng, Xiaomin" uniqKey="Peng X" first="Xiaomin" last="Peng">Xiaomin Peng</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff1"><addr-line>Institute for Infectious Disease and Endemic Disease Control, Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control (CDC), Beijing, China</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>Institute for Infectious Disease and Endemic Disease Control, Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control (CDC), Beijing</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Zhang, Daitao" sort="Zhang, Daitao" uniqKey="Zhang D" first="Daitao" last="Zhang">Daitao Zhang</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff1"><addr-line>Institute for Infectious Disease and Endemic Disease Control, Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control (CDC), Beijing, China</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>Institute for Infectious Disease and Endemic Disease Control, Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control (CDC), Beijing</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Liu, Yimeng" sort="Liu, Yimeng" uniqKey="Liu Y" first="Yimeng" last="Liu">Yimeng Liu</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff1"><addr-line>Institute for Infectious Disease and Endemic Disease Control, Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control (CDC), Beijing, China</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>Institute for Infectious Disease and Endemic Disease Control, Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control (CDC), Beijing</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Liang, Huijie" sort="Liang, Huijie" uniqKey="Liang H" first="Huijie" last="Liang">Huijie Liang</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff1"><addr-line>Institute for Infectious Disease and Endemic Disease Control, Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control (CDC), Beijing, China</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>Institute for Infectious Disease and Endemic Disease Control, Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control (CDC), Beijing</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Zhang, Yi" sort="Zhang, Yi" uniqKey="Zhang Y" first="Yi" last="Zhang">Yi Zhang</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff1"><addr-line>Institute for Infectious Disease and Endemic Disease Control, Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control (CDC), Beijing, China</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>Institute for Infectious Disease and Endemic Disease Control, Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control (CDC), Beijing</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Zhang, Li" sort="Zhang, Li" uniqKey="Zhang L" first="Li" last="Zhang">Li Zhang</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff1"><addr-line>Institute for Infectious Disease and Endemic Disease Control, Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control (CDC), Beijing, China</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>Institute for Infectious Disease and Endemic Disease Control, Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control (CDC), Beijing</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Seale, Holly" sort="Seale, Holly" uniqKey="Seale H" first="Holly" last="Seale">Holly Seale</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff2"><addr-line>School of Public Health and Community Medicine, UNSW Medicine, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country><wicri:regionArea>School of Public Health and Community Medicine, UNSW Medicine, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wang, Quanyi" sort="Wang, Quanyi" uniqKey="Wang Q" first="Quanyi" last="Wang">Quanyi Wang</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff1"><addr-line>Institute for Infectious Disease and Endemic Disease Control, Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control (CDC), Beijing, China</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>Institute for Infectious Disease and Endemic Disease Control, Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control (CDC), Beijing</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">PLoS ONE</title><idno type="eISSN">1932-6203</idno><imprint><date when="2012">2012</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p>The continued spread of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) viruses of H5 and H7 subtypes and low pathogenic avian influenza (LPAI) viruses of H5, H7 and H9 subtypes in birds and the subsequent infections in humans pose an ongoing pandemic threat. It has been proposed that poultry workers are at higher risk of exposure to HPAI or LPAI viruses and subsequently infection due to their repeated exposure to chickens or domestic waterfowl. The aim of this study was to examine the seroprevalence of antibodies against H5, H7 and H9 viruses amongst duck-related workers in Beijing, China and the risk factors associated with seropositivity. In March, 2011, 1741 participants were recruited from (1) commercial duck-breeding farms; (2) private duck-breeding farms; and (3) duck-slaughtering farms. Local villagers who bred ducks in their backyards were also recruited. A survey was administered by face-to-face interview, and blood samples were collected from subjects for antibody testing against H5, H7 and H9 viruses. We found that none of the subjects were seropositive for either H5 or H7 viruses, and only 0.7% (12/1741) had antibody against H9. A statistically significant difference in H9 antibody seroprevalence existed between the various categories of workers (<italic>P</italic> = 0.005), with the highest figures recorded amongst the villagers (1.7%). Independent risk factors associated with seropositivity toinfection with H9 virus included less frequent disinfection of worksite (OR, 5.13 [95% CI, 1.07–24.58]; <italic>P</italic> = 0.041; ≤ twice monthly versus>twice monthly) and handling ducks with wounds on hands (OR, 4.13 [95% CI, 1.26–13.57]; <italic>P</italic> = 0.019). Whilst the risk of infection with H5, H7 and H9 viruses appears to be low among duck-related workers in Beijing, China, ongoing monitoring of infection with the H9 virus is still warranted, especially amongst villagers who breed backyard ducks to monitor for any changes.</p></div></front><back><div1 type="bibliography"><listBibl><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Alexander, Dj" uniqKey="Alexander D">DJ Alexander</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Abdel Ghafar, An" uniqKey="Abdel Ghafar A">AN Abdel-Ghafar</name></author><author><name sortKey="Chotpitayasunondh, T" uniqKey="Chotpitayasunondh T">T Chotpitayasunondh</name></author><author><name sortKey="Gao, Z" uniqKey="Gao Z">Z Gao</name></author><author><name sortKey="Hayden, Fg" uniqKey="Hayden F">FG Hayden</name></author><author><name sortKey="Nguyen, Dh" uniqKey="Nguyen D">DH Nguyen</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Kurtz, J" 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<front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">PLoS One</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="iso-abbrev">PLoS ONE</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">plos</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="pmc">plosone</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title>PLoS ONE</journal-title></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="epub">1932-6203</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Public Library of Science</publisher-name><publisher-loc>San Francisco, USA</publisher-loc></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="pmid">23226380</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="pmc">3511333</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">PONE-D-12-23269</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1371/journal.pone.0050770</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="Discipline-v2"><subject>Biology</subject><subj-group><subject>Population Biology</subject><subj-group><subject>Epidemiology</subject><subj-group><subject>Infectious Disease Epidemiology</subject></subj-group></subj-group></subj-group></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="Discipline-v2"><subject>Medicine</subject><subj-group><subject>Epidemiology</subject><subj-group><subject>Infectious Disease Epidemiology</subject></subj-group></subj-group><subj-group><subject>Global Health</subject></subj-group><subj-group><subject>Infectious diseases</subject><subj-group><subject>Zoonoses</subject><subj-group><subject>Avian influenza A viruses</subject></subj-group></subj-group></subj-group><subj-group><subject>Public Health</subject></subj-group></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>A Serological Survey of Antibodies to H5, H7 and H9 Avian Influenza Viruses amongst the Duck-Related Workers in Beijing, China</article-title><alt-title alt-title-type="running-head">Antibodies to H5, H7 and H9 in Duck Workers</alt-title></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Yang</surname><given-names>Peng</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Ma</surname><given-names>Chunna</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Shi</surname><given-names>Weixian</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Cui</surname><given-names>Shujuan</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Lu</surname><given-names>Guilan</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Peng</surname><given-names>Xiaomin</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Zhang</surname><given-names>Daitao</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Liu</surname><given-names>Yimeng</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Liang</surname><given-names>Huijie</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Zhang</surname><given-names>Yi</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Zhang</surname><given-names>Li</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Seale</surname><given-names>Holly</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"><sup>2</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Wang</surname><given-names>Quanyi</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup></xref><xref ref-type="corresp" rid="cor1"><sup>*</sup></xref></contrib></contrib-group><aff id="aff1"><label>1</label><addr-line>Institute for Infectious Disease and Endemic Disease Control, Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control (CDC), Beijing, China</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff2"><label>2</label><addr-line>School of Public Health and Community Medicine, UNSW Medicine, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia</addr-line></aff><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="editor"><name><surname>Brown</surname><given-names>Justin David</given-names></name><role>Editor</role><xref ref-type="aff" rid="edit1"></xref></contrib></contrib-group><aff id="edit1"><addr-line>University of Georgia, United States of America</addr-line></aff><author-notes><corresp id="cor1">* E-mail: <email>bjcdcxm@126.com</email></corresp><fn fn-type="COI-statement"><p><bold>Competing Interests: </bold>The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.</p></fn><fn fn-type="con"><p>Conceived and designed the experiments: QW PY. Performed the experiments: QW PY CM WS SC GL XP HL. Analyzed the data: PY CM YZ LZ. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: WS SC DZ YL. Wrote the paper: QW PY. Critical revision of the manuscript for important intellectual content: HS.</p></fn></author-notes><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2012</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>30</day><month>11</month><year>2012</year></pub-date><volume>7</volume><issue>11</issue><elocation-id>e50770</elocation-id><history><date date-type="received"><day>2</day><month>8</month><year>2012</year></date><date date-type="accepted"><day>24</day><month>10</month><year>2012</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement>© 2012 Yang et al</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2012</copyright-year><copyright-holder>Yang et al</copyright-holder><license xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"><license-p>This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are properly credited.</license-p></license></permissions><abstract><p>The continued spread of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) viruses of H5 and H7 subtypes and low pathogenic avian influenza (LPAI) viruses of H5, H7 and H9 subtypes in birds and the subsequent infections in humans pose an ongoing pandemic threat. It has been proposed that poultry workers are at higher risk of exposure to HPAI or LPAI viruses and subsequently infection due to their repeated exposure to chickens or domestic waterfowl. The aim of this study was to examine the seroprevalence of antibodies against H5, H7 and H9 viruses amongst duck-related workers in Beijing, China and the risk factors associated with seropositivity. In March, 2011, 1741 participants were recruited from (1) commercial duck-breeding farms; (2) private duck-breeding farms; and (3) duck-slaughtering farms. Local villagers who bred ducks in their backyards were also recruited. A survey was administered by face-to-face interview, and blood samples were collected from subjects for antibody testing against H5, H7 and H9 viruses. We found that none of the subjects were seropositive for either H5 or H7 viruses, and only 0.7% (12/1741) had antibody against H9. A statistically significant difference in H9 antibody seroprevalence existed between the various categories of workers (<italic>P</italic> = 0.005), with the highest figures recorded amongst the villagers (1.7%). Independent risk factors associated with seropositivity toinfection with H9 virus included less frequent disinfection of worksite (OR, 5.13 [95% CI, 1.07–24.58]; <italic>P</italic> = 0.041; ≤ twice monthly versus>twice monthly) and handling ducks with wounds on hands (OR, 4.13 [95% CI, 1.26–13.57]; <italic>P</italic> = 0.019). Whilst the risk of infection with H5, H7 and H9 viruses appears to be low among duck-related workers in Beijing, China, ongoing monitoring of infection with the H9 virus is still warranted, especially amongst villagers who breed backyard ducks to monitor for any changes.</p></abstract><funding-group><funding-statement>This work was supported by the Beijing Nova Program (2011047) of Beijing Science and Technology Commission (<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.bjkw.gov.cn">http://www.bjkw.gov.cn</ext-link>) and the National Key Program for Infectious Disease of China (2012ZX10004215-003-001) of Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology (<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.most.gov.cn/">http://www.most.gov.cn/</ext-link>). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.</funding-statement></funding-group><counts><page-count count="7"></page-count></counts></article-meta></front></pmc></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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