Low 2018/19 vaccine effectiveness against influenza A(H3N2) among 15–64-year-olds in Europe: exploration by birth cohort
Identifieur interne : 000958 ( Pmc/Curation ); précédent : 000957; suivant : 000959Low 2018/19 vaccine effectiveness against influenza A(H3N2) among 15–64-year-olds in Europe: exploration by birth cohort
Auteurs : Esther Kissling [France] ; Francisco Pozo [Espagne] ; Silke Buda [Allemagne] ; Ana-Maria Vilcu [France] ; Alin Gherasim [Espagne] ; Mia Brytting [Suède] ; Lisa Domegan [Irlande (pays), Suède] ; Ver Nica G Mez [Portugal] ; Adam Meijer [Pays-Bas] ; Mihaela Lazar [Roumanie] ; Vesna Višekruna Vu Ina [Croatie] ; Ralf Dürrwald [Allemagne] ; Sylvie Van Der Werf [France] ; Amparo Larrauri [Espagne] ; Theresa Enkirch [Suède] ; Joan O Onnell [Irlande (pays)] ; Raquel Guiomar [Portugal] ; Mariëtte Hooiveld [Pays-Bas] ; Goranka Petrovi [Croatie] ; Elena Stoian [Roumanie] ; Pasi Penttinen [Suède] ; Marta Valenciano [France]Source :
- Eurosurveillance [ 1025-496X ] ; 2019.
Abstract
Influenza A(H3N2) clades 3C.2a and 3C.3a co-circulated in Europe in 2018/19. Immunological imprinting by first childhood influenza infection may induce future birth cohort differences in vaccine effectiveness (VE).
The I-MOVE multicentre primary care test-negative study assessed 2018/19 influenza A(H3N2) VE by age and genetic subgroups to explore VE by birth cohort.
We measured VE against influenza A(H3N2) and (sub)clades. We stratified VE by usual age groups (0–14, 15–64, ≥ 65-years). To assess the imprint-regulated effect of vaccine (I-REV) hypothesis, we further stratified the middle-aged group, notably including 32–54-year-olds (1964–86) sharing potential childhood imprinting to serine at haemagglutinin position 159.
Influenza A(H3N2) VE among all ages was −1% (95% confidence interval (CI): −24 to 18) and 46% (95% CI: 8–68), −26% (95% CI: −66 to 4) and 20% (95% CI: −20 to 46) among 0–14, 15–64 and ≥ 65-year-olds, respectively. Among 15–64-year-olds, VE against clades 3C.2a1b and 3C.3a was 15% (95% CI: −34 to 50) and −74% (95% CI: −259 to 16), respectively. VE was −18% (95% CI: −140 to 41), −53% (95% CI: −131 to −2) and −12% (95% CI: −74 to 28) among 15–31-year-olds (1987–2003), 32–54-year-olds (1964–86) and 55–64-year-olds (1954–63), respectively.
The lowest 2018/19 influenza A(H3N2) VE was against clade 3C.3a and among those born 1964–86, corresponding to the I-REV hypothesis. The low influenza A(H3N2) VE in 15–64-year-olds and the public health impact of the I-REV hypothesis warrant further study.
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DOI: 10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2019.24.48.1900604
PubMed: 31796152
PubMed Central: 6891946
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xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea>National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lazar, Mihaela" sort="Lazar, Mihaela" uniqKey="Lazar M" first="Mihaela" last="Lazar">Mihaela Lazar</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff12">”Cantacuzino” National Military-Medical Institute for Research and Development, Bucharest, Romania</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Roumanie</country><wicri:regionArea>”Cantacuzino” National Military-Medical Institute for Research and Development, Bucharest</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Vu Ina, Vesna Visekruna" sort="Vu Ina, Vesna Visekruna" uniqKey="Vu Ina V" first="Vesna Višekruna" last="Vu Ina">Vesna Višekruna Vu Ina</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff13">Croatian Institute of Public Health, Division for epidemiology of communicable diseases, Zagreb, Croatia</nlm:aff><country 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xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>Unité de Génétique Moléculaire des Virus à ARN, Institut Pasteur, CNRS UMR3569, Université Paris Diderot SPC</wicri:regionArea></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff16">CNR des virus des infections respiratoires, WHO National Influenza Center, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>CNR des virus des infections respiratoires, WHO National Influenza Center, Institut Pasteur, Paris</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Larrauri, Amparo" sort="Larrauri, Amparo" uniqKey="Larrauri A" first="Amparo" last="Larrauri">Amparo Larrauri</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff5">National Epidemiology Centre, Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Espagne</country><wicri:regionArea>National Epidemiology Centre, Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid</wicri:regionArea></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff6">CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Espagne</country><wicri:regionArea>CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Enkirch, Theresa" sort="Enkirch, Theresa" uniqKey="Enkirch T" first="Theresa" last="Enkirch">Theresa Enkirch</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff7">Public Health Agency of Sweden, Stockholm, Sweden</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Suède</country><wicri:regionArea>Public Health Agency of Sweden, Stockholm</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="O Onnell, Joan" sort="O Onnell, Joan" uniqKey="O Onnell J" first="Joan" last="O Onnell">Joan O Onnell</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff8">Health Service Executive- Health Protection Surveillance Centre, Dublin, Ireland</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Irlande (pays)</country><wicri:regionArea>Health Service Executive- Health Protection Surveillance Centre, Dublin</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Guiomar, Raquel" sort="Guiomar, Raquel" uniqKey="Guiomar R" first="Raquel" last="Guiomar">Raquel Guiomar</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff17">Departamento de Doenças Infeciosas, Instituto Nacional de Saúde Dr. Ricardo Jorge, Lisbon, Portugal</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Portugal</country><wicri:regionArea>Departamento de Doenças Infeciosas, Instituto Nacional de Saúde Dr. Ricardo Jorge, Lisbon</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hooiveld, Mariette" sort="Hooiveld, Mariette" uniqKey="Hooiveld M" first="Mariëtte" last="Hooiveld">Mariëtte Hooiveld</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff18">Nivel (Netherlands Institute for Health Services Research), Utrecht, the Netherlands</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea>Nivel (Netherlands Institute for Health Services Research), Utrecht</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Petrovi, Goranka" sort="Petrovi, Goranka" uniqKey="Petrovi G" first="Goranka" last="Petrovi">Goranka Petrovi</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff13">Croatian Institute of Public Health, Division for epidemiology of communicable diseases, Zagreb, Croatia</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Croatie</country><wicri:regionArea>Croatian Institute of Public Health, Division for epidemiology of communicable diseases, Zagreb</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Stoian, Elena" sort="Stoian, Elena" uniqKey="Stoian E" first="Elena" last="Stoian">Elena Stoian</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff12">”Cantacuzino” National Military-Medical Institute for Research and Development, Bucharest, Romania</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Roumanie</country><wicri:regionArea>”Cantacuzino” National Military-Medical Institute for Research and Development, Bucharest</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Penttinen, Pasi" sort="Penttinen, Pasi" uniqKey="Penttinen P" first="Pasi" last="Penttinen">Pasi Penttinen</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff19">European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC), Stockholm, Sweden</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Suède</country><wicri:regionArea>European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC), Stockholm</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Valenciano, Marta" sort="Valenciano, Marta" uniqKey="Valenciano M" first="Marta" last="Valenciano">Marta Valenciano</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff1">Epidemiology Department, Epiconcept, Paris, France</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>Epidemiology Department, Epiconcept, Paris</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PMC</idno><idno type="pmid">31796152</idno><idno type="pmc">6891946</idno><idno type="url">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6891946</idno><idno type="RBID">PMC:6891946</idno><idno type="doi">10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2019.24.48.1900604</idno><date when="2019">2019</date><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Corpus">000958</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PMC">000958</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Curation">000958</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Curation">000958</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">Low 2018/19 vaccine effectiveness against influenza A(H3N2) among 15–64-year-olds in Europe: exploration by birth cohort</title><author><name sortKey="Kissling, Esther" sort="Kissling, Esther" uniqKey="Kissling E" first="Esther" last="Kissling">Esther Kissling</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff1">Epidemiology Department, Epiconcept, Paris, France</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>Epidemiology Department, Epiconcept, Paris</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Pozo, Francisco" sort="Pozo, Francisco" uniqKey="Pozo F" first="Francisco" last="Pozo">Francisco Pozo</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff2">National Centre for Microbiology, National Influenza Reference Laboratory, WHO-National Influenza Centre, Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Espagne</country><wicri:regionArea>National Centre for Microbiology, National Influenza Reference Laboratory, WHO-National Influenza Centre, Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Buda, Silke" sort="Buda, Silke" uniqKey="Buda S" first="Silke" last="Buda">Silke Buda</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff3">Robert Koch Institute, Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Respiratory Infections Unit, Berlin, Germany</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Robert Koch Institute, Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Respiratory Infections Unit, Berlin</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Vilcu, Ana Maria" sort="Vilcu, Ana Maria" uniqKey="Vilcu A" first="Ana-Maria" last="Vilcu">Ana-Maria Vilcu</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff4">Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Institut Pierre Louis d’épidémiologie et de Santé Publique (IPLESP UMRS 1136), Paris, France</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Institut Pierre Louis d’épidémiologie et de Santé Publique (IPLESP UMRS 1136), Paris</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gherasim, Alin" sort="Gherasim, Alin" uniqKey="Gherasim A" first="Alin" last="Gherasim">Alin Gherasim</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff5">National Epidemiology Centre, Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Espagne</country><wicri:regionArea>National Epidemiology Centre, Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid</wicri:regionArea></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff6">CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Espagne</country><wicri:regionArea>CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Brytting, Mia" sort="Brytting, Mia" uniqKey="Brytting M" first="Mia" last="Brytting">Mia Brytting</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff7">Public Health Agency of Sweden, Stockholm, Sweden</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Suède</country><wicri:regionArea>Public Health Agency of Sweden, Stockholm</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Domegan, Lisa" sort="Domegan, Lisa" uniqKey="Domegan L" first="Lisa" last="Domegan">Lisa Domegan</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff8">Health Service Executive- Health Protection Surveillance Centre, Dublin, Ireland</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Irlande (pays)</country><wicri:regionArea>Health Service Executive- Health Protection Surveillance Centre, Dublin</wicri:regionArea></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff9">European Programme for Intervention Epidemiology Training (EPIET), European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC), Stockholm, Sweden</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Suède</country><wicri:regionArea>European Programme for Intervention Epidemiology Training (EPIET), European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC), Stockholm</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="G Mez, Ver Nica" sort="G Mez, Ver Nica" uniqKey="G Mez V" first="Ver Nica" last="G Mez">Ver Nica G Mez</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff10">Departamento de Epidemiologia, Instituto Nacional de Saúde Dr. Ricardo Jorge, Lisbon, Portugal</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Portugal</country><wicri:regionArea>Departamento de Epidemiologia, Instituto Nacional de Saúde Dr. Ricardo Jorge, Lisbon</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Meijer, Adam" sort="Meijer, Adam" uniqKey="Meijer A" first="Adam" last="Meijer">Adam Meijer</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff11">National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, the Netherlands</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea>National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lazar, Mihaela" sort="Lazar, Mihaela" uniqKey="Lazar M" first="Mihaela" last="Lazar">Mihaela Lazar</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff12">”Cantacuzino” National Military-Medical Institute for Research and Development, Bucharest, Romania</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Roumanie</country><wicri:regionArea>”Cantacuzino” National Military-Medical Institute for Research and Development, Bucharest</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Vu Ina, Vesna Visekruna" sort="Vu Ina, Vesna Visekruna" uniqKey="Vu Ina V" first="Vesna Višekruna" last="Vu Ina">Vesna Višekruna Vu Ina</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff13">Croatian Institute of Public Health, Division for epidemiology of communicable diseases, Zagreb, Croatia</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Croatie</country><wicri:regionArea>Croatian Institute of Public Health, Division for epidemiology of communicable diseases, Zagreb</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Durrwald, Ralf" sort="Durrwald, Ralf" uniqKey="Durrwald R" first="Ralf" last="Dürrwald">Ralf Dürrwald</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff14">Robert Koch Institute, National Reference Center for Influenza, Germany</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Robert Koch Institute, National Reference Center for Influenza</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Van Der Werf, Sylvie" sort="Van Der Werf, Sylvie" uniqKey="Van Der Werf S" first="Sylvie" last="Van Der Werf">Sylvie Van Der Werf</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff15">Unité de Génétique Moléculaire des Virus à ARN, Institut Pasteur, CNRS UMR3569, Université Paris Diderot SPC, France</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>Unité de Génétique Moléculaire des Virus à ARN, Institut Pasteur, CNRS UMR3569, Université Paris Diderot SPC</wicri:regionArea></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff16">CNR des virus des infections respiratoires, WHO National Influenza Center, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>CNR des virus des infections respiratoires, WHO National Influenza Center, Institut Pasteur, Paris</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Larrauri, Amparo" sort="Larrauri, Amparo" uniqKey="Larrauri A" first="Amparo" last="Larrauri">Amparo Larrauri</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff5">National Epidemiology Centre, Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Espagne</country><wicri:regionArea>National Epidemiology Centre, Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid</wicri:regionArea></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff6">CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Espagne</country><wicri:regionArea>CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Enkirch, Theresa" sort="Enkirch, Theresa" uniqKey="Enkirch T" first="Theresa" last="Enkirch">Theresa Enkirch</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff7">Public Health Agency of Sweden, Stockholm, Sweden</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Suède</country><wicri:regionArea>Public Health Agency of Sweden, Stockholm</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="O Onnell, Joan" sort="O Onnell, Joan" uniqKey="O Onnell J" first="Joan" last="O Onnell">Joan O Onnell</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff8">Health Service Executive- Health Protection Surveillance Centre, Dublin, Ireland</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Irlande (pays)</country><wicri:regionArea>Health Service Executive- Health Protection Surveillance Centre, Dublin</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Guiomar, Raquel" sort="Guiomar, Raquel" uniqKey="Guiomar R" first="Raquel" last="Guiomar">Raquel Guiomar</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff17">Departamento de Doenças Infeciosas, Instituto Nacional de Saúde Dr. Ricardo Jorge, Lisbon, Portugal</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Portugal</country><wicri:regionArea>Departamento de Doenças Infeciosas, Instituto Nacional de Saúde Dr. Ricardo Jorge, Lisbon</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hooiveld, Mariette" sort="Hooiveld, Mariette" uniqKey="Hooiveld M" first="Mariëtte" last="Hooiveld">Mariëtte Hooiveld</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff18">Nivel (Netherlands Institute for Health Services Research), Utrecht, the Netherlands</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea>Nivel (Netherlands Institute for Health Services Research), Utrecht</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Petrovi, Goranka" sort="Petrovi, Goranka" uniqKey="Petrovi G" first="Goranka" last="Petrovi">Goranka Petrovi</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff13">Croatian Institute of Public Health, Division for epidemiology of communicable diseases, Zagreb, Croatia</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Croatie</country><wicri:regionArea>Croatian Institute of Public Health, Division for epidemiology of communicable diseases, Zagreb</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Stoian, Elena" sort="Stoian, Elena" uniqKey="Stoian E" first="Elena" last="Stoian">Elena Stoian</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff12">”Cantacuzino” National Military-Medical Institute for Research and Development, Bucharest, Romania</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Roumanie</country><wicri:regionArea>”Cantacuzino” National Military-Medical Institute for Research and Development, Bucharest</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Penttinen, Pasi" sort="Penttinen, Pasi" uniqKey="Penttinen P" first="Pasi" last="Penttinen">Pasi Penttinen</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff19">European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC), Stockholm, Sweden</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Suède</country><wicri:regionArea>European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC), Stockholm</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Valenciano, Marta" sort="Valenciano, Marta" uniqKey="Valenciano M" first="Marta" last="Valenciano">Marta Valenciano</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff1">Epidemiology Department, Epiconcept, Paris, France</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>Epidemiology Department, Epiconcept, Paris</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">Eurosurveillance</title><idno type="ISSN">1025-496X</idno><idno type="eISSN">1560-7917</idno><imprint><date when="2019">2019</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Introduction</title><p>Influenza A(H3N2) clades 3C.2a and 3C.3a co-circulated in Europe in 2018/19. Immunological imprinting by first childhood influenza infection may induce future birth cohort differences in vaccine effectiveness (VE).</p></sec><sec><title>Aim</title><p>The I-MOVE multicentre primary care test-negative study assessed 2018/19 influenza A(H3N2) VE by age and genetic subgroups to explore VE by birth cohort.</p></sec><sec><title>Methods</title><p>We measured VE against influenza A(H3N2) and (sub)clades. We stratified VE by usual age groups (0–14, 15–64, ≥ 65-years). To assess the imprint-regulated effect of vaccine (I-REV) hypothesis, we further stratified the middle-aged group, notably including 32–54-year-olds (1964–86) sharing potential childhood imprinting to serine at haemagglutinin position 159.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Influenza A(H3N2) VE among all ages was −1% (95% confidence interval (CI): −24 to 18) and 46% (95% CI: 8–68), −26% (95% CI: −66 to 4) and 20% (95% CI: −20 to 46) among 0–14, 15–64 and ≥ 65-year-olds, respectively. Among 15–64-year-olds, VE against clades 3C.2a1b and 3C.3a was 15% (95% CI: −34 to 50) and −74% (95% CI: −259 to 16), respectively. VE was −18% (95% CI: −140 to 41), −53% (95% CI: −131 to −2) and −12% (95% CI: −74 to 28) among 15–31-year-olds (1987–2003), 32–54-year-olds (1964–86) and 55–64-year-olds (1954–63), respectively.</p></sec><sec><title>Discussion</title><p>The lowest 2018/19 influenza A(H3N2) VE was against clade 3C.3a and among those born 1964–86, corresponding to the I-REV hypothesis. The low influenza A(H3N2) VE in 15–64-year-olds and the public health impact of the I-REV hypothesis warrant further study.</p></sec></div></front><back><div1 type="bibliography"><listBibl><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Kissling, E" uniqKey="Kissling E">E Kissling</name></author><author><name sortKey="Valenciano, M" uniqKey="Valenciano M">M Valenciano</name></author><author><name sortKey="Pozo, F" uniqKey="Pozo F">F Pozo</name></author><author><name sortKey="Vilcu, Am" uniqKey="Vilcu A">AM Vilcu</name></author><author><name sortKey="Reuss, A" uniqKey="Reuss A">A Reuss</name></author><author><name sortKey="Rizzo, C" uniqKey="Rizzo C">C Rizzo</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Kissling, E" uniqKey="Kissling E">E Kissling</name></author><author><name sortKey="Pozo, F" uniqKey="Pozo F">F Pozo</name></author><author><name sortKey="Buda, S" uniqKey="Buda 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<front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Euro Surveill</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="iso-abbrev">Euro Surveill</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">eurosurveillance</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title>Eurosurveillance</journal-title></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1025-496X</issn><issn pub-type="epub">1560-7917</issn><publisher><publisher-name>European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC)</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="pmid">31796152</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="pmc">6891946</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">1900604</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2019.24.48.1900604</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">1900604</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Low 2018/19 vaccine effectiveness against influenza A(H3N2) among 15–64-year-olds in Europe: exploration by birth cohort</article-title></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Kissling</surname><given-names>Esther</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Pozo</surname><given-names>Francisco</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"><sup>2</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Buda</surname><given-names>Silke</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"><sup>3</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Vilcu</surname><given-names>Ana-Maria</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"><sup>4</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Gherasim</surname><given-names>Alin</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5"><sup>5</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff6"><sup>6</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Brytting</surname><given-names>Mia</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff7"><sup>7</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Domegan</surname><given-names>Lisa</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff8"><sup>8</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff9"><sup>9</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Gómez</surname><given-names>Verónica</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff10"><sup>10</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Meijer</surname><given-names>Adam</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff11"><sup>11</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Lazar</surname><given-names>Mihaela</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff12"><sup>12</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Vučina</surname><given-names>Vesna Višekruna</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff13"><sup>13</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Dürrwald</surname><given-names>Ralf</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff14"><sup>14</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>van der Werf</surname><given-names>Sylvie</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff15"><sup>15</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff16"><sup>16</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Larrauri</surname><given-names>Amparo</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5"><sup>5</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff6"><sup>6</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Enkirch</surname><given-names>Theresa</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff7"><sup>7</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>O’Donnell</surname><given-names>Joan</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff8"><sup>8</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Guiomar</surname><given-names>Raquel</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff17"><sup>17</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Hooiveld</surname><given-names>Mariëtte</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff18"><sup>18</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Petrović</surname><given-names>Goranka</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff13"><sup>13</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Stoian</surname><given-names>Elena</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff12"><sup>12</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Penttinen</surname><given-names>Pasi</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff19"><sup>19</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Valenciano</surname><given-names>Marta</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><collab>I-MOVE primary care study team</collab><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff20"><sup>20</sup></xref></contrib><aff id="aff1"><label>1</label>Epidemiology Department, Epiconcept, Paris, France</aff><aff id="aff2"><label>2</label>National Centre for Microbiology, National Influenza Reference Laboratory, WHO-National Influenza Centre, Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain</aff><aff id="aff3"><label>3</label>Robert Koch Institute, Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Respiratory Infections Unit, Berlin, Germany</aff><aff id="aff4"><label>4</label>Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Institut Pierre Louis d’épidémiologie et de Santé Publique (IPLESP UMRS 1136), Paris, France</aff><aff id="aff5"><label>5</label>National Epidemiology Centre, Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain</aff><aff id="aff6"><label>6</label>CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain</aff><aff id="aff7"><label>7</label>Public Health Agency of Sweden, Stockholm, Sweden</aff><aff id="aff8"><label>8</label>Health Service Executive- Health Protection Surveillance Centre, Dublin, Ireland</aff><aff id="aff9"><label>9</label>European Programme for Intervention Epidemiology Training (EPIET), European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC), Stockholm, Sweden</aff><aff id="aff10"><label>10</label>Departamento de Epidemiologia, Instituto Nacional de Saúde Dr. Ricardo Jorge, Lisbon, Portugal</aff><aff id="aff11"><label>11</label>National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, the Netherlands</aff><aff id="aff12"><label>12</label>”Cantacuzino” National Military-Medical Institute for Research and Development, Bucharest, Romania</aff><aff id="aff13"><label>13</label>Croatian Institute of Public Health, Division for epidemiology of communicable diseases, Zagreb, Croatia</aff><aff id="aff14"><label>14</label>Robert Koch Institute, National Reference Center for Influenza, Germany</aff><aff id="aff15"><label>15</label>Unité de Génétique Moléculaire des Virus à ARN, Institut Pasteur, CNRS UMR3569, Université Paris Diderot SPC, France</aff><aff id="aff16"><label>16</label>CNR des virus des infections respiratoires, WHO National Influenza Center, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France</aff><aff id="aff17"><label>17</label>Departamento de Doenças Infeciosas, Instituto Nacional de Saúde Dr. Ricardo Jorge, Lisbon, Portugal</aff><aff id="aff18"><label>18</label>Nivel (Netherlands Institute for Health Services Research), Utrecht, the Netherlands</aff><aff id="aff19"><label>19</label>European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC), Stockholm, Sweden</aff><aff id="aff20"><label>20</label>The I-MOVE primary care study team members are listed at the end of the article</aff></contrib-group><author-notes><fn id="afn1"><p>Correspondence: Esther Kissling (<email xlink:href="e.kissling@epiconcept.fr">e.kissling@epiconcept.fr</email>)</p></fn></author-notes><pub-date pub-type="ppub"><day>28</day><month>11</month><year>2019</year></pub-date><volume>24</volume><issue>48</issue><elocation-id>1900604</elocation-id><history><date date-type="received"><day>30</day><month>9</month><year>2019</year></date><date date-type="accepted"><day>06</day><month>11</month><year>2019</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement>This article is copyright of the authors or their affiliated institutions, 2019.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2019</copyright-year><copyright-holder>The authors or their affiliated institutions</copyright-holder><license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"><license-p>This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY 4.0) Licence. You may share and adapt the material, but must give appropriate credit to the source, provide a link to the licence, and indicate if changes were made.</license-p></license></permissions><abstract><sec><title>Introduction</title><p>Influenza A(H3N2) clades 3C.2a and 3C.3a co-circulated in Europe in 2018/19. Immunological imprinting by first childhood influenza infection may induce future birth cohort differences in vaccine effectiveness (VE).</p></sec><sec><title>Aim</title><p>The I-MOVE multicentre primary care test-negative study assessed 2018/19 influenza A(H3N2) VE by age and genetic subgroups to explore VE by birth cohort.</p></sec><sec><title>Methods</title><p>We measured VE against influenza A(H3N2) and (sub)clades. We stratified VE by usual age groups (0–14, 15–64, ≥ 65-years). To assess the imprint-regulated effect of vaccine (I-REV) hypothesis, we further stratified the middle-aged group, notably including 32–54-year-olds (1964–86) sharing potential childhood imprinting to serine at haemagglutinin position 159.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Influenza A(H3N2) VE among all ages was −1% (95% confidence interval (CI): −24 to 18) and 46% (95% CI: 8–68), −26% (95% CI: −66 to 4) and 20% (95% CI: −20 to 46) among 0–14, 15–64 and ≥ 65-year-olds, respectively. Among 15–64-year-olds, VE against clades 3C.2a1b and 3C.3a was 15% (95% CI: −34 to 50) and −74% (95% CI: −259 to 16), respectively. VE was −18% (95% CI: −140 to 41), −53% (95% CI: −131 to −2) and −12% (95% CI: −74 to 28) among 15–31-year-olds (1987–2003), 32–54-year-olds (1964–86) and 55–64-year-olds (1954–63), respectively.</p></sec><sec><title>Discussion</title><p>The lowest 2018/19 influenza A(H3N2) VE was against clade 3C.3a and among those born 1964–86, corresponding to the I-REV hypothesis. The low influenza A(H3N2) VE in 15–64-year-olds and the public health impact of the I-REV hypothesis warrant further study.</p></sec></abstract><kwd-group><title>Keywords: </title><kwd>influenza</kwd><kwd>vaccine effectiveness</kwd><kwd>birth cohorts</kwd><kwd>imprinting</kwd><kwd>A(H3N2)</kwd><kwd>multicentre study</kwd></kwd-group><custom-meta-group><custom-meta><meta-name>sequence</meta-name><meta-value>5</meta-value></custom-meta></custom-meta-group></article-meta></front></pmc></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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