Epidemiology and Relative Severity of Influenza Subtypes in Singapore in the Post-Pandemic Period from 2009 to 2010
Identifieur interne : 000941 ( Pmc/Curation ); précédent : 000940; suivant : 000942Epidemiology and Relative Severity of Influenza Subtypes in Singapore in the Post-Pandemic Period from 2009 to 2010
Auteurs : Ee Hui Goh [Singapour] ; Lili Jiang [Singapour] ; Jung Pu Hsu [Singapour] ; Linda Wei Lin Tan [Singapour] ; Wei Yen Lim [Singapour] ; Meng Chee Phoon [Singapour] ; Yee Sin Leo ; Ian G. Barr [Australie] ; Vincent Tak Kwong Chow [Singapour] ; Vernon J. Lee [Singapour] ; Cui Lin [Singapour] ; Raymond Lin [Singapour] ; Sapna P. Sadarangani ; Barnaby Young ; Mark I-Cheng Chen [Singapour]Source :
- Clinical Infectious Diseases: An Official Publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America [ 1058-4838 ] ; 2017.
Abstract
We assessed and found cross-protection between the influenza pandemic and 2 seasonal viruses that circulated in Singapore. Age-related differences in disease severity between the subtypes were investigated, and we demonstrate birth cohort effects consistent with the theory of antigenic sin.
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DOI: 10.1093/cid/cix694
PubMed: 29028950
PubMed Central: 5850443
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Jung Pu Hsu<affiliation><nlm:aff id="AF0002">Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute of Infectious Diseases and Epidemiology, Tan Tock Seng Hospital</nlm:aff><wicri:noCountry code="subfield">Tan Tock Seng Hospital</wicri:noCountry></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="AF0002">Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute of Infectious Diseases and Epidemiology, Tan Tock Seng Hospital</nlm:aff><wicri:noCountry code="subfield">Tan Tock Seng Hospital</wicri:noCountry></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="AF0006">Biodefence Centre, Singapore Armed Forces</nlm:aff><wicri:noCountry code="subfield">Singapore Armed Forces</wicri:noCountry></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="AF0002">Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute of Infectious Diseases and Epidemiology, Tan Tock Seng Hospital</nlm:aff><wicri:noCountry code="subfield">Tan Tock Seng Hospital</wicri:noCountry></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="AF0002">Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute of Infectious Diseases and Epidemiology, Tan Tock Seng Hospital</nlm:aff><wicri:noCountry code="subfield">Tan Tock Seng Hospital</wicri:noCountry></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="AF0005">Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Institute of Infectious Diseases and Epidemiology, Tan Tock Seng Hospital</nlm:aff><wicri:noCountry code="subfield">Tan Tock Seng Hospital</wicri:noCountry></affiliation>Le document en format XML
<record><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">Epidemiology and Relative Severity of Influenza Subtypes in Singapore in the Post-Pandemic Period from 2009 to 2010</title><author><name sortKey="Goh, Ee Hui" sort="Goh, Ee Hui" uniqKey="Goh E" first="Ee Hui" last="Goh">Ee Hui Goh</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="AF0001">Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University Health System, National University of Singapore,</nlm:aff><country>Singapour</country><orgName type="university">Université nationale de Singapour</orgName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Jiang, Lili" sort="Jiang, Lili" uniqKey="Jiang L" first="Lili" last="Jiang">Lili Jiang</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="AF0001">Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University Health System, National University of Singapore,</nlm:aff><country>Singapour</country><orgName type="university">Université nationale de Singapour</orgName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hsu, Jung Pu" sort="Hsu, Jung Pu" uniqKey="Hsu J" first="Jung Pu" last="Hsu">Jung Pu Hsu</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="AF0001">Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University Health System, National University of Singapore,</nlm:aff><country>Singapour</country><orgName type="university">Université nationale de Singapour</orgName></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="AF0002">Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute of Infectious Diseases and Epidemiology, Tan Tock Seng Hospital</nlm:aff><wicri:noCountry code="subfield">Tan Tock Seng Hospital</wicri:noCountry></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Tan, Linda Wei Lin" sort="Tan, Linda Wei Lin" uniqKey="Tan L" first="Linda Wei Lin" last="Tan">Linda Wei Lin Tan</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="AF0001">Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University Health System, National University of Singapore,</nlm:aff><country>Singapour</country><orgName type="university">Université nationale de Singapour</orgName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lim, Wei Yen" sort="Lim, Wei Yen" uniqKey="Lim W" first="Wei Yen" last="Lim">Wei Yen Lim</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="AF0001">Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University Health System, National University of Singapore,</nlm:aff><country>Singapour</country><orgName type="university">Université nationale de Singapour</orgName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Phoon, Meng Chee" sort="Phoon, Meng Chee" uniqKey="Phoon M" first="Meng Chee" last="Phoon">Meng Chee Phoon</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="AF0003">Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore</nlm:aff><country>Singapour</country><orgName type="university">Université nationale de Singapour</orgName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Leo, Yee Sin" sort="Leo, Yee Sin" uniqKey="Leo Y" first="Yee Sin" last="Leo">Yee Sin Leo</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="AF0002">Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute of Infectious Diseases and Epidemiology, Tan Tock Seng Hospital</nlm:aff><wicri:noCountry code="subfield">Tan Tock Seng Hospital</wicri:noCountry></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Barr, Ian G" sort="Barr, Ian G" uniqKey="Barr I" first="Ian G" last="Barr">Ian G. 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Lee</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="AF0001">Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University Health System, National University of Singapore,</nlm:aff><country>Singapour</country><orgName type="university">Université nationale de Singapour</orgName></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="AF0006">Biodefence Centre, Singapore Armed Forces</nlm:aff><wicri:noCountry code="subfield">Singapore Armed Forces</wicri:noCountry></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lin, Cui" sort="Lin, Cui" uniqKey="Lin C" first="Cui" last="Lin">Cui Lin</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="AF0007">National Public Health Laboratory, Ministry of Health, Singapore, Singapore</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Singapour</country><wicri:regionArea>National Public Health Laboratory, Ministry of Health, Singapore</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lin, Raymond" sort="Lin, Raymond" uniqKey="Lin R" first="Raymond" last="Lin">Raymond Lin</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="AF0003">Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore</nlm:aff><country>Singapour</country><orgName type="university">Université nationale de Singapour</orgName></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="AF0007">National Public Health Laboratory, Ministry of Health, Singapore, Singapore</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Singapour</country><wicri:regionArea>National Public Health Laboratory, Ministry of Health, Singapore</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sadarangani, Sapna P" sort="Sadarangani, Sapna P" uniqKey="Sadarangani S" first="Sapna P" last="Sadarangani">Sapna P. 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type="university">Université nationale de Singapour</orgName></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="AF0005">Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Institute of Infectious Diseases and Epidemiology, Tan Tock Seng Hospital</nlm:aff><wicri:noCountry code="subfield">Tan Tock Seng Hospital</wicri:noCountry></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PMC</idno><idno type="pmid">29028950</idno><idno type="pmc">5850443</idno><idno type="url">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5850443</idno><idno type="RBID">PMC:5850443</idno><idno type="doi">10.1093/cid/cix694</idno><date when="2017">2017</date><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Corpus">000941</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PMC">000941</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Curation">000941</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Curation">000941</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">Epidemiology and Relative Severity of Influenza Subtypes in Singapore in the Post-Pandemic Period from 2009 to 2010</title><author><name sortKey="Goh, Ee Hui" sort="Goh, Ee Hui" uniqKey="Goh E" first="Ee Hui" last="Goh">Ee Hui Goh</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="AF0001">Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University Health System, National University of Singapore,</nlm:aff><country>Singapour</country><orgName type="university">Université nationale de Singapour</orgName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Jiang, Lili" sort="Jiang, Lili" uniqKey="Jiang L" first="Lili" last="Jiang">Lili Jiang</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="AF0001">Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University Health System, National University of Singapore,</nlm:aff><country>Singapour</country><orgName type="university">Université nationale de Singapour</orgName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hsu, Jung Pu" sort="Hsu, Jung Pu" uniqKey="Hsu J" first="Jung Pu" last="Hsu">Jung Pu Hsu</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="AF0001">Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University Health System, National University of Singapore,</nlm:aff><country>Singapour</country><orgName type="university">Université nationale de Singapour</orgName></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="AF0002">Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute of Infectious Diseases and Epidemiology, Tan Tock Seng Hospital</nlm:aff><wicri:noCountry code="subfield">Tan Tock Seng Hospital</wicri:noCountry></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Tan, Linda Wei Lin" sort="Tan, Linda Wei Lin" uniqKey="Tan L" first="Linda Wei Lin" last="Tan">Linda Wei Lin Tan</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="AF0001">Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University Health System, National University of Singapore,</nlm:aff><country>Singapour</country><orgName type="university">Université nationale de Singapour</orgName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lim, Wei Yen" sort="Lim, Wei Yen" uniqKey="Lim W" first="Wei Yen" last="Lim">Wei Yen Lim</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="AF0001">Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University Health System, National University of Singapore,</nlm:aff><country>Singapour</country><orgName type="university">Université nationale de Singapour</orgName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Phoon, Meng Chee" sort="Phoon, Meng Chee" uniqKey="Phoon M" first="Meng Chee" last="Phoon">Meng Chee Phoon</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="AF0003">Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore</nlm:aff><country>Singapour</country><orgName type="university">Université nationale de Singapour</orgName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Leo, Yee Sin" sort="Leo, Yee Sin" uniqKey="Leo Y" first="Yee Sin" last="Leo">Yee Sin Leo</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="AF0002">Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute of Infectious Diseases and Epidemiology, Tan Tock Seng Hospital</nlm:aff><wicri:noCountry code="subfield">Tan Tock Seng Hospital</wicri:noCountry></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Barr, Ian G" sort="Barr, Ian G" uniqKey="Barr I" first="Ian G" last="Barr">Ian G. Barr</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="AF0004">World Health Organization (WHO) Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza, VIDRL, Doherty Institute, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country><wicri:regionArea>World Health Organization (WHO) Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza, VIDRL, Doherty Institute, University of Melbourne, Victoria</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Chow, Vincent Tak Kwong" sort="Chow, Vincent Tak Kwong" uniqKey="Chow V" first="Vincent Tak Kwong" last="Chow">Vincent Tak Kwong Chow</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="AF0003">Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore</nlm:aff><country>Singapour</country><orgName type="university">Université nationale de Singapour</orgName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lee, Vernon J" sort="Lee, Vernon J" uniqKey="Lee V" first="Vernon J" last="Lee">Vernon J. Lee</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="AF0001">Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University Health System, National University of Singapore,</nlm:aff><country>Singapour</country><orgName type="university">Université nationale de Singapour</orgName></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="AF0006">Biodefence Centre, Singapore Armed Forces</nlm:aff><wicri:noCountry code="subfield">Singapore Armed Forces</wicri:noCountry></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lin, Cui" sort="Lin, Cui" uniqKey="Lin C" first="Cui" last="Lin">Cui Lin</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="AF0007">National Public Health Laboratory, Ministry of Health, Singapore, Singapore</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Singapour</country><wicri:regionArea>National Public Health Laboratory, Ministry of Health, Singapore</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lin, Raymond" sort="Lin, Raymond" uniqKey="Lin R" first="Raymond" last="Lin">Raymond Lin</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="AF0003">Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore</nlm:aff><country>Singapour</country><orgName type="university">Université nationale de Singapour</orgName></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="AF0007">National Public Health Laboratory, Ministry of Health, Singapore, Singapore</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Singapour</country><wicri:regionArea>National Public Health Laboratory, Ministry of Health, Singapore</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sadarangani, Sapna P" sort="Sadarangani, Sapna P" uniqKey="Sadarangani S" first="Sapna P" last="Sadarangani">Sapna P. Sadarangani</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="AF0002">Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute of Infectious Diseases and Epidemiology, Tan Tock Seng Hospital</nlm:aff><wicri:noCountry code="subfield">Tan Tock Seng Hospital</wicri:noCountry></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Young, Barnaby" sort="Young, Barnaby" uniqKey="Young B" first="Barnaby" last="Young">Barnaby Young</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="AF0002">Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute of Infectious Diseases and Epidemiology, Tan Tock Seng Hospital</nlm:aff><wicri:noCountry code="subfield">Tan Tock Seng Hospital</wicri:noCountry></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Chen, Mark I Cheng" sort="Chen, Mark I Cheng" uniqKey="Chen M" first="Mark I-Cheng" last="Chen">Mark I-Cheng Chen</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="AF0001">Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University Health System, National University of Singapore,</nlm:aff><country>Singapour</country><orgName type="university">Université nationale de Singapour</orgName></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="AF0005">Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Institute of Infectious Diseases and Epidemiology, Tan Tock Seng Hospital</nlm:aff><wicri:noCountry code="subfield">Tan Tock Seng Hospital</wicri:noCountry></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">Clinical Infectious Diseases: An Official Publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America</title><idno type="ISSN">1058-4838</idno><idno type="eISSN">1537-6591</idno><imprint><date when="2017">2017</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p>We assessed and found cross-protection between the influenza pandemic and 2 seasonal viruses that circulated in Singapore. Age-related differences in disease severity between the subtypes were investigated, and we demonstrate birth cohort effects consistent with the theory of antigenic sin.</p></div></front><back><div1 type="bibliography"><listBibl><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Mukherjee, P" uniqKey="Mukherjee P">P Mukherjee</name></author><author><name sortKey="Lim, P" uniqKey="Lim P">P Lim</name></author><author><name sortKey="Chow, A" uniqKey="Chow A">A Chow</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Ong, Jbs" uniqKey="Ong J">JBS Ong</name></author><author><name sortKey="Chen, Mic" uniqKey="Chen M">MIC Chen</name></author><author><name sortKey="Cook, Ar" uniqKey="Cook A">AR Cook</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Tay, J" uniqKey="Tay J">J Tay</name></author><author><name sortKey="Ng, Yf" uniqKey="Ng Y">YF Ng</name></author><author><name sortKey="Cutter, J" uniqKey="Cutter J">J Cutter</name></author><author><name sortKey="James, L" uniqKey="James L">L James</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Win, Mk" uniqKey="Win M">MK Win</name></author><author><name sortKey="Chen, Mi" uniqKey="Chen M">MI Chen</name></author><author><name sortKey="Barkham, T" uniqKey="Barkham T">T Barkham</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Palese, P" uniqKey="Palese P">P Palese</name></author><author><name sortKey="Wang, Tt" uniqKey="Wang T">TT Wang</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Epstein, Sl" uniqKey="Epstein S">SL Epstein</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Slepushkin, A" uniqKey="Slepushkin A">A Slepushkin</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Simonsen, L" uniqKey="Simonsen L">L Simonsen</name></author><author><name sortKey="Clarke, Mj" uniqKey="Clarke M">MJ Clarke</name></author><author><name sortKey="Schonberger, Lb" uniqKey="Schonberger L">LB Schonberger</name></author><author><name sortKey="Arden, Nh" uniqKey="Arden N">NH Arden</name></author><author><name sortKey="Cox, Nj" uniqKey="Cox N">NJ Cox</name></author><author><name sortKey="Fukuda, K" uniqKey="Fukuda K">K Fukuda</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Saglanmak, N" uniqKey="Saglanmak N">N Saglanmak</name></author><author><name sortKey="Andreasen, V" uniqKey="Andreasen V">V Andreasen</name></author><author><name sortKey="Simonsen, L" uniqKey="Simonsen L">L Simonsen</name></author><author><name sortKey="M Lbak, K" uniqKey="M Lbak K">K Mølbak</name></author><author><name sortKey="Miller, Ma" uniqKey="Miller M">MA Miller</name></author><author><name sortKey="Viboud, C" uniqKey="Viboud C">C Viboud</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Hernandez, Je" uniqKey="Hernandez J">JE Hernandez</name></author><author><name sortKey="Grainger, J" uniqKey="Grainger J">J Grainger</name></author><author><name sortKey="Simonsen, L" uniqKey="Simonsen L">L Simonsen</name></author><author><name sortKey="Collis, P" uniqKey="Collis P">P Collis</name></author><author><name sortKey="Edelman, L" uniqKey="Edelman L">L Edelman</name></author><author><name sortKey="Sheridan, Wp" uniqKey="Sheridan W">WP Sheridan</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Shrestha, Ss" uniqKey="Shrestha S">SS Shrestha</name></author><author><name sortKey="Swerdlow, Dl" uniqKey="Swerdlow D">DL Swerdlow</name></author><author><name sortKey="Borse, Rh" uniqKey="Borse R">RH Borse</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Lim, W Y" uniqKey="Lim W">W-Y Lim</name></author><author><name sortKey="Chen, C" uniqKey="Chen C">C Chen</name></author><author><name sortKey="Ma, Y" uniqKey="Ma Y">Y Ma</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Chen, Mi" uniqKey="Chen M">MI Chen</name></author><author><name sortKey="Cook, Ar" uniqKey="Cook A">AR Cook</name></author><author><name sortKey="Lim, Wy" uniqKey="Lim W">WY Lim</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Chen, Mi" uniqKey="Chen M">MI Chen</name></author><author><name sortKey="Barr, Ig" uniqKey="Barr I">IG Barr</name></author><author><name sortKey="Koh, Gc" uniqKey="Koh G">GC Koh</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Kendal, A" uniqKey="Kendal A">A Kendal</name></author><author><name sortKey="Skehel, J" uniqKey="Skehel J">J Skehel</name></author><author><name sortKey="Pereira, M" uniqKey="Pereira M">M. 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<front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Clin Infect Dis</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="iso-abbrev">Clin. Infect. Dis</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">cid</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title>Clinical Infectious Diseases: An Official Publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America</journal-title></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1058-4838</issn><issn pub-type="epub">1537-6591</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Oxford University Press</publisher-name><publisher-loc>US</publisher-loc></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="pmid">29028950</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="pmc">5850443</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1093/cid/cix694</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">cix694</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Articles and Commentaries</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Epidemiology and Relative Severity of Influenza Subtypes in Singapore in the Post-Pandemic Period from 2009 to 2010</article-title></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Goh</surname><given-names>Ee Hui</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="AF0001">1</xref><xref ref-type="author-notes" rid="fn-100"><sup>a</sup></xref><xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c1"></xref><pmc-comment>eehui.goh@gmail.com </pmc-comment>
</contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Jiang</surname><given-names>Lili</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="AF0001">1</xref><xref ref-type="author-notes" rid="fn-100"><sup>a</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Hsu</surname><given-names>Jung Pu</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="AF0001">1</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="AF0002">2</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Tan</surname><given-names>Linda Wei Lin</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="AF0001">1</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Lim</surname><given-names>Wei Yen</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="AF0001">1</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Phoon</surname><given-names>Meng Chee</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="AF0003">3</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Leo</surname><given-names>Yee Sin</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="AF0002">2</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Barr</surname><given-names>Ian G</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="AF0004">4</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Chow</surname><given-names>Vincent Tak Kwong</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="AF0003">3</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Lee</surname><given-names>Vernon J</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="AF0001">1</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="AF0006">6</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Lin</surname><given-names>Cui</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="AF0007">7</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Lin</surname><given-names>Raymond</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="AF0003">3</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="AF0007">7</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Sadarangani</surname><given-names>Sapna P</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="AF0002">2</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Young</surname><given-names>Barnaby</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="AF0002">2</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Chen</surname><given-names>Mark I-Cheng</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="AF0001">1</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="AF0005">5</xref></contrib></contrib-group><aff id="AF0001"><label>1</label>Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University Health System, National University of Singapore,</aff><aff id="AF0002"><label>2</label>Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute of Infectious Diseases and Epidemiology, Tan Tock Seng Hospital</aff><aff id="AF0003"><label>3</label>Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore</aff><aff id="AF0004"><label>4</label>World Health Organization (WHO) Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza, VIDRL, Doherty Institute, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia</aff><aff id="AF0005"><label>5</label>Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Institute of Infectious Diseases and Epidemiology, Tan Tock Seng Hospital</aff><aff id="AF0006"><label>6</label>Biodefence Centre, Singapore Armed Forces</aff><aff id="AF0007"><label>7</label>National Public Health Laboratory, Ministry of Health, Singapore, Singapore</aff><author-notes><fn id="fn-100"><label>a</label><p>E. H. G. and L. J. contributed equally to this manuscript.</p></fn><corresp id="c1">Correspondence: E. H. Goh, National University of Singapore, 12 Science Drive 2, Singapore 117549, Singapore (<email>eehui.goh@gmail.com</email>).</corresp></author-notes><pub-date pub-type="ppub"><day>01</day><month>12</month><year>2017</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub" iso-8601-date="2017-09-23"><day>23</day><month>9</month><year>2017</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="pmc-release"><day>23</day><month>9</month><year>2017</year></pub-date><pmc-comment> PMC Release delay is 0 months and 0 days and was based on the
<volume>65</volume><issue>11</issue><fpage>1905</fpage><lpage>1913</lpage><history><date date-type="received"><day>14</day><month>2</month><year>2017</year></date><date date-type="accepted"><day>07</day><month>9</month><year>2017</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement>© The Author 2017. Published by Oxford University Press for the Infectious Diseases Society of America.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2017</copyright-year><license license-type="cc-by-nc-nd" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0"><license-p>This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs licence (<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/">http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/</ext-link>), which permits non-commercial reproduction and distribution of the work, in any medium, provided the original work is not altered or transformed in any way, and that the work is properly cited. For commercial re-use, please contact journals.permissions@oup.com</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="cix694.pdf"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="teaser"><p>We assessed and found cross-protection between the influenza pandemic and 2 seasonal viruses that circulated in Singapore. Age-related differences in disease severity between the subtypes were investigated, and we demonstrate birth cohort effects consistent with the theory of antigenic sin.</p></abstract><abstract><title>Abstract</title><sec id="s40"><title>Background</title><p>After 2009, pandemic influenza A(H1N1) [A(H1N1)pdm09] cocirculated with A(H3N2) and B in Singapore.</p></sec><sec id="s41"><title>Methods</title><p>A cohort of 760 participants contributed demographic data and up to 4 blood samples each from October 2009 to September 2010. We compared epidemiology of the 3 subtypes and investigated evidence for heterotypic immunity through multivariable logistic regression using a generalized estimating equation. To examine age-related differences in severity between subtypes, we used LOESS (locally weighted smoothing) plots of hospitalization to infection ratios and explored birth cohort effects referencing the pandemic years (1957; 1968).</p></sec><sec id="s42"><title>Results</title><p>Having more household members aged 5–19 years and frequent public transport use increased risk of infection, while preexisting antibodies against the same subtype (odds ratio [OR], 0.61; <italic>P</italic> = .002) and previous influenza infection against heterotypic infections (OR, 0.32; <italic>P</italic> = .045) were protective. A(H1N1)pdm09 severity peaked in those born around 1957, while A(H3N2) severity was least in the youngest individuals and increased until it surpassed A(H1N1)pdm09 in those born in 1952 or earlier. Further analysis showed that severity of A(H1N1)pdm09 was less than that for A(H3N2) in those born in 1956 or earlier (<italic>P</italic> = .021) and vice versa for those born in 1968 or later (<italic>P</italic> < .001), with no difference in those born between 1957 and 1967 (<italic>P</italic> = .632).</p></sec><sec id="s43"><title>Conclusions</title><p>Our findings suggest that childhood exposures had long-term impact on immune responses consistent with the theory of antigenic sin. This, plus observations on short-term cross-protection, have implications for vaccination and influenza epidemic and pandemic mitigation strategies.</p></sec></abstract><kwd-group><kwd>H1N1pdm09</kwd><kwd>seroepidemiology</kwd><kwd>cross-protection</kwd><kwd>severity</kwd><kwd>birth cohort effect</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><award-group award-type="grant"><funding-source><named-content content-type="funder-name">National Medical Research Council</named-content><named-content content-type="funder-identifier">10.13039/501100001349</named-content></funding-source><award-id>H1N1-005</award-id><award-id>PPG10-09</award-id></award-group></funding-group><counts><page-count count="9"></page-count></counts></article-meta></front></pmc></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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