Molecular characterization of H3N2 influenza A viruses isolated from Ontario swine in 2011 and 2012
Identifieur interne : 000209 ( Pmc/Curation ); précédent : 000208; suivant : 000210Molecular characterization of H3N2 influenza A viruses isolated from Ontario swine in 2011 and 2012
Auteurs : Helena Grgi [Canada] ; Marcio Costa [Canada] ; Robert M. Friendship [Canada] ; Susy Carman ; Éva Nagy [Canada] ; Greg Wideman ; Scott Weese [Canada] ; Zvonimir Poljak [Canada]Source :
- Virology Journal [ 1743-422X ] ; 2014.
Abstract
Data about molecular diversity of commonly circulating type A influenza viruses in Ontario swine are scarce. Yet, this information is essential for surveillance of animal and public health, vaccine updates, and for understanding virus evolution and its large-scale spread.
The study population consisted of 21 swine herds with clinical problems due to respiratory disease. Nasal swabs from individual pigs were collected and tested by virus isolation in MDCK cells and by rtRT-PCR. All eight segments of 10 H3N2 viruses were sequenced using high-throughput sequencing and molecularly characterized.
Within-herd prevalence ranged between 2 and 100%. Structurally, Ontario H3N2 viruses could be classified into three different groups. Group 1 was the most similar to the original trH3N2 virus from 2005. Group 2 was the most similar to the Ontario turkey H3N2 isolates with PB1 and NS genes originating from trH3N2 virus and M, PB2, PA and NP genes originating from the A(H1N1)pdm09 virus. All Group 3 internal genes were genetically related to A(H1N1)pdm09. Analysis of antigenic sites of HA1 showed that Group 1 had 8 aa changes within 4 antigenic sites, A(1), B(3), C(2) and E(2). The Group 2 viruses had 8 aa changes within 3 antigenic sites A(3), B(3) and C(2), while Group 3 viruses had 4 aa changes within 3 antigenic sites, B(1), D(1) and E(2), when compared to the cluster IV H3N2 virus [A/swine/Ontario/33853/2005/(H3N2)].
The characterization of the Ontario H3N2 viruses clearly indicates reassortment of gene segments between the North American swine trH3N2 from cluster IV and the A(H1N1)pdm09 virus.
The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12985-014-0194-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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DOI: 10.1186/s12985-014-0194-z
PubMed: 25416300
PubMed Central: 4245826
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Helena Grgi<affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff1">Department of Population Medicine, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2 W1 Canada</nlm:aff><wicri:noCountry code="subfield">Ontario N1G 2 W1 Canada</wicri:noCountry></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff5">Centre for Public Health and Zoonoses, University of Guelph, Guelph, Canada</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country><wicri:regionArea>Centre for Public Health and Zoonoses, University of Guelph, Guelph</wicri:regionArea></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff2">Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2 W1 Canada</nlm:aff><wicri:noCountry code="subfield">Ontario N1G 2 W1 Canada</wicri:noCountry></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff5">Centre for Public Health and Zoonoses, University of Guelph, Guelph, Canada</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country><wicri:regionArea>Centre for Public Health and Zoonoses, University of Guelph, Guelph</wicri:regionArea></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff1">Department of Population Medicine, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2 W1 Canada</nlm:aff><wicri:noCountry code="subfield">Ontario N1G 2 W1 Canada</wicri:noCountry></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff5">Centre for Public Health and Zoonoses, University of Guelph, Guelph, Canada</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country><wicri:regionArea>Centre for Public Health and Zoonoses, University of Guelph, Guelph</wicri:regionArea></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff3">Animal Health Laboratory, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1H 6R8 Canada</nlm:aff><wicri:noCountry code="subfield">Ontario N1H 6R8 Canada</wicri:noCountry></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff2">Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2 W1 Canada</nlm:aff><wicri:noCountry code="subfield">Ontario N1G 2 W1 Canada</wicri:noCountry></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff5">Centre for Public Health and Zoonoses, University of Guelph, Guelph, Canada</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country><wicri:regionArea>Centre for Public Health and Zoonoses, University of Guelph, Guelph</wicri:regionArea></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff4">South-West Ontario Veterinary Services, Stratford, Ontario Canada</nlm:aff><wicri:noCountry code="subfield">Ontario Canada</wicri:noCountry></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff2">Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2 W1 Canada</nlm:aff><wicri:noCountry code="subfield">Ontario N1G 2 W1 Canada</wicri:noCountry></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff5">Centre for Public Health and Zoonoses, University of Guelph, Guelph, Canada</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country><wicri:regionArea>Centre for Public Health and Zoonoses, University of Guelph, Guelph</wicri:regionArea></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff1">Department of Population Medicine, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2 W1 Canada</nlm:aff><wicri:noCountry code="subfield">Ontario N1G 2 W1 Canada</wicri:noCountry></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff5">Centre for Public Health and Zoonoses, University of Guelph, Guelph, Canada</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country><wicri:regionArea>Centre for Public Health and Zoonoses, University of Guelph, Guelph</wicri:regionArea></affiliation>Le document en format XML
<record><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">Molecular characterization of H3N2 influenza A viruses isolated from Ontario swine in 2011 and 2012</title><author><name sortKey="Grgi, Helena" sort="Grgi, Helena" uniqKey="Grgi H" first="Helena" last="Grgi">Helena Grgi</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff1">Department of Population Medicine, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2 W1 Canada</nlm:aff><wicri:noCountry code="subfield">Ontario N1G 2 W1 Canada</wicri:noCountry></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff5">Centre for Public Health and Zoonoses, University of Guelph, Guelph, Canada</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country><wicri:regionArea>Centre for Public Health and Zoonoses, University of Guelph, Guelph</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Costa, Marcio" sort="Costa, Marcio" uniqKey="Costa M" first="Marcio" last="Costa">Marcio Costa</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff2">Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2 W1 Canada</nlm:aff><wicri:noCountry code="subfield">Ontario N1G 2 W1 Canada</wicri:noCountry></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff5">Centre for Public Health and Zoonoses, University of Guelph, Guelph, Canada</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country><wicri:regionArea>Centre for Public Health and Zoonoses, University of Guelph, Guelph</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Friendship, Robert M" sort="Friendship, Robert M" uniqKey="Friendship R" first="Robert M" last="Friendship">Robert M. Friendship</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff1">Department of Population Medicine, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2 W1 Canada</nlm:aff><wicri:noCountry code="subfield">Ontario N1G 2 W1 Canada</wicri:noCountry></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff5">Centre for Public Health and Zoonoses, University of Guelph, Guelph, Canada</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country><wicri:regionArea>Centre for Public Health and Zoonoses, University of Guelph, Guelph</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Carman, Susy" sort="Carman, Susy" uniqKey="Carman S" first="Susy" last="Carman">Susy Carman</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff3">Animal Health Laboratory, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1H 6R8 Canada</nlm:aff><wicri:noCountry code="subfield">Ontario N1H 6R8 Canada</wicri:noCountry></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Nagy, Eva" sort="Nagy, Eva" uniqKey="Nagy E" first="Éva" last="Nagy">Éva Nagy</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff2">Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2 W1 Canada</nlm:aff><wicri:noCountry code="subfield">Ontario N1G 2 W1 Canada</wicri:noCountry></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff5">Centre for Public Health and Zoonoses, University of Guelph, Guelph, Canada</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country><wicri:regionArea>Centre for Public Health and Zoonoses, University of Guelph, Guelph</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wideman, Greg" sort="Wideman, Greg" uniqKey="Wideman G" first="Greg" last="Wideman">Greg Wideman</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff4">South-West Ontario Veterinary Services, Stratford, Ontario Canada</nlm:aff><wicri:noCountry code="subfield">Ontario Canada</wicri:noCountry></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Weese, Scott" sort="Weese, Scott" uniqKey="Weese S" first="Scott" last="Weese">Scott Weese</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff2">Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2 W1 Canada</nlm:aff><wicri:noCountry code="subfield">Ontario N1G 2 W1 Canada</wicri:noCountry></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff5">Centre for Public Health and Zoonoses, University of Guelph, Guelph, Canada</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country><wicri:regionArea>Centre for Public Health and Zoonoses, University of Guelph, Guelph</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Poljak, Zvonimir" sort="Poljak, Zvonimir" uniqKey="Poljak Z" first="Zvonimir" last="Poljak">Zvonimir Poljak</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff1">Department of Population Medicine, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2 W1 Canada</nlm:aff><wicri:noCountry code="subfield">Ontario N1G 2 W1 Canada</wicri:noCountry></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff5">Centre for Public Health and Zoonoses, University of Guelph, Guelph, Canada</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country><wicri:regionArea>Centre for Public Health and Zoonoses, University of Guelph, Guelph</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PMC</idno><idno type="pmid">25416300</idno><idno type="pmc">4245826</idno><idno type="url">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4245826</idno><idno type="RBID">PMC:4245826</idno><idno type="doi">10.1186/s12985-014-0194-z</idno><date when="2014">2014</date><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Corpus">000209</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PMC">000209</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Curation">000209</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Curation">000209</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">Molecular characterization of H3N2 influenza A viruses isolated from Ontario swine in 2011 and 2012</title><author><name sortKey="Grgi, Helena" sort="Grgi, Helena" uniqKey="Grgi H" first="Helena" last="Grgi">Helena Grgi</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff1">Department of Population Medicine, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2 W1 Canada</nlm:aff><wicri:noCountry code="subfield">Ontario N1G 2 W1 Canada</wicri:noCountry></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff5">Centre for Public Health and Zoonoses, University of Guelph, Guelph, Canada</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country><wicri:regionArea>Centre for Public Health and Zoonoses, University of Guelph, Guelph</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Costa, Marcio" sort="Costa, Marcio" uniqKey="Costa M" first="Marcio" last="Costa">Marcio Costa</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff2">Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2 W1 Canada</nlm:aff><wicri:noCountry code="subfield">Ontario N1G 2 W1 Canada</wicri:noCountry></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff5">Centre for Public Health and Zoonoses, University of Guelph, Guelph, Canada</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country><wicri:regionArea>Centre for Public Health and Zoonoses, University of Guelph, Guelph</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Friendship, Robert M" sort="Friendship, Robert M" uniqKey="Friendship R" first="Robert M" last="Friendship">Robert M. Friendship</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff1">Department of Population Medicine, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2 W1 Canada</nlm:aff><wicri:noCountry code="subfield">Ontario N1G 2 W1 Canada</wicri:noCountry></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff5">Centre for Public Health and Zoonoses, University of Guelph, Guelph, Canada</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country><wicri:regionArea>Centre for Public Health and Zoonoses, University of Guelph, Guelph</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Carman, Susy" sort="Carman, Susy" uniqKey="Carman S" first="Susy" last="Carman">Susy Carman</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff3">Animal Health Laboratory, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1H 6R8 Canada</nlm:aff><wicri:noCountry code="subfield">Ontario N1H 6R8 Canada</wicri:noCountry></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Nagy, Eva" sort="Nagy, Eva" uniqKey="Nagy E" first="Éva" last="Nagy">Éva Nagy</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff2">Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2 W1 Canada</nlm:aff><wicri:noCountry code="subfield">Ontario N1G 2 W1 Canada</wicri:noCountry></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff5">Centre for Public Health and Zoonoses, University of Guelph, Guelph, Canada</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country><wicri:regionArea>Centre for Public Health and Zoonoses, University of Guelph, Guelph</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wideman, Greg" sort="Wideman, Greg" uniqKey="Wideman G" first="Greg" last="Wideman">Greg Wideman</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff4">South-West Ontario Veterinary Services, Stratford, Ontario Canada</nlm:aff><wicri:noCountry code="subfield">Ontario Canada</wicri:noCountry></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Weese, Scott" sort="Weese, Scott" uniqKey="Weese S" first="Scott" last="Weese">Scott Weese</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff2">Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2 W1 Canada</nlm:aff><wicri:noCountry code="subfield">Ontario N1G 2 W1 Canada</wicri:noCountry></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff5">Centre for Public Health and Zoonoses, University of Guelph, Guelph, Canada</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country><wicri:regionArea>Centre for Public Health and Zoonoses, University of Guelph, Guelph</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Poljak, Zvonimir" sort="Poljak, Zvonimir" uniqKey="Poljak Z" first="Zvonimir" last="Poljak">Zvonimir Poljak</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff1">Department of Population Medicine, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2 W1 Canada</nlm:aff><wicri:noCountry code="subfield">Ontario N1G 2 W1 Canada</wicri:noCountry></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff5">Centre for Public Health and Zoonoses, University of Guelph, Guelph, Canada</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country><wicri:regionArea>Centre for Public Health and Zoonoses, University of Guelph, Guelph</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">Virology Journal</title><idno type="eISSN">1743-422X</idno><imprint><date when="2014">2014</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Background</title><p>Data about molecular diversity of commonly circulating type A influenza viruses in Ontario swine are scarce. Yet, this information is essential for surveillance of animal and public health, vaccine updates, and for understanding virus evolution and its large-scale spread.</p></sec><sec><title>Methods</title><p>The study population consisted of 21 swine herds with clinical problems due to respiratory disease. Nasal swabs from individual pigs were collected and tested by virus isolation in MDCK cells and by rtRT-PCR. All eight segments of 10 H3N2 viruses were sequenced using high-throughput sequencing and molecularly characterized.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Within-herd prevalence ranged between 2 and 100%. Structurally, Ontario H3N2 viruses could be classified into three different groups. Group 1 was the most similar to the original trH3N2 virus from 2005. Group 2 was the most similar to the Ontario turkey H3N2 isolates with PB1 and NS genes originating from trH3N2 virus and M, PB2, PA and NP genes originating from the A(H1N1)pdm09 virus. All Group 3 internal genes were genetically related to A(H1N1)pdm09. Analysis of antigenic sites of HA1 showed that Group 1 had 8 aa changes within 4 antigenic sites, A(1), B(3), C(2) and E(2). The Group 2 viruses had 8 aa changes within 3 antigenic sites A(3), B(3) and C(2), while Group 3 viruses had 4 aa changes within 3 antigenic sites, B(1), D(1) and E(2), when compared to the cluster IV H3N2 virus [A/swine/Ontario/33853/2005/(H3N2)].</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusions</title><p>The characterization of the Ontario H3N2 viruses clearly indicates reassortment of gene segments between the North American swine trH3N2 from cluster IV and the A(H1N1)pdm09 virus.</p></sec><sec><title>Electronic supplementary material</title><p>The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12985-014-0194-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.</p></sec></div></front><back><div1 type="bibliography"><listBibl><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Shaw, Ml" uniqKey="Shaw M">ML Shaw</name></author><author><name sortKey="Palese, P" uniqKey="Palese P">P Palese</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name 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<front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Virol J</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="iso-abbrev">Virol. J</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title>Virology Journal</journal-title></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="epub">1743-422X</issn><publisher><publisher-name>BioMed Central</publisher-name><publisher-loc>London</publisher-loc></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="pmid">25416300</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="pmc">4245826</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">194</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1186/s12985-014-0194-z</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Molecular characterization of H3N2 influenza A viruses isolated from Ontario swine in 2011 and 2012</article-title></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name><surname>Grgić</surname><given-names>Helena</given-names></name><address><email>hgrgic@uoguelph.ca</email></address><xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff1"></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff5"></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Costa</surname><given-names>Marcio</given-names></name><address><email>costam@uoguelph.ca</email></address><xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff2"></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff5"></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Friendship</surname><given-names>Robert M</given-names></name><address><email>rfriends@uoguelph.ca</email></address><xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff1"></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff5"></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Carman</surname><given-names>Susy</given-names></name><address><email>scarman@uoguelph.ca</email></address><xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff3"></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Nagy</surname><given-names>Éva</given-names></name><address><email>enagy@ovc.uoguelph.ca</email></address><xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff2"></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff5"></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Wideman</surname><given-names>Greg</given-names></name><address><email>gwideman@gmail.com</email></address><xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff4"></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Weese</surname><given-names>Scott</given-names></name><address><email>jsweese@uoguelph.ca</email></address><xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff2"></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff5"></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Poljak</surname><given-names>Zvonimir</given-names></name><address><email>zpoljak@uoguelph.ca</email></address><xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff1"></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff5"></xref></contrib><aff id="Aff1"><label></label>Department of Population Medicine, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2 W1 Canada</aff><aff id="Aff2"><label></label>Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2 W1 Canada</aff><aff id="Aff3"><label></label>Animal Health Laboratory, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1H 6R8 Canada</aff><aff id="Aff4"><label></label>South-West Ontario Veterinary Services, Stratford, Ontario Canada</aff><aff id="Aff5"><label></label>Centre for Public Health and Zoonoses, University of Guelph, Guelph, Canada</aff></contrib-group><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>22</day><month>11</month><year>2014</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="pmc-release"><day>22</day><month>11</month><year>2014</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2014</year></pub-date><volume>11</volume><elocation-id>194</elocation-id><history><date date-type="received"><day>14</day><month>5</month><year>2014</year></date><date date-type="accepted"><day>29</day><month>10</month><year>2014</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement>© Grgić et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. 2014</copyright-statement><license license-type="open-access"><license-p>This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0">http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ext-link>), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly credited. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/">http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/</ext-link>) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.</license-p></license></permissions><abstract id="Abs1"><sec><title>Background</title><p>Data about molecular diversity of commonly circulating type A influenza viruses in Ontario swine are scarce. Yet, this information is essential for surveillance of animal and public health, vaccine updates, and for understanding virus evolution and its large-scale spread.</p></sec><sec><title>Methods</title><p>The study population consisted of 21 swine herds with clinical problems due to respiratory disease. Nasal swabs from individual pigs were collected and tested by virus isolation in MDCK cells and by rtRT-PCR. All eight segments of 10 H3N2 viruses were sequenced using high-throughput sequencing and molecularly characterized.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Within-herd prevalence ranged between 2 and 100%. Structurally, Ontario H3N2 viruses could be classified into three different groups. Group 1 was the most similar to the original trH3N2 virus from 2005. Group 2 was the most similar to the Ontario turkey H3N2 isolates with PB1 and NS genes originating from trH3N2 virus and M, PB2, PA and NP genes originating from the A(H1N1)pdm09 virus. All Group 3 internal genes were genetically related to A(H1N1)pdm09. Analysis of antigenic sites of HA1 showed that Group 1 had 8 aa changes within 4 antigenic sites, A(1), B(3), C(2) and E(2). The Group 2 viruses had 8 aa changes within 3 antigenic sites A(3), B(3) and C(2), while Group 3 viruses had 4 aa changes within 3 antigenic sites, B(1), D(1) and E(2), when compared to the cluster IV H3N2 virus [A/swine/Ontario/33853/2005/(H3N2)].</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusions</title><p>The characterization of the Ontario H3N2 viruses clearly indicates reassortment of gene segments between the North American swine trH3N2 from cluster IV and the A(H1N1)pdm09 virus.</p></sec><sec><title>Electronic supplementary material</title><p>The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12985-014-0194-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.</p></sec></abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><title>Keywords</title><kwd>Influenza A virus</kwd><kwd>Triple-reassortant H3N2</kwd><kwd>Swine</kwd><kwd>454 sequencing</kwd><kwd>Phylogenetic analysis</kwd></kwd-group><custom-meta-group><custom-meta><meta-name>issue-copyright-statement</meta-name><meta-value>© The Author(s) 2014</meta-value></custom-meta></custom-meta-group></article-meta></front></pmc></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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