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<record><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">Ab and T cell epitopes of influenza A virus, knowledge and opportunities</title>
<author><name sortKey="Bui, Huynh Hoa" sort="Bui, Huynh Hoa" uniqKey="Bui H" first="Huynh-Hoa" last="Bui">Huynh-Hoa Bui</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1">*Division of Vaccine Discovery, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, 9420 Athena Circle, La Jolla, CA 92037; and</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Peters, Bjoern" sort="Peters, Bjoern" uniqKey="Peters B" first="Bjoern" last="Peters">Bjoern Peters</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1">*Division of Vaccine Discovery, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, 9420 Athena Circle, La Jolla, CA 92037; and</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Assarsson, Erika" sort="Assarsson, Erika" uniqKey="Assarsson E" first="Erika" last="Assarsson">Erika Assarsson</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1">*Division of Vaccine Discovery, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, 9420 Athena Circle, La Jolla, CA 92037; and</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Mbawuike, Innocent" sort="Mbawuike, Innocent" uniqKey="Mbawuike I" first="Innocent" last="Mbawuike">Innocent Mbawuike</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff2">Department of Molecular Virology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Sette, Alessandro" sort="Sette, Alessandro" uniqKey="Sette A" first="Alessandro" last="Sette">Alessandro Sette</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1">*Division of Vaccine Discovery, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, 9420 Athena Circle, La Jolla, CA 92037; and</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
</titleStmt>
<publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PMC</idno>
<idno type="pmid">17200302</idno>
<idno type="pmc">1765443</idno>
<idno type="url">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1765443</idno>
<idno type="RBID">PMC:1765443</idno>
<idno type="doi">10.1073/pnas.0609330104</idno>
<date when="2007">2007</date>
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<sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">Ab and T cell epitopes of influenza A virus, knowledge and opportunities</title>
<author><name sortKey="Bui, Huynh Hoa" sort="Bui, Huynh Hoa" uniqKey="Bui H" first="Huynh-Hoa" last="Bui">Huynh-Hoa Bui</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1">*Division of Vaccine Discovery, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, 9420 Athena Circle, La Jolla, CA 92037; and</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Peters, Bjoern" sort="Peters, Bjoern" uniqKey="Peters B" first="Bjoern" last="Peters">Bjoern Peters</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1">*Division of Vaccine Discovery, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, 9420 Athena Circle, La Jolla, CA 92037; and</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Assarsson, Erika" sort="Assarsson, Erika" uniqKey="Assarsson E" first="Erika" last="Assarsson">Erika Assarsson</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1">*Division of Vaccine Discovery, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, 9420 Athena Circle, La Jolla, CA 92037; and</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Mbawuike, Innocent" sort="Mbawuike, Innocent" uniqKey="Mbawuike I" first="Innocent" last="Mbawuike">Innocent Mbawuike</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff2">Department of Molecular Virology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Sette, Alessandro" sort="Sette, Alessandro" uniqKey="Sette A" first="Alessandro" last="Sette">Alessandro Sette</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1">*Division of Vaccine Discovery, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, 9420 Athena Circle, La Jolla, CA 92037; and</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
</analytic>
<series><title level="j">Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America</title>
<idno type="ISSN">0027-8424</idno>
<idno type="eISSN">1091-6490</idno>
<imprint><date when="2007">2007</date>
</imprint>
</series>
</biblStruct>
</sourceDesc>
</fileDesc>
<profileDesc><textClass></textClass>
</profileDesc>
</teiHeader>
<front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p>The Immune Epitope Database and Analysis Resources (IEDB) (<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.immuneepitope.org">www.immuneepitope.org</ext-link>
) was recently developed to capture epitope related data. IEDB also hosts various bioinformatics tools that can be used to identify novel epitopes as well as to analyze and visualize existing epitope data. Herein, a comprehensive analysis was undertaken (<italic>i</italic>
) to compile and inventory existing knowledge regarding influenza A epitopes and (<italic>ii</italic>
) to determine possible cross-reactivities of identified epitopes among avian H5N1 and human influenza strains. At present, IEDB contains >600 different epitopes derived from 58 different strains and 10 influenza A proteins. By using the IEDB analysis resources, conservancy analyses were performed, and several conserved and possibly cross-reactive epitopes were identified. Significant gaps in the current knowledge were also revealed, including paucity of Ab epitopes in comparison with T cell epitopes, limited number of epitopes reported for avian influenza strains/subtypes, and limited number of epitopes reported from proteins other than hemagglutinin and nucleoprotein. This analysis provides a resource for researchers to access existing influenza epitope data. At the same time, the analysis illustrates gaps in our collective knowledge that should inspire directions for further study of immunity against the influenza A virus.</p>
</div>
</front>
</TEI>
<pmc article-type="research-article"><pmc-comment>The publisher of this article does not allow downloading of the full text in XML form.</pmc-comment>
<front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A</journal-id>
<journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">PNAS</journal-id>
<journal-title>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America</journal-title>
<issn pub-type="ppub">0027-8424</issn>
<issn pub-type="epub">1091-6490</issn>
<publisher><publisher-name>National Academy of Sciences</publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="pmid">17200302</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="pmc">1765443</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">4546</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1073/pnas.0609330104</article-id>
<article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Biological Sciences</subject>
<subj-group><subject>Immunology</subject>
</subj-group>
</subj-group>
</article-categories>
<title-group><article-title>Ab and T cell epitopes of influenza A virus, knowledge and opportunities</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Bui</surname>
<given-names>Huynh-Hoa</given-names>
</name>
<xref rid="aff1" ref-type="aff">*</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Peters</surname>
<given-names>Bjoern</given-names>
</name>
<xref rid="aff1" ref-type="aff">*</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Assarsson</surname>
<given-names>Erika</given-names>
</name>
<xref rid="aff1" ref-type="aff">*</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Mbawuike</surname>
<given-names>Innocent</given-names>
</name>
<xref rid="aff2" ref-type="aff"><sup>†</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Sette</surname>
<given-names>Alessandro</given-names>
</name>
<xref rid="aff1" ref-type="aff">*</xref>
<xref ref-type="corresp" rid="cor1"><sup>‡</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<aff id="aff1">*Division of Vaccine Discovery, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, 9420 Athena Circle, La Jolla, CA 92037; and</aff>
<aff id="aff2"><sup>†</sup>
Department of Molecular Virology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030</aff>
</contrib-group>
<author-notes><corresp id="cor1"><sup>‡</sup>
To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail:
<email>alex@liai.org</email>
</corresp>
<fn fn-type="com"><p>Communicated by Howard M. Grey, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, San Diego, CA, November 1, 2006</p>
</fn>
<fn fn-type="con"><p>Author contributions: A.S. designed research; H.-H.B. and B.P. contributed new reagents/analytic tools; H.-H.B., B.P., E.A., and I.M. analyzed data; and H.-H.B. and E.A. wrote the paper.</p>
</fn>
<fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare no conflict of interest.</p>
</fn>
</author-notes>
<pub-date pub-type="ppub"><day>2</day>
<month>1</month>
<year>2007</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>104</volume>
<issue>1</issue>
<fpage>246</fpage>
<lpage>251</lpage>
<history><date date-type="received"><day>1</day>
<month>10</month>
<year>2006</year>
</date>
</history>
<copyright-statement>© 2007 by The National Academy of Sciences of the USA</copyright-statement>
<copyright-year>2007</copyright-year>
<self-uri xlink:title="pdf" xlink:href="zpq00107000246.pdf"></self-uri>
<abstract><p>The Immune Epitope Database and Analysis Resources (IEDB) (<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.immuneepitope.org">www.immuneepitope.org</ext-link>
) was recently developed to capture epitope related data. IEDB also hosts various bioinformatics tools that can be used to identify novel epitopes as well as to analyze and visualize existing epitope data. Herein, a comprehensive analysis was undertaken (<italic>i</italic>
) to compile and inventory existing knowledge regarding influenza A epitopes and (<italic>ii</italic>
) to determine possible cross-reactivities of identified epitopes among avian H5N1 and human influenza strains. At present, IEDB contains >600 different epitopes derived from 58 different strains and 10 influenza A proteins. By using the IEDB analysis resources, conservancy analyses were performed, and several conserved and possibly cross-reactive epitopes were identified. Significant gaps in the current knowledge were also revealed, including paucity of Ab epitopes in comparison with T cell epitopes, limited number of epitopes reported for avian influenza strains/subtypes, and limited number of epitopes reported from proteins other than hemagglutinin and nucleoprotein. This analysis provides a resource for researchers to access existing influenza epitope data. At the same time, the analysis illustrates gaps in our collective knowledge that should inspire directions for further study of immunity against the influenza A virus.</p>
</abstract>
<kwd-group><kwd>B lymphocytes</kwd>
<kwd>T lymphocytes</kwd>
<kwd>conservancy</kwd>
<kwd>pandemic cross-reactivity</kwd>
</kwd-group>
<custom-meta-wrap><custom-meta><meta-name>PDF</meta-name>
<meta-value><uri xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="zpq00107000246.pdf"></uri>
</meta-value>
</custom-meta>
</custom-meta-wrap>
</article-meta>
</front>
</pmc>
</record>
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