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<record><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">Introductions and Evolution of Human-Origin Seasonal Influenza A Viruses in Multinational Swine Populations</title><author><name sortKey="Nelson, Martha I" sort="Nelson, Martha I" uniqKey="Nelson M" first="Martha I." last="Nelson">Martha I. Nelson</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1">Fogarty International Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wentworth, David E" sort="Wentworth, David E" uniqKey="Wentworth D" first="David E." last="Wentworth">David E. Wentworth</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff2">J. Craig Venter Institute, Rockville, Maryland, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Culhane, Marie R" sort="Culhane, Marie R" uniqKey="Culhane M" first="Marie R." last="Culhane">Marie R. Culhane</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff3">University of Minnesota Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Vincent, Amy L" sort="Vincent, Amy L" uniqKey="Vincent A" first="Amy L." last="Vincent">Amy L. Vincent</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff4">Virus and Prion Research Unit, National Animal Disease Center, USDA-ARS, Ames, Iowa, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Viboud, Cecile" sort="Viboud, Cecile" uniqKey="Viboud C" first="Cecile" last="Viboud">Cecile Viboud</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1">Fogarty International Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lapointe, Matthew P" sort="Lapointe, Matthew P" uniqKey="Lapointe M" first="Matthew P." last="Lapointe">Matthew P. Lapointe</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff2">J. Craig Venter Institute, Rockville, Maryland, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lin, Xudong" sort="Lin, Xudong" uniqKey="Lin X" first="Xudong" last="Lin">Xudong Lin</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff2">J. Craig Venter Institute, Rockville, Maryland, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Holmes, Edward C" sort="Holmes, Edward C" uniqKey="Holmes E" first="Edward C." last="Holmes">Edward C. Holmes</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff5">Marie Bashir Institute for Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, Charles Perkins Centre, School of Biological Sciences and Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Detmer, Susan E" sort="Detmer, Susan E" uniqKey="Detmer S" first="Susan E." last="Detmer">Susan E. Detmer</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff6">Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatchewan, Canada</nlm:aff></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PMC</idno><idno type="pmid">24965467</idno><idno type="pmc">4136342</idno><idno type="url">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4136342</idno><idno type="RBID">PMC:4136342</idno><idno type="doi">10.1128/JVI.01080-14</idno><date when="2014">2014</date><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Corpus">000686</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PMC">000686</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">Introductions and Evolution of Human-Origin Seasonal Influenza A Viruses in Multinational Swine Populations</title><author><name sortKey="Nelson, Martha I" sort="Nelson, Martha I" uniqKey="Nelson M" first="Martha I." last="Nelson">Martha I. Nelson</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1">Fogarty International Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wentworth, David E" sort="Wentworth, David E" uniqKey="Wentworth D" first="David E." last="Wentworth">David E. Wentworth</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff2">J. Craig Venter Institute, Rockville, Maryland, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Culhane, Marie R" sort="Culhane, Marie R" uniqKey="Culhane M" first="Marie R." last="Culhane">Marie R. Culhane</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff3">University of Minnesota Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Vincent, Amy L" sort="Vincent, Amy L" uniqKey="Vincent A" first="Amy L." last="Vincent">Amy L. Vincent</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff4">Virus and Prion Research Unit, National Animal Disease Center, USDA-ARS, Ames, Iowa, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Viboud, Cecile" sort="Viboud, Cecile" uniqKey="Viboud C" first="Cecile" last="Viboud">Cecile Viboud</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1">Fogarty International Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lapointe, Matthew P" sort="Lapointe, Matthew P" uniqKey="Lapointe M" first="Matthew P." last="Lapointe">Matthew P. Lapointe</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff2">J. Craig Venter Institute, Rockville, Maryland, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lin, Xudong" sort="Lin, Xudong" uniqKey="Lin X" first="Xudong" last="Lin">Xudong Lin</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff2">J. Craig Venter Institute, Rockville, Maryland, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Holmes, Edward C" sort="Holmes, Edward C" uniqKey="Holmes E" first="Edward C." last="Holmes">Edward C. Holmes</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff5">Marie Bashir Institute for Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, Charles Perkins Centre, School of Biological Sciences and Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Detmer, Susan E" sort="Detmer, Susan E" uniqKey="Detmer S" first="Susan E." last="Detmer">Susan E. Detmer</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff6">Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatchewan, Canada</nlm:aff></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">Journal of Virology</title><idno type="ISSN">0022-538X</idno><idno type="eISSN">1098-5514</idno><imprint><date when="2014">2014</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><title>ABSTRACT</title><p>The capacity of influenza A viruses to cross species barriers presents a continual threat to human and animal health. Knowledge of the human-swine interface is particularly important for understanding how viruses with pandemic potential evolve in swine hosts. We sequenced the genomes of 141 influenza viruses collected from North American swine during 2002 to 2011 and identified a swine virus that possessed all eight genome segments of human seasonal A/H3N2 virus origin. A molecular clock analysis indicates that this virus—A/sw/Saskatchewan/02903/2009(H3N2)—has likely circulated undetected in swine for at least 7 years. For historical context, we performed a comprehensive phylogenetic analysis of an additional 1,404 whole-genome sequences from swine influenza A viruses collected globally during 1931 to 2013. Human-to-swine transmission occurred frequently over this time period, with 20 discrete introductions of human seasonal influenza A viruses showing sustained onward transmission in swine for at least 1 year since 1965. Notably, human-origin hemagglutinin (H1 and H3) and neuraminidase (particularly N2) segments were detected in swine at a much higher rate than the six internal gene segments, suggesting an association between the acquisition of swine-origin internal genes via reassortment and the adaptation of human influenza viruses to new swine hosts. Further understanding of the fitness constraints on the adaptation of human viruses to swine, and vice versa, at a genomic level is central to understanding the complex multihost ecology of influenza and the disease threats that swine and humans pose to each other.</p><p><bold>IMPORTANCE</bold> The swine origin of the 2009 A/H1N1 pandemic virus underscored the importance of understanding how influenza A virus evolves in these animals hosts. While the importance of reassortment in generating genetically diverse influenza viruses in swine is well documented, the role of human-to-swine transmission has not been as intensively studied. Through a large-scale sequencing effort, we identified a novel influenza virus of wholly human origin that has been circulating undetected in swine for at least 7 years. In addition, we demonstrate that human-to-swine transmission has occurred frequently on a global scale over the past decades but that there is little persistence of human virus internal gene segments in swine.</p></div></front></TEI><pmc article-type="research-article"><pmc-comment>The publisher of this article does not allow downloading of the full text in XML form.</pmc-comment>
<front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">J Virol</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="iso-abbrev">J. Virol</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="hwp">jvi</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="pmc">jvi</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">JVI</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title>Journal of Virology</journal-title></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0022-538X</issn><issn pub-type="epub">1098-5514</issn><publisher><publisher-name>American Society for Microbiology</publisher-name><publisher-loc>1752 N St., N.W., Washington, DC</publisher-loc></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="pmid">24965467</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="pmc">4136342</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">01080-14</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1128/JVI.01080-14</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Genetic Diversity and Evolution</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Introductions and Evolution of Human-Origin Seasonal Influenza A Viruses in Multinational Swine Populations</article-title></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name><surname>Nelson</surname><given-names>Martha I.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>a</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Wentworth</surname><given-names>David E.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"><sup>b</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Culhane</surname><given-names>Marie R.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"><sup>c</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Vincent</surname><given-names>Amy L.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"><sup>d</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Viboud</surname><given-names>Cecile</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>a</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>LaPointe</surname><given-names>Matthew P.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"><sup>b</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Lin</surname><given-names>Xudong</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"><sup>b</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Holmes</surname><given-names>Edward C.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5"><sup>e</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Detmer</surname><given-names>Susan E.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff6"><sup>f</sup></xref></contrib><aff id="aff1"><label>a</label>Fogarty International Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA</aff><aff id="aff2"><label>b</label>J. Craig Venter Institute, Rockville, Maryland, USA</aff><aff id="aff3"><label>c</label>University of Minnesota Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA</aff><aff id="aff4"><label>d</label>Virus and Prion Research Unit, National Animal Disease Center, USDA-ARS, Ames, Iowa, USA</aff><aff id="aff5"><label>e</label>Marie Bashir Institute for Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, Charles Perkins Centre, School of Biological Sciences and Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia</aff><aff id="aff6"><label>f</label>Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatchewan, Canada</aff></contrib-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="editor"><name><surname>García-Sastre</surname><given-names>A.</given-names></name><role>Editor</role></contrib></contrib-group><author-notes><corresp id="cor1">Address correspondence to Martha I. Nelson, <email>nelsonma@mail.nih.gov</email>.</corresp></author-notes><pub-date pub-type="ppub"><month>9</month><year>2014</year></pub-date><volume>88</volume><issue>17</issue><fpage>10110</fpage><lpage>10119</lpage><history><date date-type="received"><day>16</day><month>4</month><year>2014</year></date><date date-type="accepted"><day>16</day><month>6</month><year>2014</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright © 2014, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2014</copyright-year><copyright-holder>American Society for Microbiology</copyright-holder></permissions><self-uri xlink:title="pdf" xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="zjv01714010110.pdf"></self-uri><abstract><title>ABSTRACT</title><p>The capacity of influenza A viruses to cross species barriers presents a continual threat to human and animal health. Knowledge of the human-swine interface is particularly important for understanding how viruses with pandemic potential evolve in swine hosts. We sequenced the genomes of 141 influenza viruses collected from North American swine during 2002 to 2011 and identified a swine virus that possessed all eight genome segments of human seasonal A/H3N2 virus origin. A molecular clock analysis indicates that this virus—A/sw/Saskatchewan/02903/2009(H3N2)—has likely circulated undetected in swine for at least 7 years. For historical context, we performed a comprehensive phylogenetic analysis of an additional 1,404 whole-genome sequences from swine influenza A viruses collected globally during 1931 to 2013. Human-to-swine transmission occurred frequently over this time period, with 20 discrete introductions of human seasonal influenza A viruses showing sustained onward transmission in swine for at least 1 year since 1965. Notably, human-origin hemagglutinin (H1 and H3) and neuraminidase (particularly N2) segments were detected in swine at a much higher rate than the six internal gene segments, suggesting an association between the acquisition of swine-origin internal genes via reassortment and the adaptation of human influenza viruses to new swine hosts. Further understanding of the fitness constraints on the adaptation of human viruses to swine, and vice versa, at a genomic level is central to understanding the complex multihost ecology of influenza and the disease threats that swine and humans pose to each other.</p><p><bold>IMPORTANCE</bold> The swine origin of the 2009 A/H1N1 pandemic virus underscored the importance of understanding how influenza A virus evolves in these animals hosts. While the importance of reassortment in generating genetically diverse influenza viruses in swine is well documented, the role of human-to-swine transmission has not been as intensively studied. Through a large-scale sequencing effort, we identified a novel influenza virus of wholly human origin that has been circulating undetected in swine for at least 7 years. In addition, we demonstrate that human-to-swine transmission has occurred frequently on a global scale over the past decades but that there is little persistence of human virus internal gene segments in swine.</p></abstract></article-meta></front></pmc></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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