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<record><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">Identification of H2N3 influenza A viruses from swine in the United States</title><author><name sortKey="Ma, Wenjun" sort="Ma, Wenjun" uniqKey="Ma W" first="Wenjun" last="Ma">Wenjun Ma</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1">*Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011;</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff2">Virus and Prion Diseases of Livestock Research Unit, National Animal Disease Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Ames, IA 50010;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Vincent, Amy L" sort="Vincent, Amy L" uniqKey="Vincent A" first="Amy L." last="Vincent">Amy L. Vincent</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff2">Virus and Prion Diseases of Livestock Research Unit, National Animal Disease Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Ames, IA 50010;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gramer, Marie R" sort="Gramer, Marie R" uniqKey="Gramer M" first="Marie R." last="Gramer">Marie R. Gramer</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff3">Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Brockwell, Christy B" sort="Brockwell, Christy B" uniqKey="Brockwell C" first="Christy B." last="Brockwell">Christy B. Brockwell</name><affiliation><nlm:aff wicri:cut="; and" id="aff4">St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38018</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff5">Interdisciplinary Program, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lager, Kelly M" sort="Lager, Kelly M" uniqKey="Lager K" first="Kelly M." last="Lager">Kelly M. Lager</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff2">Virus and Prion Diseases of Livestock Research Unit, National Animal Disease Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Ames, IA 50010;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Janke, Bruce H" sort="Janke, Bruce H" uniqKey="Janke B" first="Bruce H." last="Janke">Bruce H. Janke</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1">*Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gauger, Phillip C" sort="Gauger, Phillip C" uniqKey="Gauger P" first="Phillip C." last="Gauger">Phillip C. Gauger</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff2">Virus and Prion Diseases of Livestock Research Unit, National Animal Disease Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Ames, IA 50010;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Patnayak, Devi P" sort="Patnayak, Devi P" uniqKey="Patnayak D" first="Devi P." last="Patnayak">Devi P. Patnayak</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff3">Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Webby, Richard J" sort="Webby, Richard J" uniqKey="Webby R" first="Richard J." last="Webby">Richard J. Webby</name><affiliation><nlm:aff wicri:cut="; and" id="aff4">St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38018</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Richt, Jurgen A" sort="Richt, Jurgen A" uniqKey="Richt J" first="Jürgen A." last="Richt">Jürgen A. Richt</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff2">Virus and Prion Diseases of Livestock Research Unit, National Animal Disease Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Ames, IA 50010;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PMC</idno><idno type="pmid">18093945</idno><idno type="pmc">2409247</idno><idno type="url">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2409247</idno><idno type="RBID">PMC:2409247</idno><idno type="doi">10.1073/pnas.0710286104</idno><date when="2007">2007</date><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Corpus">000521</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PMC">000521</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">Identification of H2N3 influenza A viruses from swine in the United States</title><author><name sortKey="Ma, Wenjun" sort="Ma, Wenjun" uniqKey="Ma W" first="Wenjun" last="Ma">Wenjun Ma</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1">*Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011;</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff2">Virus and Prion Diseases of Livestock Research Unit, National Animal Disease Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Ames, IA 50010;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Vincent, Amy L" sort="Vincent, Amy L" uniqKey="Vincent A" first="Amy L." last="Vincent">Amy L. Vincent</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff2">Virus and Prion Diseases of Livestock Research Unit, National Animal Disease Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Ames, IA 50010;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gramer, Marie R" sort="Gramer, Marie R" uniqKey="Gramer M" first="Marie R." last="Gramer">Marie R. Gramer</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff3">Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Brockwell, Christy B" sort="Brockwell, Christy B" uniqKey="Brockwell C" first="Christy B." last="Brockwell">Christy B. Brockwell</name><affiliation><nlm:aff wicri:cut="; and" id="aff4">St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38018</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff5">Interdisciplinary Program, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lager, Kelly M" sort="Lager, Kelly M" uniqKey="Lager K" first="Kelly M." last="Lager">Kelly M. Lager</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff2">Virus and Prion Diseases of Livestock Research Unit, National Animal Disease Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Ames, IA 50010;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Janke, Bruce H" sort="Janke, Bruce H" uniqKey="Janke B" first="Bruce H." last="Janke">Bruce H. Janke</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1">*Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gauger, Phillip C" sort="Gauger, Phillip C" uniqKey="Gauger P" first="Phillip C." last="Gauger">Phillip C. Gauger</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff2">Virus and Prion Diseases of Livestock Research Unit, National Animal Disease Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Ames, IA 50010;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Patnayak, Devi P" sort="Patnayak, Devi P" uniqKey="Patnayak D" first="Devi P." last="Patnayak">Devi P. Patnayak</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff3">Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Webby, Richard J" sort="Webby, Richard J" uniqKey="Webby R" first="Richard J." last="Webby">Richard J. Webby</name><affiliation><nlm:aff wicri:cut="; and" id="aff4">St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38018</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Richt, Jurgen A" sort="Richt, Jurgen A" uniqKey="Richt J" first="Jürgen A." last="Richt">Jürgen A. Richt</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff2">Virus and Prion Diseases of Livestock Research Unit, National Animal Disease Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Ames, IA 50010;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America</title><idno type="ISSN">0027-8424</idno><idno type="eISSN">1091-6490</idno><imprint><date when="2007">2007</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p>Although viruses of each of the 16 influenza A HA subtypes are potential human pathogens, only viruses of the H1, H2, and H3 subtype are known to have been successfully established in humans. H2 influenza viruses have been absent from human circulation since 1968, and as such they pose a substantial human pandemic risk. In this report, we isolate and characterize genetically similar avian/swine virus reassortant H2N3 influenza A viruses isolated from diseased swine from two farms in the United States. These viruses contained leucine at position 226 of the H2 protein, which has been associated with increased binding affinity to the mammalian α2,6Gal-linked sialic acid virus receptor. Correspondingly, the H2N3 viruses were able to cause disease in experimentally infected swine and mice without prior adaptation. In addition, the swine H2N3 virus was infectious and highly transmissible in swine and ferrets. Taken together, these findings suggest that the H2N3 virus has undergone some adaptation to the mammalian host and that their spread should be very closely monitored.</p></div></front></TEI><pmc article-type="research-article" xml:lang="EN"><pmc-comment>The publisher of this article does not allow downloading of the full text in XML form.</pmc-comment>
<front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="hwp">pnas</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="pmc">pnas</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">PNAS</journal-id><journal-title>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America</journal-title><issn pub-type="ppub">0027-8424</issn><issn pub-type="epub">1091-6490</issn><publisher><publisher-name>National Academy of Sciences</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="pmid">18093945</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="pmc">2409247</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">8664</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1073/pnas.0710286104</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Biological Sciences</subject><subj-group><subject>Microbiology</subject></subj-group></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Identification of H2N3 influenza A viruses from swine in the United States</article-title></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Ma</surname><given-names>Wenjun</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">*</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"><sup>†</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Vincent</surname><given-names>Amy L.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"><sup>†</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Gramer</surname><given-names>Marie R.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"><sup>‡</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Brockwell</surname><given-names>Christy B.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"><sup>§</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5"><sup>¶</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Lager</surname><given-names>Kelly M.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"><sup>†</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Janke</surname><given-names>Bruce H.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">*</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Gauger</surname><given-names>Phillip C.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"><sup>†</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Patnayak</surname><given-names>Devi P.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"><sup>‡</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Webby</surname><given-names>Richard J.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"><sup>§</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Richt</surname><given-names>Jürgen A.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"><sup>†</sup></xref><xref ref-type="corresp" rid="cor1"><sup>‖</sup></xref></contrib><aff id="aff1">*Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011;</aff><aff id="aff2"><sup>†</sup>Virus and Prion Diseases of Livestock Research Unit, National Animal Disease Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Ames, IA 50010;</aff><aff id="aff3"><sup>‡</sup>Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108;</aff><aff id="aff4"><sup>§</sup>St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38018; and</aff><aff id="aff5"><sup>¶</sup>Interdisciplinary Program, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163</aff></contrib-group><author-notes><corresp id="cor1"><sup>‖</sup>To whom correspondence should be addressed at:
<addr-line>National Animal Disease Center, 2300 Dayton Avenue, Ames, IA 50010.</addr-line> E-mail: <email>juergen.richt@ars.usda.gov</email></corresp><fn fn-type="com"><p>Communicated by Robert G. Webster, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, October 31, 2007</p></fn><fn fn-type="con"><p>Author contributions: W.M., A.L.V., K.M.L. and J.A.R. designed research; W.M., A.L.V., M.R.G., C.B.B., K.M.L., B.H.J., P.C.G., D.P.P., R.J.W. and J.A.R. performed research; W.M., A.L.V., M.R.G., K.M.L., B.H.J., R.J.W. and J.A.R. analyzed data; and W.M., A.L.V., M.R.G., K.M.L., R.J.W. and J.A.R. wrote the paper.</p></fn><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare no conflict of interest.</p></fn></author-notes><pub-date pub-type="ppub"><day>26</day><month>12</month><year>2007</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>18</day><month>12</month><year>2007</year></pub-date><volume>104</volume><issue>52</issue><fpage>20949</fpage><lpage>20954</lpage><history><date date-type="received"><day>30</day><month>8</month><year>2007</year></date></history><copyright-statement>© 2007 by The National Academy of Sciences of the USA</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2007</copyright-year><self-uri xlink:title="pdf" xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="zpq05207020949.pdf"></self-uri><abstract><p>Although viruses of each of the 16 influenza A HA subtypes are potential human pathogens, only viruses of the H1, H2, and H3 subtype are known to have been successfully established in humans. H2 influenza viruses have been absent from human circulation since 1968, and as such they pose a substantial human pandemic risk. In this report, we isolate and characterize genetically similar avian/swine virus reassortant H2N3 influenza A viruses isolated from diseased swine from two farms in the United States. These viruses contained leucine at position 226 of the H2 protein, which has been associated with increased binding affinity to the mammalian α2,6Gal-linked sialic acid virus receptor. Correspondingly, the H2N3 viruses were able to cause disease in experimentally infected swine and mice without prior adaptation. In addition, the swine H2N3 virus was infectious and highly transmissible in swine and ferrets. Taken together, these findings suggest that the H2N3 virus has undergone some adaptation to the mammalian host and that their spread should be very closely monitored.</p></abstract><kwd-group><kwd>avian</kwd><kwd>reassortant</kwd><kwd>interspecies transmission</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front></pmc></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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