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<record><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">Wild ducks are the reservoir for only a limited number of influenza A subtypes.</title>
<author><name sortKey="Sharp, G B" sort="Sharp, G B" uniqKey="Sharp G" first="G. B." last="Sharp">G. B. Sharp</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Kawaoka, Y" sort="Kawaoka, Y" uniqKey="Kawaoka Y" first="Y." last="Kawaoka">Y. Kawaoka</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Wright, S M" sort="Wright, S M" uniqKey="Wright S" first="S. M." last="Wright">S. M. Wright</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Turner, B" sort="Turner, B" uniqKey="Turner B" first="B." last="Turner">B. Turner</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Hinshaw, V" sort="Hinshaw, V" uniqKey="Hinshaw V" first="V." last="Hinshaw">V. Hinshaw</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Webster, R G" sort="Webster, R G" uniqKey="Webster R" first="R. G." last="Webster">R. G. Webster</name>
</author>
</titleStmt>
<publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PMC</idno>
<idno type="pmid">8381747</idno>
<idno type="pmc">2271956</idno>
<idno type="url">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2271956</idno>
<idno type="RBID">PMC:2271956</idno>
<date when="1993">1993</date>
<idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Corpus">000306</idno>
<idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PMC">000306</idno>
</publicationStmt>
<sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">Wild ducks are the reservoir for only a limited number of influenza A subtypes.</title>
<author><name sortKey="Sharp, G B" sort="Sharp, G B" uniqKey="Sharp G" first="G. B." last="Sharp">G. B. Sharp</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Kawaoka, Y" sort="Kawaoka, Y" uniqKey="Kawaoka Y" first="Y." last="Kawaoka">Y. Kawaoka</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Wright, S M" sort="Wright, S M" uniqKey="Wright S" first="S. M." last="Wright">S. M. Wright</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Turner, B" sort="Turner, B" uniqKey="Turner B" first="B." last="Turner">B. Turner</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Hinshaw, V" sort="Hinshaw, V" uniqKey="Hinshaw V" first="V." last="Hinshaw">V. Hinshaw</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Webster, R G" sort="Webster, R G" uniqKey="Webster R" first="R. G." last="Webster">R. G. Webster</name>
</author>
</analytic>
<series><title level="j">Epidemiology and Infection</title>
<idno type="ISSN">0950-2688</idno>
<imprint><date when="1993">1993</date>
</imprint>
</series>
</biblStruct>
</sourceDesc>
</fileDesc>
<profileDesc><textClass></textClass>
</profileDesc>
</teiHeader>
<front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p>Analysis of cloacal samples collected from 12,321 wild ducks in Alberta, Canada, from 1976 to 1990 showed influenza A infections to be seasonal, with prevalences increasing as the population became increasingly more dense. Viruses with 3 haemagglutinin (H3, H4, and H6) and 3 neuraminidase subtypes (N2, N6, and N8) were found consistently to infect both adult and juvenile ducks each year, indicating that wild ducks may be a reservoir for these viruses. In contrast, viruses with 7 haemagglutinin (H2, H5, H7, H8, H9, H11, and H12) and 3 neuraminidase subtypes (N1, N3, and N4) were not found for prolonged periods during the study; when they were found, they primarily infected juveniles at moderate levels. Whilst wild ducks appear to perpetuate some influenza A viruses, they apparently do not act as a reservoir for all such viruses.</p>
</div>
</front>
</TEI>
<pmc article-type="research-article"><pmc-comment>The publisher of this article does not allow downloading of the full text in XML form.</pmc-comment>
<front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Epidemiol Infect</journal-id>
<journal-id journal-id-type="pmc">epidinfect</journal-id>
<journal-title>Epidemiology and Infection</journal-title>
<issn pub-type="ppub">0950-2688</issn>
<publisher><publisher-name>Cambridge University Press</publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="pmid">8381747</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="pmc">2271956</article-id>
<article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject>
</subj-group>
</article-categories>
<title-group><article-title>Wild ducks are the reservoir for only a limited number of influenza A subtypes.</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Sharp</surname>
<given-names>G. B.</given-names>
</name>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Kawaoka</surname>
<given-names>Y.</given-names>
</name>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Wright</surname>
<given-names>S. M.</given-names>
</name>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Turner</surname>
<given-names>B.</given-names>
</name>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Hinshaw</surname>
<given-names>V.</given-names>
</name>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Webster</surname>
<given-names>R. G.</given-names>
</name>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff>Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Tennessee, Memphis 38163.</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="ppub"><month>2</month>
<year>1993</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>110</volume>
<issue>1</issue>
<fpage>161</fpage>
<lpage>176</lpage>
<abstract><p>Analysis of cloacal samples collected from 12,321 wild ducks in Alberta, Canada, from 1976 to 1990 showed influenza A infections to be seasonal, with prevalences increasing as the population became increasingly more dense. Viruses with 3 haemagglutinin (H3, H4, and H6) and 3 neuraminidase subtypes (N2, N6, and N8) were found consistently to infect both adult and juvenile ducks each year, indicating that wild ducks may be a reservoir for these viruses. In contrast, viruses with 7 haemagglutinin (H2, H5, H7, H8, H9, H11, and H12) and 3 neuraminidase subtypes (N1, N3, and N4) were not found for prolonged periods during the study; when they were found, they primarily infected juveniles at moderate levels. Whilst wild ducks appear to perpetuate some influenza A viruses, they apparently do not act as a reservoir for all such viruses.</p>
</abstract>
</article-meta>
</front>
</pmc>
</record>
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