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<record><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">CS-8958, a Prodrug of the New Neuraminidase Inhibitor R-125489, Shows Long-Acting Anti-Influenza Virus Activity<xref ref-type="fn" rid="fn2">▿</xref>
</title>
<author><name sortKey="Yamashita, Makoto" sort="Yamashita, Makoto" uniqKey="Yamashita M" first="Makoto" last="Yamashita">Makoto Yamashita</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff0">Biological Research Laboratories IV, Daiichi Sankyo Co. Ltd., 1-2-58, Hiromachi, Shinagawa, Tokyo 140-8710, Japan</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Tomozawa, Takanori" sort="Tomozawa, Takanori" uniqKey="Tomozawa T" first="Takanori" last="Tomozawa">Takanori Tomozawa</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff0">Biological Research Laboratories IV, Daiichi Sankyo Co. Ltd., 1-2-58, Hiromachi, Shinagawa, Tokyo 140-8710, Japan</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Kakuta, Masayo" sort="Kakuta, Masayo" uniqKey="Kakuta M" first="Masayo" last="Kakuta">Masayo Kakuta</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff0">Biological Research Laboratories IV, Daiichi Sankyo Co. Ltd., 1-2-58, Hiromachi, Shinagawa, Tokyo 140-8710, Japan</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Tokumitsu, Akane" sort="Tokumitsu, Akane" uniqKey="Tokumitsu A" first="Akane" last="Tokumitsu">Akane Tokumitsu</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff0">Biological Research Laboratories IV, Daiichi Sankyo Co. Ltd., 1-2-58, Hiromachi, Shinagawa, Tokyo 140-8710, Japan</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Nasu, Hatsumi" sort="Nasu, Hatsumi" uniqKey="Nasu H" first="Hatsumi" last="Nasu">Hatsumi Nasu</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff0">Biological Research Laboratories IV, Daiichi Sankyo Co. Ltd., 1-2-58, Hiromachi, Shinagawa, Tokyo 140-8710, Japan</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Kubo, Shuku" sort="Kubo, Shuku" uniqKey="Kubo S" first="Shuku" last="Kubo">Shuku Kubo</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff0">Biological Research Laboratories IV, Daiichi Sankyo Co. Ltd., 1-2-58, Hiromachi, Shinagawa, Tokyo 140-8710, Japan</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
</titleStmt>
<publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PMC</idno>
<idno type="pmid">18955520</idno>
<idno type="pmc">2612152</idno>
<idno type="url">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2612152</idno>
<idno type="RBID">PMC:2612152</idno>
<idno type="doi">10.1128/AAC.00333-08</idno>
<date when="2008">2008</date>
<idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Corpus">000261</idno>
<idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PMC">000261</idno>
</publicationStmt>
<sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">CS-8958, a Prodrug of the New Neuraminidase Inhibitor R-125489, Shows Long-Acting Anti-Influenza Virus Activity<xref ref-type="fn" rid="fn2">▿</xref>
</title>
<author><name sortKey="Yamashita, Makoto" sort="Yamashita, Makoto" uniqKey="Yamashita M" first="Makoto" last="Yamashita">Makoto Yamashita</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff0">Biological Research Laboratories IV, Daiichi Sankyo Co. Ltd., 1-2-58, Hiromachi, Shinagawa, Tokyo 140-8710, Japan</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Tomozawa, Takanori" sort="Tomozawa, Takanori" uniqKey="Tomozawa T" first="Takanori" last="Tomozawa">Takanori Tomozawa</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff0">Biological Research Laboratories IV, Daiichi Sankyo Co. Ltd., 1-2-58, Hiromachi, Shinagawa, Tokyo 140-8710, Japan</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Kakuta, Masayo" sort="Kakuta, Masayo" uniqKey="Kakuta M" first="Masayo" last="Kakuta">Masayo Kakuta</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff0">Biological Research Laboratories IV, Daiichi Sankyo Co. Ltd., 1-2-58, Hiromachi, Shinagawa, Tokyo 140-8710, Japan</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Tokumitsu, Akane" sort="Tokumitsu, Akane" uniqKey="Tokumitsu A" first="Akane" last="Tokumitsu">Akane Tokumitsu</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff0">Biological Research Laboratories IV, Daiichi Sankyo Co. Ltd., 1-2-58, Hiromachi, Shinagawa, Tokyo 140-8710, Japan</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Nasu, Hatsumi" sort="Nasu, Hatsumi" uniqKey="Nasu H" first="Hatsumi" last="Nasu">Hatsumi Nasu</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff0">Biological Research Laboratories IV, Daiichi Sankyo Co. Ltd., 1-2-58, Hiromachi, Shinagawa, Tokyo 140-8710, Japan</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Kubo, Shuku" sort="Kubo, Shuku" uniqKey="Kubo S" first="Shuku" last="Kubo">Shuku Kubo</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff0">Biological Research Laboratories IV, Daiichi Sankyo Co. Ltd., 1-2-58, Hiromachi, Shinagawa, Tokyo 140-8710, Japan</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
</analytic>
<series><title level="j">Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy</title>
<idno type="ISSN">0066-4804</idno>
<idno type="eISSN">1098-6596</idno>
<imprint><date when="2008">2008</date>
</imprint>
</series>
</biblStruct>
</sourceDesc>
</fileDesc>
<profileDesc><textClass></textClass>
</profileDesc>
</teiHeader>
<front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p>Two neuraminidase (NA) inhibitors, zanamivir (Relenza) and oseltamivir phosphate (Tamiflu), have been licensed for the treatment of and prophylaxis against influenza. In this paper, the new potent NA inhibitor R-125489 is reported for the first time. R-125489 inhibited the NA activities of various type A and B influenza viruses, including subtypes N1 to N9 and oseltamivir-resistant viruses. The survival effect of R-125489 was shown to be similar to that of zanamivir when administered intranasally in a mouse influenza virus A/Puerto Rico/8/34 infection model. Moreover, we found that the esterified form of R-125489 showed improved efficacy compared to R-125489 and zanamivir, depending on the acyl chain length, and that 3-(<italic>O</italic>
)-octanoyl R-125489 (CS-8958) was the best compound in terms of its life-prolonging effect (<italic>P</italic>
< 0.0001, compared to zanamivir) in the same infection model. A prolonged survival effect was observed after a single administration of CS-8958, even if it was given 7 days before infection. It is suggested that intranasally administered CS-8958 works as a long-acting NA inhibitor and shows in vivo efficacy as a result of a single intranasal administration.</p>
</div>
</front>
</TEI>
<pmc article-type="research-article"><pmc-comment>The publisher of this article does not allow downloading of the full text in XML form.</pmc-comment>
<front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Antimicrob Agents Chemother</journal-id>
<journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">aac</journal-id>
<journal-title>Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy</journal-title>
<issn pub-type="ppub">0066-4804</issn>
<issn pub-type="epub">1098-6596</issn>
<publisher><publisher-name>American Society for Microbiology (ASM)</publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="pmid">18955520</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="pmc">2612152</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">0333-08</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1128/AAC.00333-08</article-id>
<article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Antiviral Agents</subject>
</subj-group>
</article-categories>
<title-group><article-title>CS-8958, a Prodrug of the New Neuraminidase Inhibitor R-125489, Shows Long-Acting Anti-Influenza Virus Activity<xref ref-type="fn" rid="fn2">▿</xref>
</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Yamashita</surname>
<given-names>Makoto</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff0"></xref>
<xref ref-type="fn" rid="fn1">†</xref>
<xref ref-type="corresp" rid="cor1">*</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Tomozawa</surname>
<given-names>Takanori</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff0"></xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Kakuta</surname>
<given-names>Masayo</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff0"></xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Tokumitsu</surname>
<given-names>Akane</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff0"></xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Nasu</surname>
<given-names>Hatsumi</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff0"></xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Kubo</surname>
<given-names>Shuku</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff0"></xref>
<xref ref-type="fn" rid="fn1">†</xref>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="aff0">Biological Research Laboratories IV, Daiichi Sankyo Co. Ltd., 1-2-58, Hiromachi, Shinagawa, Tokyo 140-8710, Japan</aff>
<author-notes><fn id="cor1"><label>*</label>
<p>Corresponding author. Mailing address: Biological Research Laboratories IV, Daiichi Sankyo Co. Ltd., 1-2-58, Hiromachi, Shinagawa, Tokyo 140-8710, Japan. Phone: 81-3-3492-3131. Fax: 81-3-5436-8578. E-mail: <email>yamashita.makoto.yr@daiichisankyo.co.jp</email>
</p>
</fn>
<fn id="fn1"><label>†</label>
<p>M.Y. and S.K. contributed equally to this study.</p>
</fn>
</author-notes>
<pub-date pub-type="ppub"><month>1</month>
<year>2009</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>27</day>
<month>10</month>
<year>2008</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>53</volume>
<issue>1</issue>
<fpage>186</fpage>
<lpage>192</lpage>
<history><date date-type="received"><day>11</day>
<month>3</month>
<year>2008</year>
</date>
<date date-type="rev-recd"><day>25</day>
<month>4</month>
<year>2008</year>
</date>
<date date-type="accepted"><day>10</day>
<month>10</month>
<year>2008</year>
</date>
</history>
<permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright © 2009, American Society for Microbiology</copyright-statement>
</permissions>
<self-uri xlink:title="pdf" xlink:href="zac00109000186.pdf"></self-uri>
<abstract><p>Two neuraminidase (NA) inhibitors, zanamivir (Relenza) and oseltamivir phosphate (Tamiflu), have been licensed for the treatment of and prophylaxis against influenza. In this paper, the new potent NA inhibitor R-125489 is reported for the first time. R-125489 inhibited the NA activities of various type A and B influenza viruses, including subtypes N1 to N9 and oseltamivir-resistant viruses. The survival effect of R-125489 was shown to be similar to that of zanamivir when administered intranasally in a mouse influenza virus A/Puerto Rico/8/34 infection model. Moreover, we found that the esterified form of R-125489 showed improved efficacy compared to R-125489 and zanamivir, depending on the acyl chain length, and that 3-(<italic>O</italic>
)-octanoyl R-125489 (CS-8958) was the best compound in terms of its life-prolonging effect (<italic>P</italic>
< 0.0001, compared to zanamivir) in the same infection model. A prolonged survival effect was observed after a single administration of CS-8958, even if it was given 7 days before infection. It is suggested that intranasally administered CS-8958 works as a long-acting NA inhibitor and shows in vivo efficacy as a result of a single intranasal administration.</p>
</abstract>
</article-meta>
</front>
<floats-wrap><fig position="float" id="f1"><label>FIG. 1.</label>
<caption><p>Chemical structures of R-125489 and CS-8958.</p>
</caption>
<graphic xlink:href="zac0010977900001"></graphic>
</fig>
<fig position="float" id="f2"><label>FIG. 2.</label>
<caption><p>In vivo efficacy of CS-8958 and R-125489 in a mouse influenza virus infection model. Influenza A virus A/PR/8/34-infected (500 PFU, 0 h) mice were given 0.2 μmol/kg of CS-8958 (filled squares), R-125489 (open squares), zanamivir (filled circles), and saline (open circles) at 4 h before infection and 4 h and 18 h p.i. The dose of 0.2 μmol/kg corresponded to 95, 69, and 66 μg/kg for CS-8958, R-125489, and zanamivir, respectively. The number of surviving mice was monitored for 20 days p.i. (<italic>n</italic>
= 10). (Results were not significant for the R-125489 administration group versus the zanamivir administration group [<italic>P</italic>
= 0.0732; log rank test]).</p>
</caption>
<graphic xlink:href="zac0010977900002"></graphic>
</fig>
<fig position="float" id="f3"><label>FIG. 3.</label>
<caption><p>In vivo efficacy of the prodrug of R-125489 with acyl chains of various lengths in a mouse influenza virus infection model. Influenza A virus A/PR/8/34-infected (1,500 PFU, 0 h) mice given 0.3 μmol/kg of R-125489-C<sub>8</sub>
(CS-8958, filled squares), R-125489-C<sub>10</sub>
(filled triangles), R-125489-C<sub>6</sub>
(open triangles), R-125489-C<sub>4</sub>
(open squares), zanamivir (filled circles), and saline (open circles) (a) or R-125489-C<sub>8</sub>
(CS-8958, filled squares), R-125489-C<sub>10</sub>
(filled triangles), R-125489-C<sub>14</sub>
(open triangles), R-125489-C<sub>16</sub>
(open squares), zanamivir (filled circles), and saline (open circles) (b) at 4 h before infection and 4 h and 17 h p.i. The number of surviving mice was monitored for 20 days p.i. (<italic>n</italic>
= 10 to 12).</p>
</caption>
<graphic xlink:href="zac0010977900003"></graphic>
</fig>
<fig position="float" id="f4"><label>FIG. 4.</label>
<caption><p>In vivo efficacy of the prophylactic intranasal administration of CS-8958 or zanamivir in a mouse influenza virus infection model. An intranasal dose of 0.5 μmol/kg of CS-8958 (filled squares), zanamivir (filled circles), or saline (open circles) was intranasally administered once at 10, 7, 4, or 1 day before infection (−10d, −7d, −4d, and −1d), and mice were infected with influenza A (A/PR/8/34) virus at 500 PFU/mouse on day 0. The dose of 0.5 μmol/kg corresponded to 236 μg/kg for CS-8958 and 166 μg/kg for zanamivir. The number of surviving mice was monitored for 20 days p.i. (<italic>n</italic>
= 10). (Results were significant for the group given zanamivir at −1 day versus the group given saline [<italic>P</italic>
= 0.0151]. Results were not significant for the three other zanamivir administration groups versus the saline administration group. Results were significant for all CS-8958 groups [<italic>P</italic>
values of 0.0230 for the group dosed at −10 days and <0.0001 for the other three groups; log rank test]).</p>
</caption>
<graphic xlink:href="zac0010977900004"></graphic>
</fig>
<table-wrap position="float" id="t1"><label>TABLE 1.</label>
<caption><p>IC<sub>50</sub>
s and 95% CIs of NA activities against human influenza viruses<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="t1fn3"><italic>c</italic>
</xref>
</p>
</caption>
<table frame="hsides" rules="groups"><thead><tr><th colspan="1" rowspan="2" align="center" valign="middle">Influenza virus<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="t1fn1"><italic>a</italic>
</xref>
</th>
<th colspan="1" rowspan="2" align="center" valign="middle">Virus subtype or lineage</th>
<th colspan="1" rowspan="2" align="center" valign="middle">Strain type<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="t1fn2"><italic>b</italic>
</xref>
</th>
<th colspan="2" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="bottom">CS-8958
<hr></hr>
</th>
<th colspan="2" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="bottom">R-125489
<hr></hr>
</th>
<th colspan="2" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="bottom">Zanamivir
<hr></hr>
</th>
<th colspan="2" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="bottom">Oseltamivir carboxylate
<hr></hr>
</th>
</tr>
<tr><th colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="bottom">IC<sub>50</sub>
(nM)</th>
<th colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="bottom">95% CI</th>
<th colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="bottom">IC<sub>50</sub>
(nM)</th>
<th colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="bottom">95% CI</th>
<th colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="bottom">IC<sub>50</sub>
(nM)</th>
<th colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="bottom">95% CI</th>
<th colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="bottom">IC<sub>50</sub>
(nM)</th>
<th colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="bottom">95% CI</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody><tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="left" valign="top">H1N1 viruses</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="left" valign="top"></td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="left" valign="top"></td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top"></td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top"></td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top"></td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top"></td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top"></td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top"></td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top"></td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top"></td>
</tr>
<tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="left" valign="top"> A/Puerto Rico/8/1934</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="left" valign="top">H1N1</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="left" valign="top">LS</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">931</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">829-1,050</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top"><underline><underline>5.97</underline>
</underline>
</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">4.88-7.69</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top"><underline><underline>3.62</underline>
</underline>
</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">3.08-4.30</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top"><underline><underline>2.39</underline>
</underline>
</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">1.96-2.95</td>
</tr>
<tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="left" valign="top"> A/Yamagata/32/1989</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="left" valign="top">H1N1</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="left" valign="top">VS</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">882</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">776-998</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">3.42</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">2.94-4.01</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">2.55</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">1.96-3.67</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">1.54</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">1.28-1.91</td>
</tr>
<tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="left" valign="top"> A/New Caledonia/20/1999</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="left" valign="top">H1N1</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="left" valign="top">VS</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">666</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">589-756</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">2.32</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">1.85-2.95</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">2.05</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">1.68-2.65</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">1.58</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">1.35-1.90</td>
</tr>
<tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="left" valign="top"> A/Shiga/1/2002</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="left" valign="top">H1N1</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="left" valign="top">CI</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">733</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">630-860</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">2.09</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">1.39-3.45</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">1.63</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">1.15-2.40</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">1.34</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">1.05-1.72</td>
</tr>
<tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="left" valign="top"> A/Yamagata/3/2002</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="left" valign="top">H1N1</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="left" valign="top">CI</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">709</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">592-858</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">2.57</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">1.93-3.55</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">1.68</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">1.36-2.06</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">1.08</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">0.944-1.23</td>
</tr>
<tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="left" valign="top"> A/Yamagata/57/2002</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="left" valign="top">H1N1</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="left" valign="top">CI</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top"><underline>1,170</underline>
</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">1,040-1,320</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">1.65</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">1.39-2.02</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">1.14</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">0.832-1.70</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top"><underline>0.658</underline>
</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">0.575-0.756</td>
</tr>
<tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="left" valign="top"> A/Saitama/78/2003</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="left" valign="top">H1N1</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="left" valign="top">CI</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">940</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">756-1,170</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">1.79</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">1.26-2.55</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">1.38</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">1.03-1.99</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">1.12</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">0.775-1.71</td>
</tr>
<tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="left" valign="top"> A/Aichi/193/2004</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="left" valign="top">H1N1</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="left" valign="top">CI</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">983</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">792-1,220</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">2.63</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">2.32-3.08</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">1.17</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">0.796-2.00</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">1.26</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">0.789-2.54</td>
</tr>
<tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="left" valign="top"> A/Okinawa/42/2004</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="left" valign="top">H1N1</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="left" valign="top">CI</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top"><underline><underline>631</underline>
</underline>
</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">533-750</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">2.07</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">1.33-4.09</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top"><underline><underline>0.751</underline>
</underline>
</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">0.527-1.13</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">1.86</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">1.69-2.05</td>
</tr>
<tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="left" valign="top"> A/Aichi/169/2005</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="left" valign="top">H1N1</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="left" valign="top">CI</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">664</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">545-817</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">1.55</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">1.06-2.38</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">1.19</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">0.798-2.06</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">1.12</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">0.780-1.81</td>
</tr>
<tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="left" valign="top"> A/Yamagata/83/2006</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="left" valign="top">H1N1</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="left" valign="top">CI</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">733</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">668-808</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top"><underline>1.29</underline>
</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">0.910-2.06</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">0.880</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">0.686-1.17</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">0.785</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">0.660-0.945</td>
</tr>
<tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="left" valign="top"> Mean ± SD</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="left" valign="top"></td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="left" valign="top"></td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">822 ± 171</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top"></td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">2.49 ± 1.30</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top"></td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">1.64 ± 0.838</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top"></td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">1.34 ± 0.491</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top"></td>
</tr>
<tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="left" valign="top">H2N2 virus</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="left" valign="top"></td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="left" valign="top"></td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top"></td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top"></td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top"></td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top"></td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top"></td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top"></td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top"></td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top"></td>
</tr>
<tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="left" valign="top"> A/Singapore/1/1957</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="left" valign="top">H2N2</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="left" valign="top">LS</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">128</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">107-152</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">11.4</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">9.14-14.4</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">3.66</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">2.98-4.56</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">0.925</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">0.831-1.03</td>
</tr>
<tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="left" valign="top">H3N2 virus</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="left" valign="top"></td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="left" valign="top"></td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top"></td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top"></td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top"></td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top"></td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top"></td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top"></td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top"></td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top"></td>
</tr>
<tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="left" valign="top"> A/Aichi/2/1968</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="left" valign="top">H3N2</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="left" valign="top">LS</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">164</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">149-179</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">16.8</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">13.9-21.1</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">7.33</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">5.75-10.2</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">2.39</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">1.83-3.48</td>
</tr>
<tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="left" valign="top"> A/Kitakyushu/159/1993</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="left" valign="top">H3N2</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="left" valign="top">VS</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top"><underline><underline>221</underline>
</underline>
</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">205-239</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">23.5</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">18.9-31.3</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">9.30</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">8.40-10.3</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">1.60</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">1.14-2.60</td>
</tr>
<tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="left" valign="top"> A/Wyoming/03/2003</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="left" valign="top">H3N2</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="left" valign="top">VS</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">114</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">99.5-129</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">22.2</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">17.9-28.0</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">11.0</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">9.50-12.9</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">1.71</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">1.34-2.34</td>
</tr>
<tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="left" valign="top"> A/Wellington/1/2004</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="left" valign="top">H3N2</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="left" valign="top">VS</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">157</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">132-183</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">26.8</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">23.9-30.9</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">8.74</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">7.47-10.2</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">1.99</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">1.92-2.06</td>
</tr>
<tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="left" valign="top"> A/California/07/2004</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="left" valign="top">H3N2</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="left" valign="top">VS</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">135</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">121-150</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">19.4</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">15.7-25.6</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">8.21</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">6.32-11.8</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">1.90</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">1.47-2.69</td>
</tr>
<tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="left" valign="top"> A/New York/55/2004</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="left" valign="top">H3N2</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="left" valign="top">VS</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">136</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">125-147</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">19.2</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">15.3-25.9</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">7.35</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">5.68-10.5</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">1.56</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">1.18-2.28</td>
</tr>
<tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="left" valign="top"> A/Hiroshima/52/2005</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="left" valign="top">H3N2</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="left" valign="top">VS</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">69.1</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">62.5-76.7</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">12.7</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">11.1-14.6</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">5.11</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">4.32-6.24</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">1.33</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">1.18-1.51</td>
</tr>
<tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="left" valign="top"> A/Wisconsin/67/2005</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="left" valign="top">H3N2</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="left" valign="top">VS</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">187</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">171-206</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top"><underline><underline>38.8</underline>
</underline>
</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">33.4-45.5</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top"><underline><underline>14.2</underline>
</underline>
</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">11.9-17.2</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top"><underline><underline>3.44</underline>
</underline>
</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">3.16-3.75</td>
</tr>
<tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="left" valign="top"> A/Shiga/5/2002</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="left" valign="top">H3N2</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="left" valign="top">CI</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">64.2</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">51.5-78.9</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">10.1</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">9.29-11.0</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">4.82</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">4.06-5.88</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top"><underline><underline>0.706</underline>
</underline>
</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">0.597-0.843</td>
</tr>
<tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="left" valign="top"> A/Yamagata/1/2002</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="left" valign="top">H3N2</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="left" valign="top">CI</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">56.6</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">45.5-69.1</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">14.2</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">12.2-16.6</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">7.58</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">6.07-10.1</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">1.09</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">0.981-1.22</td>
</tr>
<tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="left" valign="top"> A/Yamagata/2/2002</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="left" valign="top">H3N2</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="left" valign="top">CI</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">46.6</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">40.8-53.0</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top"><underline>7.09</underline>
</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">5.36-9.62</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">6.45</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">5.08-8.87</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">0.981</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">0.880-1.09</td>
</tr>
<tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="left" valign="top"> A/Saitama/80/2003</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="left" valign="top">H3N2</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="left" valign="top">CI</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top"><underline><underline>39.2</underline>
</underline>
</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">31.5-48.0</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">10.4</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">7.57-15.3</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">7.16</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">4.86-13.8</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">0.711</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">0.550-0.940</td>
</tr>
<tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="left" valign="top"> A/Osaka/56/2004</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="left" valign="top">H3N2</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="left" valign="top">CI</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">129</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">118-141</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">8.72</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">6.96-11.2</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">4.84</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">4.07-5.93</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">1.08</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">0.836-1.48</td>
</tr>
<tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="left" valign="top"> A/Tokushima/1/2005</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="left" valign="top">H3N2</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="left" valign="top">CI</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">131</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">117-147</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">7.54</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">5.76-11.0</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top"><underline><underline>3.42</underline>
</underline>
</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">3.02-3.88</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">0.925</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">0.742-1.19</td>
</tr>
<tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="left" valign="top"> A/Saitama/07/2006</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="left" valign="top">H3N2</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="left" valign="top">CI</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">63.3</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">52.8-75.0</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">13.0</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">11.2-15.3</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">6.04</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">5.01-7.62</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">0.885</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">0.716-1.12</td>
</tr>
<tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="left" valign="top"> Mean ± SD</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="left" valign="top"></td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="left" valign="top"></td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">114 ± 55.5</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top"></td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">16.7 ± 8.62</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top"></td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">7.44 ± 2.70</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top"></td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">1.49 ± 0.738</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top"></td>
</tr>
<tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="left" valign="top">Type B</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="left" valign="top"></td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="left" valign="top"></td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top"></td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top"></td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top"></td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top"></td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top"></td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top"></td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top"></td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top"></td>
</tr>
<tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="left" valign="top"> B/Brisbane/32/2002</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="left" valign="top">Victoria</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="left" valign="top">VS</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">9,890</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">8,880-11,000</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">30.5</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">26.2-35.5</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">7.78</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">6.29-9.83</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">13.6</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">12.2-15.1</td>
</tr>
<tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="left" valign="top"> B/Malaysia/2506/2004</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="left" valign="top">Victoria</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="left" valign="top">VS</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">11,100</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">10,400-11,900</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">31.3</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">28.7-34.0</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">8.66</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">6.94-11.1</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">15.1</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">13.6-16.7</td>
</tr>
<tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="left" valign="top"> B/Ohio/01/2005</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="left" valign="top">Victoria</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="left" valign="top">VS</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">12,800</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">11,800-13,900</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">30.0</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">27.6-32.7</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">7.86</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">6.45-9.75</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">13.6</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">11.9-15.5</td>
</tr>
<tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="left" valign="top"> B/Shiga/17/2002</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="left" valign="top">Victoria</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="left" valign="top">CI</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">7,680</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">6,980-8,490</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">18.2</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">16.9-19.6</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">7.11</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">5.45-10.3</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">8.72</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">5.99-11.8</td>
</tr>
<tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="left" valign="top"> B/Yamagata/15/2002</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="left" valign="top">Victoria</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="left" valign="top">CI</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">6,980</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">6,310-7,760</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">15.9</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">13.6-19.2</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">5.68</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">4.48-7.72</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">7.25</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">5.81-8.94</td>
</tr>
<tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="left" valign="top"> B/Akita/9/2003</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="left" valign="top">Victoria</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="left" valign="top">CI</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">13,800</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">12,400-15,600</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">12.4</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">10.8-14.5</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">3.79</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">3.35-4.33</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">9.55</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">8.04-11.3</td>
</tr>
<tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="left" valign="top"> B/Tokushima/1/2003</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="left" valign="top">Victoria</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="left" valign="top">CI</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">13,800</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">12,600-15,200</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">11.4</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">10.1-13.0</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top"><underline><bold>3.55</bold>
</underline>
</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">3.12-4.07</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">9.26</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">7.77-11.0</td>
</tr>
<tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="left" valign="top"> B/Yamagata/145/2003</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="left" valign="top">Victoria</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="left" valign="top">CI</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">15,900</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">13,900-18,300</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top"><bold><underline>10.4</underline>
</bold>
</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">7.86-14.7</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">4.05</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">3.44-4.84</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top"><underline><bold>3.09</bold>
</underline>
</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">2.83-3.37</td>
</tr>
<tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="left" valign="top"> B/Yamagata/398/2003</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="left" valign="top">Victoria</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="left" valign="top">CI</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">12,400</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">11,700-13,200</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">12.5</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">11.1-14.2</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">3.78</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">3.33-4.32</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">10.1</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">8.53-12.0</td>
</tr>
<tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="left" valign="top"> B/Aichi/3/2006</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="left" valign="top">Victoria</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="left" valign="top">CI</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">13,800</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">12,900-14,900</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">19.3</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">16.0-24.4</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">4.85</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">4.19-5.71</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">12.4</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">11.0-14.0</td>
</tr>
<tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="left" valign="top"> B/Saitama/01/2006</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="left" valign="top">Victoria</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="left" valign="top">CI</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top"><underline><underline>45,500</underline>
</underline>
</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">42,000-49,800</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top"><bold>26.5</bold>
</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">19.9-40.2</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">6.41</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">5.16-8.46</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top"><bold>13.7</bold>
</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">11.7-16.0</td>
</tr>
<tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="left" valign="top"> B/Mie/1/1993</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="left" valign="top">Yamagata</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="left" valign="top">VS</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">6,850</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">6,150-7,610</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">31.3</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">28.2-34.8</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top"><underline><underline>12.0</underline>
</underline>
</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">10.6-13.6</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top"><underline><underline>15.6</underline>
</underline>
</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">14.2-17.1</td>
</tr>
<tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="left" valign="top"> B/Shanghai/361/2002</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="left" valign="top">Yamagata</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="left" valign="top">VS</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">6,660</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">5,920-7,470</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top"><underline>31.4</underline>
</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">28.6-34.6</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">10.1</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">7.76-13.9</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">12.0</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">10.5-13.6</td>
</tr>
<tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="left" valign="top"> B/Shiga/31/2002</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="left" valign="top">Yamagata</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="left" valign="top">CI</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">10,500</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">10,000-11,100</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">14.0</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">12.1-16.4</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">4.90</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">4.08-6.08</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">9.16</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">7.61-11.0</td>
</tr>
<tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="left" valign="top"> B/Shizuoka/58/2004</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="left" valign="top">Yamagata</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="left" valign="top">CI</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">7,530</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">6,850-8,310</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">16.0</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">13.6-19.4</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">5.67</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">4.66-7.24</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">8.34</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">7.06-9.81</td>
</tr>
<tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="left" valign="top"> B/Yamagata/85/2004</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="left" valign="top">Yamagata</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="left" valign="top">CI</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">7,190</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">6,610-7,830</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">18.3</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">15.4-22.7</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">6.44</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">5.25-8.33</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">8.84</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">7.51-10.4</td>
</tr>
<tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="left" valign="top"> B/Yamagata/87/2004</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="left" valign="top">Yamagata</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="left" valign="top">CI</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">7,790</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">7,470-8,110</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">16.7</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">14.0-20.4</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">5.82</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">4.86-7.26</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">8.26</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">6.95-9.78</td>
</tr>
<tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="left" valign="top"> B/Aichi/186/2005</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="left" valign="top">Yamagata</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="left" valign="top">CI</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">3,550</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">3,160-3,980</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">15.0</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">12.8-18.1</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">6.72</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">5.45-8.79</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">9.21</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">8.02-10.6</td>
</tr>
<tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="left" valign="top"> B/Saitama/01/2005</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="left" valign="top">Yamagata</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="left" valign="top">CI</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">3,610</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">3,200-4,080</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">15.0</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">13.2-17.5</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">6.89</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">5.49-9.28</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">10.6</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">9.25-12.2</td>
</tr>
<tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="left" valign="top"> B/Sapporo/29/2005</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="left" valign="top">Yamagata</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="left" valign="top">CI</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">3,600</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">3,140-4,120</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">15.4</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">13.3-18.2</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">6.91</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">5.40-9.64</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">9.62</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">8.27-11.2</td>
</tr>
<tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="left" valign="top"> B/Tokushima/1/2005</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="left" valign="top">Yamagata</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="left" valign="top">CI</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">3,710</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">3,260-4,240</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">14.2</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">12.2-16.8</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">6.30</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">5.18-8.04</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">8.35</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">7.16-9.71</td>
</tr>
<tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="left" valign="top"> B/Yamagata/1/2005</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="left" valign="top">Yamagata</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="left" valign="top">CI</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">3,630</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">3,190-4,140</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">13.7</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">11.9-16.2</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">6.36</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">5.11-8.45</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">9.44</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">7.86-11.3</td>
</tr>
<tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="left" valign="top"> B/Yamagata/113/2005</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="left" valign="top">Yamagata</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="left" valign="top">CI</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top"><underline><underline>3,500</underline>
</underline>
</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">3,130-3,910</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">15.8</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">13.5-19.0</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top"><bold>7.59</bold>
</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">5.91-10.7</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">10.6</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">9.17-12.3</td>
</tr>
<tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="left" valign="top"> Mean ± SD</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="left" valign="top"></td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="left" valign="top"></td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">10,100 ± 8,670</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top"></td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">18.9 ± 7.20</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top"></td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">6.49 ± 2.02</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top"></td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">10.3 ± 2.82</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top"></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table-wrap-foot><fn id="t1fn1"><label>a</label>
<p>Means and standard deviations (SD) of NA inhibitor compound IC<sub>50</sub>
s to H1N1 (11 strains), H3N2 (15 strains), and type B viruses (23 strains) are shown.</p>
</fn>
<fn id="t1fn2"><label>b</label>
<p>LS, laboratory strain; VS, vaccine strain; CI, clinical isolate.</p>
</fn>
<fn id="t1fn3"><label>c</label>
<p>Maximum and minimum IC<sub>50</sub>
s of each compound against H1N1, H3N2, and type B viruses are underlined. IC<sub>50</sub>
s of NA inhibitors to B viruses in boldface indicate maximum or minimum IC<sub>50</sub>
s of each inhibitor to the clinical isolates. CI, confidence interval.</p>
</fn>
</table-wrap-foot>
</table-wrap>
<table-wrap position="float" id="t2"><label>TABLE 2.</label>
<caption><p>IC<sub>50</sub>
s and 95% CIs of NA activities against animal influenza viruses<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="t2fn2"><italic>b</italic>
</xref>
</p>
</caption>
<table frame="hsides" rules="groups"><thead><tr><th colspan="1" rowspan="2" align="center" valign="middle">Influenza virus</th>
<th colspan="1" rowspan="2" align="center" valign="middle">Subtype</th>
<th colspan="2" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="bottom">CS-8958
<hr></hr>
</th>
<th colspan="2" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="bottom">R-125489
<hr></hr>
</th>
<th colspan="2" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="bottom">Zanamivir
<hr></hr>
</th>
<th colspan="2" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="bottom">Oseltamivir carboxylate
<hr></hr>
</th>
</tr>
<tr><th colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="bottom">IC<sub>50</sub>
(nM)</th>
<th colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="bottom">95% CI</th>
<th colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="bottom">IC<sub>50</sub>
(nM)</th>
<th colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="bottom">95% CI</th>
<th colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="bottom">IC<sub>50</sub>
(nM)</th>
<th colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="bottom">95% CI</th>
<th colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="bottom">IC<sub>50</sub>
(nM)</th>
<th colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="bottom">95% CI</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody><tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="left" valign="top">A/R(duck/Mongolia/54/01- duck/Mongolia/47/01)<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="t2fn1"><italic>a</italic>
</xref>
</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="left" valign="top">H5N1</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="char" char="." valign="top">276</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">254-300</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="char" char="." valign="top">4.54</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">3.91-5.37</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="char" char="." valign="top">2.99</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">2.25-4.20</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="char" char="." valign="top">2.17</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">1.94-2.43</td>
</tr>
<tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="left" valign="top">A/duck/Hokkaido/84/2002</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="left" valign="top">H5N3</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="char" char="." valign="top">456</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">413-502</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="char" char="." valign="top">13.3</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">11.6-15.6</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="char" char="." valign="top">3.65</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">2.63-5.57</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="char" char="." valign="top">2.94</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">2.80-3.10</td>
</tr>
<tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="left" valign="top">A/turkey/Ontario/6,118/1968</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="left" valign="top">H8N4</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="char" char="." valign="top">420</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">378-471</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="char" char="." valign="top">7.08</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">6.55-7.71</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="char" char="." valign="top">5.58</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">4.35-7.71</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="char" char="." valign="top"><underline>3.65</underline>
</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">2.99-4.37</td>
</tr>
<tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="left" valign="top">A/duck/Alberta/60/1976</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="left" valign="top">H12N5</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="char" char="." valign="top"><underline><underline>1,140</underline>
</underline>
</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">1,020-1,270</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="char" char="." valign="top">2.34</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">2.24-2.44</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="char" char="." valign="top">1.83</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">1.49-2.35</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="char" char="." valign="top"><underline><underline>1.43</underline>
</underline>
</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">1.31-1.55</td>
</tr>
<tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="left" valign="top">A/duck/England/1/1956</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="left" valign="top">H11N6</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="char" char="." valign="top">262</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">242-282</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="char" char="." valign="top">25.5</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">24.9-26.3</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="char" char="." valign="top">8.57</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">8.11-9.06</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="char" char="." valign="top">2.81</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">2.70-2.92</td>
</tr>
<tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="left" valign="top">A/seal/Massachusetts/1/1980</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="left" valign="top">H7N7</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="char" char="." valign="top"><underline><underline>142</underline>
</underline>
</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">121-165</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="char" char="." valign="top"><underline><underline>27.9</underline>
</underline>
</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">25.9-30.1</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="char" char="." valign="top"><underline>11.5</underline>
</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">10.5-12.6</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="char" char="." valign="top">2.56</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">2.42-2.72</td>
</tr>
<tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="left" valign="top">A/duck/Ukraine/1/1963</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="left" valign="top">H3N8</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="char" char="." valign="top">1,050</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">1,010-1,090</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="char" char="." valign="top"><underline><underline>1.81</underline>
</underline>
</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">1.77-1.84</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="char" char="." valign="top"><underline>1.40</underline>
</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">1.24-1.61</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="char" char="." valign="top">2.12</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">1.93-2.34</td>
</tr>
<tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="left" valign="top">A/duck/Memphis/546/1974</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="left" valign="top">H11N9</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="char" char="." valign="top">356</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">313-403</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="char" char="." valign="top">6.81</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">6.51-7.14</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="char" char="." valign="top">3.31</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">3.11-3.53</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="char" char="." valign="top">1.70</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">1.66-1.73</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table-wrap-foot><fn id="t2fn1"><label>a</label>
<p>Reassortant virus generated from A/duck/Mongolia/54/01 (H5N2) and A/duck/Mongolia/47/01 (H7N1).</p>
</fn>
<fn id="t2fn2"><label>b</label>
<p>Maximum and minimum IC<sub>50</sub>
s are underlined for each compound. CI, confidence interval.</p>
</fn>
</table-wrap-foot>
</table-wrap>
<table-wrap position="float" id="t3"><label>TABLE 3.</label>
<caption><p>IC<sub>50</sub>
s, 95% CIs, and mutant/wild-type ratios of NA activities against oseltamivir-resistant influenza viruses<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="t3fn2"><italic>b</italic>
</xref>
</p>
</caption>
<table frame="hsides" rules="groups"><thead><tr><th colspan="1" rowspan="2" align="center" valign="middle">Influenza virus</th>
<th colspan="1" rowspan="2" align="center" valign="middle">Virus type or subtype</th>
<th colspan="1" rowspan="2" align="center" valign="middle">Mutation in NA<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="t3fn1"><italic>a</italic>
</xref>
</th>
<th colspan="3" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="bottom">R-125489
<hr></hr>
</th>
<th colspan="3" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="bottom">Zanamivir
<hr></hr>
</th>
<th colspan="3" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="bottom">Oseltamivir carboxylate
<hr></hr>
</th>
</tr>
<tr><th colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="bottom">IC<sub>50</sub>
(nM)</th>
<th colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="bottom">95% CI</th>
<th colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="bottom">Ratio</th>
<th colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="bottom">IC<sub>50</sub>
(nM)</th>
<th colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="bottom">95% CI</th>
<th colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="bottom">Ratio</th>
<th colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="bottom">IC<sub>50</sub>
(nM)</th>
<th colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="bottom">95% CI</th>
<th colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="bottom">Ratio</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody><tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="left" valign="top">A/Yokohama/67/2006 (clone 1)</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="left" valign="top">H1N1</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="left" valign="top">WT</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="char" char="." valign="top">3.03</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">2.75-3.35</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="char" char="." valign="top"></td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="char" char="." valign="top">2.70</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">2.53-2.90</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="char" char="." valign="top"></td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="char" char="." valign="top">2.28</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">2.12-2.43</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="char" char="." valign="top"></td>
</tr>
<tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="left" valign="top"></td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="left" valign="top"></td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="left" valign="top"></td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="char" char="." valign="top"></td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top"></td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="char" char="." valign="top">1.9</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="char" char="." valign="top"></td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top"></td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="char" char="." valign="top">1.1</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="char" char="." valign="top"></td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top"></td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="char" char="." valign="top">330</td>
</tr>
<tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="left" valign="top">A/Yokohama/67/2006 H274Y (clone 11)</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="left" valign="top">H1N1</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="left" valign="top">H274Y</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="char" char="." valign="top">5.62</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">4.75-6.89</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="char" char="." valign="top"></td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="char" char="." valign="top">3.05</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">2.88-3.23</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="char" char="." valign="top"></td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="char" char="." valign="top">755</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">727-784</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="char" char="." valign="top"></td>
</tr>
<tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="left" valign="top">A/Kawasaki/IMS22A-954/2003</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="left" valign="top">H3N2</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="left" valign="top">WT</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="char" char="." valign="top">15.4</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">13.4-18.0</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="char" char="." valign="top"></td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="char" char="." valign="top">8.29</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">7.87-8.72</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="char" char="." valign="top"></td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="char" char="." valign="top">1.25</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">1.09-1.45</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="char" char="." valign="top"></td>
</tr>
<tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="left" valign="top"></td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="left" valign="top"></td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="left" valign="top"></td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="char" char="." valign="top"></td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top"></td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="char" char="." valign="top">0.69</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="char" char="." valign="top"></td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top"></td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="char" char="." valign="top">1.4</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="char" char="." valign="top"></td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top"></td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="char" char="." valign="top">8,400</td>
</tr>
<tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="left" valign="top">A/Kawasaki/IMS22B-955/2003</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="left" valign="top">H3N2</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="left" valign="top">R292K</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="char" char="." valign="top">10.6</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">9.83-11.4</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="char" char="." valign="top"></td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="char" char="." valign="top">11.2</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">9.59-13.0</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="char" char="." valign="top"></td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="char" char="." valign="top">10,400</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">9,600-11,400</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="char" char="." valign="top"></td>
</tr>
<tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="left" valign="top">A/Yokohama/IMS9A-2029/2003</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="left" valign="top">H3N2</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="left" valign="top">WT</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="char" char="." valign="top">19.2</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">15.9-24.2</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="char" char="." valign="top"></td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="char" char="." valign="top">10.7</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">10.1-11.4</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="char" char="." valign="top"></td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="char" char="." valign="top">1.78</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">1.76-1.80</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="char" char="." valign="top"></td>
</tr>
<tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="left" valign="top"></td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="left" valign="top"></td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="left" valign="top"></td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="char" char="." valign="top"></td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top"></td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="char" char="." valign="top">0.69</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="char" char="." valign="top"></td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top"></td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="char" char="." valign="top">0.72</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="char" char="." valign="top"></td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top"></td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="char" char="." valign="top">79</td>
</tr>
<tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="left" valign="top">A/Yokohama/IMS9B-2050/2003</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="left" valign="top">H3N2</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="left" valign="top">E119V</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="char" char="." valign="top">13.2</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">11.7-15.0</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="char" char="." valign="top"></td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="char" char="." valign="top">7.71</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">7.58-7.85</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="char" char="." valign="top"></td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="char" char="." valign="top">140</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">120-165</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="char" char="." valign="top"></td>
</tr>
<tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="left" valign="top">A/Kawasaki/MS31A-1030/2002</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="left" valign="top">H3N2</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="left" valign="top">WT</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="char" char="." valign="top">13.4</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">11.8-15.3</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="char" char="." valign="top"></td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="char" char="." valign="top">7.82</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">7.57-8.10</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="char" char="." valign="top"></td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="char" char="." valign="top">1.18</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">1.07-1.31</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="char" char="." valign="top"></td>
</tr>
<tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="left" valign="top"></td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="left" valign="top"></td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="left" valign="top"></td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="char" char="." valign="top"></td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top"></td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="char" char="." valign="top">2.8</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="char" char="." valign="top"></td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top"></td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="char" char="." valign="top">1.7</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="char" char="." valign="top"></td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top"></td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="char" char="." valign="top">32</td>
</tr>
<tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="left" valign="top">A/Kawasaki/MS31B-1206/2002</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="left" valign="top">H3N2</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="left" valign="top">N294S</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="char" char="." valign="top">37.3</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">33.9-41.2</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="char" char="." valign="top"></td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="char" char="." valign="top">13.5</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">12.0-15.4</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="char" char="." valign="top"></td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="char" char="." valign="top">37.2</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">34.7-39.7</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="char" char="." valign="top"></td>
</tr>
<tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="left" valign="top">B/Yokohama/UT2203/2005</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="left" valign="top">B</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="left" valign="top">D198N</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="char" char="." valign="top">48.9</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">41.7-58.7</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">—</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="char" char="." valign="top">33.6</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">31.6-35.8</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">—</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="char" char="." valign="top">40.5</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">36.8-44.6</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">—</td>
</tr>
<tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="left" valign="top">B/Yokohama/UT3318/2005</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="left" valign="top">B</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="left" valign="top">I222T</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="char" char="." valign="top">30.2</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">27.6-33.0</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">—</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="char" char="." valign="top">20.0</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">16.2-26.4</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">—</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="char" char="." valign="top">68.8</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">63.8-74.1</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">—</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table-wrap-foot><fn id="t3fn1"><label>a</label>
<p>Amino acids at left mutated to the amino acids at right at the indicated residue numbers, based on N2 NA numbering. Amino acids are described using one-letter symbols. WT, wild type.</p>
</fn>
<fn id="t3fn2"><label>b</label>
<p>Mutant/wild-type IC<sub>50</sub>
ratios are shown. CI, confidence interval; —, not applicable.</p>
</fn>
</table-wrap-foot>
</table-wrap>
</floats-wrap>
</pmc>
</record>
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