Complete Genomic Sequence of Human Coronavirus OC43: Molecular Clock Analysis Suggests a Relatively Recent Zoonotic Coronavirus Transmission Event
Identifieur interne : 000C33 ( Pmc/Checkpoint ); précédent : 000C32; suivant : 000C34Complete Genomic Sequence of Human Coronavirus OC43: Molecular Clock Analysis Suggests a Relatively Recent Zoonotic Coronavirus Transmission Event
Auteurs : Leen Vijgen [Belgique] ; Els Keyaerts [Belgique] ; Elien Moës [Belgique] ; Inge Thoelen [Belgique] ; Elke Wollants [Belgique] ; Philippe Lemey [Belgique] ; Anne-Mieke Vandamme [Belgique] ; Marc Van Ranst [Belgique]Source :
- Journal of Virology [ 0022-538X ] ; 2005.
Abstract
Coronaviruses are enveloped, positive-stranded RNA viruses with a genome of approximately 30 kb. Based on genetic similarities, coronaviruses are classified into three groups. Two group 2 coronaviruses, human coronavirus OC43 (HCoV-OC43) and bovine coronavirus (BCoV), show remarkable antigenic and genetic similarities. In this study, we report the first complete genome sequence (30,738 nucleotides) of the prototype HCoV-OC43 strain (ATCC VR759). Complete genome and open reading frame (ORF) analyses were performed in comparison to the BCoV genome. In the region between the spike and membrane protein genes, a 290-nucleotide deletion is present, corresponding to the absence of BCoV ORFs ns4.9 and ns4.8. Nucleotide and amino acid similarity percentages were determined for the major HCoV-OC43 ORFs and for those of other group 2 coronaviruses. The highest degree of similarity is demonstrated between HCoV-OC43 and BCoV in all ORFs with the exception of the E gene. Molecular clock analysis of the spike gene sequences of BCoV and HCoV-OC43 suggests a relatively recent zoonotic transmission event and dates their most recent common ancestor to around 1890. An evolutionary rate in the order of 4 × 10−4 nucleotide changes per site per year was estimated. This is the first animal-human zoonotic pair of coronaviruses that can be analyzed in order to gain insights into the processes of adaptation of a nonhuman coronavirus to a human host, which is important for understanding the interspecies transmission events that led to the origin of the severe acute respiratory syndrome outbreak.
Url:
DOI: 10.1128/JVI.79.3.1595-1604.2005
PubMed: 15650185
PubMed Central: 544107
Affiliations:
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<front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p>Coronaviruses are enveloped, positive-stranded RNA viruses with a genome of approximately 30 kb. Based on genetic similarities, coronaviruses are classified into three groups. Two group 2 coronaviruses, human coronavirus OC43 (HCoV-OC43) and bovine coronavirus (BCoV), show remarkable antigenic and genetic similarities. In this study, we report the first complete genome sequence (30,738 nucleotides) of the prototype HCoV-OC43 strain (ATCC VR759). Complete genome and open reading frame (ORF) analyses were performed in comparison to the BCoV genome. In the region between the spike and membrane protein genes, a 290-nucleotide deletion is present, corresponding to the absence of BCoV ORFs ns4.9 and ns4.8. Nucleotide and amino acid similarity percentages were determined for the major HCoV-OC43 ORFs and for those of other group 2 coronaviruses. The highest degree of similarity is demonstrated between HCoV-OC43 and BCoV in all ORFs with the exception of the E gene. Molecular clock analysis of the spike gene sequences of BCoV and HCoV-OC43 suggests a relatively recent zoonotic transmission event and dates their most recent common ancestor to around 1890. An evolutionary rate in the order of 4 × 10<sup>−4</sup>
nucleotide changes per site per year was estimated. This is the first animal-human zoonotic pair of coronaviruses that can be analyzed in order to gain insights into the processes of adaptation of a nonhuman coronavirus to a human host, which is important for understanding the interspecies transmission events that led to the origin of the severe acute respiratory syndrome outbreak.</p>
</div>
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<pmc article-type="research-article"><pmc-comment>The publisher of this article does not allow downloading of the full text in XML form.</pmc-comment>
<front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">J Virol</journal-id>
<journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">jvi</journal-id>
<journal-title>Journal of Virology</journal-title>
<issn pub-type="ppub">0022-538X</issn>
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<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1128/JVI.79.3.1595-1604.2005</article-id>
<article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Recombination and Evolution</subject>
</subj-group>
</article-categories>
<title-group><article-title>Complete Genomic Sequence of Human Coronavirus OC43: Molecular Clock Analysis Suggests a Relatively Recent Zoonotic Coronavirus Transmission Event</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Vijgen</surname>
<given-names>Leen</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff0"></xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Keyaerts</surname>
<given-names>Els</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff0"></xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Moës</surname>
<given-names>Elien</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff0"></xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Thoelen</surname>
<given-names>Inge</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff0"></xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Wollants</surname>
<given-names>Elke</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff0"></xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Lemey</surname>
<given-names>Philippe</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff0"></xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Vandamme</surname>
<given-names>Anne-Mieke</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff0"></xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Van Ranst</surname>
<given-names>Marc</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff0"></xref>
<xref ref-type="corresp" rid="cor1">*</xref>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="aff0">Laboratory of Clinical and Epidemiological Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium</aff>
<author-notes><fn id="cor1"><label>*</label>
<p>Corresponding author. Mailing address: Laboratory of Clinical and Epidemiological Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, University of Leuven, Minderbroedersstraat 10, BE-3000 Leuven, Belgium. Phone: 32-16-347908. Fax: 32-16-347900. E-mail: <email>marc.vanranst@uz.kuleuven.ac.be</email>
.</p>
</fn>
</author-notes>
<pub-date pub-type="ppub"><month>2</month>
<year>2005</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>79</volume>
<issue>3</issue>
<fpage>1595</fpage>
<lpage>1604</lpage>
<history><date date-type="received"><day>14</day>
<month>6</month>
<year>2004</year>
</date>
<date date-type="accepted"><day>16</day>
<month>9</month>
<year>2004</year>
</date>
</history>
<copyright-statement>Copyright © 2005, American Society for Microbiology</copyright-statement>
<copyright-year>2005</copyright-year>
<abstract><p>Coronaviruses are enveloped, positive-stranded RNA viruses with a genome of approximately 30 kb. Based on genetic similarities, coronaviruses are classified into three groups. Two group 2 coronaviruses, human coronavirus OC43 (HCoV-OC43) and bovine coronavirus (BCoV), show remarkable antigenic and genetic similarities. In this study, we report the first complete genome sequence (30,738 nucleotides) of the prototype HCoV-OC43 strain (ATCC VR759). Complete genome and open reading frame (ORF) analyses were performed in comparison to the BCoV genome. In the region between the spike and membrane protein genes, a 290-nucleotide deletion is present, corresponding to the absence of BCoV ORFs ns4.9 and ns4.8. Nucleotide and amino acid similarity percentages were determined for the major HCoV-OC43 ORFs and for those of other group 2 coronaviruses. The highest degree of similarity is demonstrated between HCoV-OC43 and BCoV in all ORFs with the exception of the E gene. Molecular clock analysis of the spike gene sequences of BCoV and HCoV-OC43 suggests a relatively recent zoonotic transmission event and dates their most recent common ancestor to around 1890. An evolutionary rate in the order of 4 × 10<sup>−4</sup>
nucleotide changes per site per year was estimated. This is the first animal-human zoonotic pair of coronaviruses that can be analyzed in order to gain insights into the processes of adaptation of a nonhuman coronavirus to a human host, which is important for understanding the interspecies transmission events that led to the origin of the severe acute respiratory syndrome outbreak.</p>
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