Molecular Characterization of a Novel Avian Influenza A (H2N9) Strain Isolated from Wild Duck in Korea in 2018
Identifieur interne : 001025 ( Ncbi/Merge ); précédent : 001024; suivant : 001026Molecular Characterization of a Novel Avian Influenza A (H2N9) Strain Isolated from Wild Duck in Korea in 2018
Auteurs : Seon-Ju Yeo ; Duc-Duong Than ; Hong-Seog Park ; Haan Woo Sung [Corée du Sud] ; Hyun ParkSource :
- Viruses [ 1999-4915 ] ; 2019.
Abstract
A novel avian influenza virus (A/wild duck/Korea/K102/2018) (H2N9) was isolated from wild birds in South Korea in 2018, and phylogenetic and molecular analyses were conducted on complete gene sequences obtained by next-generation sequencing. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that the hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA) genes of the A/wild duck/Korea/K102/2018 (H2N9) virus belonged to the Eurasian countries, whereas other internal genes (polymerase basic protein 1 (PB1), PB2, nucleoprotein (NP), polymerase acidic protein (PA), matrix protein (M), and non-structural protein (NS)) belonged to the East Asian countries. A monobasic amino acid (PQIEPR/GLF) at the HA cleavage site, E627 in the PB2 gene, and no deletion of the stalk region in the NA gene indicated that the A/wild duck/Korea/K102/2018 (H2N9) isolate was a typical low pathogenicity avian influenza (LPAI). Nucleotide sequence similarity analysis of HA revealed that the highest homology (98.34%) is to that of A/duck/Mongolia/482/2015 (H2N3), and amino acid sequence of NA was closely related to that of A/duck/Bangladesh/8987/2010 (H10N9) (96.45%). In contrast, internal genes showed homology higher than 98% compared to those of other isolates derived from duck and wild birds of China or Japan in 2016–2018. The newly isolated A/wild duck/Korea/K102/2018 (H2N9) strain is the first reported avian influenza virus in Korea, and may have evolved from multiple genotypes in wild birds and ducks in Mongolia, China, and Japan.
Url:
DOI: 10.3390/v11111046
PubMed: 31717636
PubMed Central: 6893532
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<record><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">Molecular Characterization of a Novel Avian Influenza A (H2N9) Strain Isolated from Wild Duck in Korea in 2018</title><author><name sortKey="Yeo, Seon Ju" sort="Yeo, Seon Ju" uniqKey="Yeo S" first="Seon-Ju" last="Yeo">Seon-Ju Yeo</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af1-viruses-11-01046">Zoonosis Research Center, Department of Infection Biology, School of Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan 54538, Korea;<email>yeosj@wku.ac.kr</email> (S.-J.Y.);<email>ducduong27189@gmail.com</email> (D.-D.T.)</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Than, Duc Duong" sort="Than, Duc Duong" uniqKey="Than D" first="Duc-Duong" last="Than">Duc-Duong Than</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af1-viruses-11-01046">Zoonosis Research Center, Department of Infection Biology, School of Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan 54538, Korea;<email>yeosj@wku.ac.kr</email> (S.-J.Y.);<email>ducduong27189@gmail.com</email> (D.-D.T.)</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Park, Hong Seog" sort="Park, Hong Seog" uniqKey="Park H" first="Hong-Seog" last="Park">Hong-Seog Park</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af2-viruses-11-01046">GnCBio Inc, 4F, Yegan Plaza, 36, Banseok-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34069, Korea;<email>5022daniel@naver.com</email></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sung, Haan Woo" sort="Sung, Haan Woo" uniqKey="Sung H" first="Haan Woo" last="Sung">Haan Woo Sung</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af3-viruses-11-01046">College of Veterinary Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Corée du Sud</country><wicri:regionArea>College of Veterinary Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Chuncheon 24341</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Park, Hyun" sort="Park, Hyun" uniqKey="Park H" first="Hyun" last="Park">Hyun 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wicri:step="Checkpoint">000049</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Ncbi/Merge">001025</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">Molecular Characterization of a Novel Avian Influenza A (H2N9) Strain Isolated from Wild Duck in Korea in 2018</title><author><name sortKey="Yeo, Seon Ju" sort="Yeo, Seon Ju" uniqKey="Yeo S" first="Seon-Ju" last="Yeo">Seon-Ju Yeo</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af1-viruses-11-01046">Zoonosis Research Center, Department of Infection Biology, School of Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan 54538, Korea;<email>yeosj@wku.ac.kr</email> (S.-J.Y.);<email>ducduong27189@gmail.com</email> (D.-D.T.)</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Than, Duc Duong" sort="Than, Duc Duong" uniqKey="Than D" first="Duc-Duong" last="Than">Duc-Duong Than</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af1-viruses-11-01046">Zoonosis Research Center, Department of Infection Biology, School of Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan 54538, Korea;<email>yeosj@wku.ac.kr</email> (S.-J.Y.);<email>ducduong27189@gmail.com</email> (D.-D.T.)</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Park, Hong Seog" sort="Park, Hong Seog" uniqKey="Park H" first="Hong-Seog" last="Park">Hong-Seog Park</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af2-viruses-11-01046">GnCBio Inc, 4F, Yegan Plaza, 36, Banseok-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34069, Korea;<email>5022daniel@naver.com</email></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sung, Haan Woo" sort="Sung, Haan Woo" uniqKey="Sung H" first="Haan Woo" last="Sung">Haan Woo Sung</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af3-viruses-11-01046">College of Veterinary Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Corée du Sud</country><wicri:regionArea>College of Veterinary Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Chuncheon 24341</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Park, Hyun" sort="Park, Hyun" uniqKey="Park H" first="Hyun" last="Park">Hyun Park</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af1-viruses-11-01046">Zoonosis Research Center, Department of Infection Biology, School of Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan 54538, Korea;<email>yeosj@wku.ac.kr</email> (S.-J.Y.);<email>ducduong27189@gmail.com</email> (D.-D.T.)</nlm:aff></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">Viruses</title><idno type="eISSN">1999-4915</idno><imprint><date when="2019">2019</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p>A novel avian influenza virus (A/wild duck/Korea/K102/2018) (H2N9) was isolated from wild birds in South Korea in 2018, and phylogenetic and molecular analyses were conducted on complete gene sequences obtained by next-generation sequencing. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that the hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA) genes of the A/wild duck/Korea/K102/2018 (H2N9) virus belonged to the Eurasian countries, whereas other internal genes (polymerase basic protein 1 (PB1), PB2, nucleoprotein (NP), polymerase acidic protein (PA), matrix protein (M), and non-structural protein (NS)) belonged to the East Asian countries. A monobasic amino acid (PQIEPR/GLF) at the HA cleavage site, E627 in the PB2 gene, and no deletion of the stalk region in the NA gene indicated that the A/wild duck/Korea/K102/2018 (H2N9) isolate was a typical low pathogenicity avian influenza (LPAI). Nucleotide sequence similarity analysis of HA revealed that the highest homology (98.34%) is to that of A/duck/Mongolia/482/2015 (H2N3), and amino acid sequence of NA was closely related to that of A/duck/Bangladesh/8987/2010 (H10N9) (96.45%). In contrast, internal genes showed homology higher than 98% compared to those of other isolates derived from duck and wild birds of China or Japan in 2016–2018. The newly isolated A/wild duck/Korea/K102/2018 (H2N9) strain is the first reported avian influenza virus in Korea, and may have evolved from multiple genotypes in wild birds and ducks in Mongolia, China, and Japan.</p></div></front><back><div1 type="bibliography"><listBibl><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Alexander, D J" uniqKey="Alexander D">D.J. Alexander</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Senne, D" uniqKey="Senne D">D. Senne</name></author><author><name sortKey="Panigrahy, B" uniqKey="Panigrahy B">B. Panigrahy</name></author><author><name sortKey="Kawaoka, Y" uniqKey="Kawaoka Y">Y. Kawaoka</name></author><author><name sortKey="Pearson, J" uniqKey="Pearson J">J. Pearson</name></author><author><name sortKey="Suss, J" uniqKey="Suss J">J. 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<front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Viruses</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="iso-abbrev">Viruses</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">viruses</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title>Viruses</journal-title></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="epub">1999-4915</issn><publisher><publisher-name>MDPI</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="pmid">31717636</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="pmc">6893532</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.3390/v11111046</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">viruses-11-01046</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Molecular Characterization of a Novel Avian Influenza A (H2N9) Strain Isolated from Wild Duck in Korea in 2018</article-title></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Yeo</surname><given-names>Seon-Ju</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="af1-viruses-11-01046">1</xref><xref ref-type="author-notes" rid="fn1-viruses-11-01046">†</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Than</surname><given-names>Duc-Duong</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="af1-viruses-11-01046">1</xref><xref ref-type="author-notes" rid="fn1-viruses-11-01046">†</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Park</surname><given-names>Hong-Seog</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="af2-viruses-11-01046">2</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Sung</surname><given-names>Haan Woo</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="af3-viruses-11-01046">3</xref><xref rid="c1-viruses-11-01046" ref-type="corresp">*</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Park</surname><given-names>Hyun</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="af1-viruses-11-01046">1</xref><xref rid="c1-viruses-11-01046" ref-type="corresp">*</xref></contrib></contrib-group><aff id="af1-viruses-11-01046"><label>1</label>Zoonosis Research Center, Department of Infection Biology, School of Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan 54538, Korea;<email>yeosj@wku.ac.kr</email> (S.-J.Y.);<email>ducduong27189@gmail.com</email> (D.-D.T.)</aff><aff id="af2-viruses-11-01046"><label>2</label>GnCBio Inc, 4F, Yegan Plaza, 36, Banseok-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34069, Korea;<email>5022daniel@naver.com</email></aff><aff id="af3-viruses-11-01046"><label>3</label>College of Veterinary Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea</aff><author-notes><corresp id="c1-viruses-11-01046"><label>*</label>Correspondence: <email>sunghw@kangwon.ac.kr</email> (H.W.S.); <email>hyunpk@wku.ac.kr</email> (H.P.)</corresp><fn id="fn1-viruses-11-01046"><label>†</label><p>These authors contributed equally to this work.</p></fn></author-notes><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>10</day><month>11</month><year>2019</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="collection"><month>11</month><year>2019</year></pub-date><volume>11</volume><issue>11</issue><elocation-id>1046</elocation-id><history><date date-type="received"><day>25</day><month>10</month><year>2019</year></date><date date-type="accepted"><day>06</day><month>11</month><year>2019</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement>© 2019 by the authors.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2019</copyright-year><license license-type="open-access"><license-p>Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/</ext-link>).</license-p></license></permissions><abstract><p>A novel avian influenza virus (A/wild duck/Korea/K102/2018) (H2N9) was isolated from wild birds in South Korea in 2018, and phylogenetic and molecular analyses were conducted on complete gene sequences obtained by next-generation sequencing. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that the hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA) genes of the A/wild duck/Korea/K102/2018 (H2N9) virus belonged to the Eurasian countries, whereas other internal genes (polymerase basic protein 1 (PB1), PB2, nucleoprotein (NP), polymerase acidic protein (PA), matrix protein (M), and non-structural protein (NS)) belonged to the East Asian countries. A monobasic amino acid (PQIEPR/GLF) at the HA cleavage site, E627 in the PB2 gene, and no deletion of the stalk region in the NA gene indicated that the A/wild duck/Korea/K102/2018 (H2N9) isolate was a typical low pathogenicity avian influenza (LPAI). Nucleotide sequence similarity analysis of HA revealed that the highest homology (98.34%) is to that of A/duck/Mongolia/482/2015 (H2N3), and amino acid sequence of NA was closely related to that of A/duck/Bangladesh/8987/2010 (H10N9) (96.45%). In contrast, internal genes showed homology higher than 98% compared to those of other isolates derived from duck and wild birds of China or Japan in 2016–2018. The newly isolated A/wild duck/Korea/K102/2018 (H2N9) strain is the first reported avian influenza virus in Korea, and may have evolved from multiple genotypes in wild birds and ducks in Mongolia, China, and Japan.</p></abstract><kwd-group><kwd>novel avian influenza virus isolate</kwd><kwd>H2N9</kwd><kwd>Korea</kwd><kwd>wild duck</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><floats-group><fig id="viruses-11-01046-f001" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Figure 1</label><caption><p>Location of putative origins of genomic compositions of the A/wild duck/Korea/K102/2018 (H2N9). Dotted circles indicate the multiple converging flyways in which reassortments occur.</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="viruses-11-01046-g001"></graphic></fig><fig id="viruses-11-01046-f002" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Figure 2</label><caption><p>The geographical location of pre-existing subtypes (H7N3, H11N9, and H9N2) and novel isolate (A/wild duck/Korea/K102/2018 (H2N9)) in Korea.</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="viruses-11-01046-g002"></graphic></fig><table-wrap id="viruses-11-01046-t001" orientation="portrait" position="float"><object-id pub-id-type="pii">viruses-11-01046-t001_Table 1</object-id><label>Table 1</label><caption><p>Genomic sequence of A/wild duck/Korea/K102/2018 (H2N9) obtained by NGS.</p></caption><table frame="hsides" rules="groups"><thead><tr><th rowspan="2" align="center" valign="middle" style="border-top:solid thin;border-bottom:solid thin" colspan="1">Gene Name</th><th rowspan="2" align="center" valign="middle" style="border-top:solid thin;border-bottom:solid thin" colspan="1">ID</th><th rowspan="2" align="center" valign="middle" style="border-top:solid thin;border-bottom:solid thin" colspan="1"># of Mapped Reads</th><th colspan="3" align="center" valign="middle" style="border-top:solid thin;border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1">R_ORF <sup>a</sup></th><th colspan="3" align="center" valign="middle" style="border-top:solid thin;border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1">S_ORF <sup>b</sup></th></tr><tr><th align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Length (bp)</th><th align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">S_Position<sup>c</sup></th><th align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">E_Position<sup>d</sup></th><th align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Length (bp)</th><th align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">S_Position</th><th align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">E_Position</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">PB2</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF260787</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">17,148</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2280</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2280</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2274</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">19</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2292</td></tr><tr><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">PB1</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF260543</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">17,999</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2274</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2274</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2274</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2276</td></tr><tr><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">PA</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF260299</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">16,372</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2151</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2151</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2151</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2151</td></tr><tr><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">HA</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF258945</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">53,303</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1689</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1689</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1689</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1689</td></tr><tr><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">NP</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF259811</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">97,019</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1497</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1497</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1506</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1506</td></tr><tr><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">NA</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF259722</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">4713</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1413</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1413</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1395</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">5</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1399</td></tr><tr><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">M</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF259292</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">333,564</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">759</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">759</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">759</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">759</td></tr><tr><td align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">NS1</td><td align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">KF260055</td><td align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">35,329</td><td align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">693</td><td align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1</td><td align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">693</td><td align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">690</td><td align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2</td><td align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">691</td></tr></tbody></table><table-wrap-foot><fn><p><sup>a</sup> R_ORF, ORF of the reference sequence; <sup>b</sup> S_ORF, ORF of the sample sequence; <sup>c</sup> S_position, start position at ORF of consensus sequence; <sup>d</sup> E_position, end position at ORF of consensus sequence.</p></fn></table-wrap-foot></table-wrap><table-wrap id="viruses-11-01046-t002" orientation="portrait" position="float"><object-id pub-id-type="pii">viruses-11-01046-t002_Table 2</object-id><label>Table 2</label><caption><p>Sequence homology of the whole genome of the A/wild duck/Korea/K102/2018 (H2N9) avian influenza virus (AIV) compared to influenza sequences available in NCBI.</p></caption><table frame="hsides" rules="groups"><thead><tr><th align="center" valign="middle" style="border-top:solid thin;border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Gene</th><th align="center" valign="middle" style="border-top:solid thin;border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">A/Wild Duck/Korea/K102/2018 (H2N9)<break></break>(GenBank Accession #)</th><th align="center" valign="middle" style="border-top:solid thin;border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Highest Percentage of Nucleotide Identity (GenBank Accession #)</th><th align="center" valign="middle" style="border-top:solid thin;border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">% Nucleotide Identity <sup>a</sup></th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">PB2</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">MN511808</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">A/duck/Jiangsu/SE0261/2018 (H5N3) (MN171447.1)</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">98.90%</td></tr><tr><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">PB1</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">MN511809</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">A/Duck/Dongting/D76-1/2016 (H5N7) (MF362101.1)</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">98.46%</td></tr><tr><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">PA</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">MN511810</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">A/duck/Jiangsu/SE0261/2018 (H5N3) (MN171449.1)</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">99.49%</td></tr><tr><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">HA</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">MN511811</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">A/duck/Mongolia/482/2015 (H2N3) (LC121372.1)</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">98.34%</td></tr><tr><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">NP</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">MN511812</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">A/duck/Hokkaido/X9/2016 (H8N4) (MK978905.1)</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">99.39%</td></tr><tr><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">NA</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">MN511813</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">A/duck/Bangladesh/8987/2010 (H10N9) (MH071484.1)</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">96.45%</td></tr><tr><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">M</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">MN511814</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">A/duck/Chongqing/S4362/2017 (H5N3) (MN171429.1)</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">99.07%</td></tr><tr><td align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">NS</td><td align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">MN511815</td><td align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">A/wild bird/Jiangxi/P419/2016 (H6N8) (KX867861.1)</td><td align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">99.25%</td></tr></tbody></table><table-wrap-foot><fn><p><sup>a</sup> Representative viruses with the highest nucleotide sequence identity found in the NCBI database in August, 2019, are listed.</p></fn></table-wrap-foot></table-wrap><table-wrap id="viruses-11-01046-t003" orientation="portrait" position="float"><object-id pub-id-type="pii">viruses-11-01046-t003_Table 3</object-id><label>Table 3</label><caption><p>Comparison of amino acid sequence in HA receptor-binding sites of human and avian H2 influenza virus isolates.</p></caption><table frame="hsides" rules="groups"><thead><tr><th rowspan="2" align="center" valign="middle" style="border-top:solid thin;border-bottom:solid thin" colspan="1">Strains</th><th colspan="7" align="center" valign="middle" style="border-top:solid thin;border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1">HA Receptor-Binding Residues (H3 Numbering)</th></tr><tr><th align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">138</th><th align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">190</th><th align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">194</th><th align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">225</th><th align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">226</th><th align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">228</th><th align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Cleavage Site</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">K/2018 <sup>a</sup></td><td align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">A</td><td align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">E</td><td align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">L</td><td align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">G</td><td align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Q</td><td align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">G</td><td align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">PQIEP<underline>R</underline>↓GLF</td></tr><tr><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">H/MPL133 <sup>b</sup></td><td align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">A</td><td align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">E</td><td align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">L</td><td align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">G</td><td align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Q</td><td align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">G</td><td align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">PQIES<underline>R</underline>↓GLF</td></tr><tr><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">H/MPL961 <sup>c</sup></td><td align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">A</td><td align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">E</td><td align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">L</td><td align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">G</td><td align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Q</td><td align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">G</td><td align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">PQIES<underline>R</underline>↓GLF</td></tr><tr><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">H/MPL696 <sup>d</sup></td><td align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">A</td><td align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">E</td><td align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">L</td><td align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">G</td><td align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Q</td><td align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">G</td><td align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">PQIES<underline>R</underline>↓GLF</td></tr><tr><td align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">K/426 <sup>e</sup></td><td align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">A</td><td align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">E</td><td align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">L</td><td align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">G</td><td align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">L</td><td align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">R</td><td align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">PQIES<underline>R</underline>↓GLF</td></tr></tbody></table><table-wrap-foot><fn><p><sup>a</sup> K/2018, A/wild duck/Korea/K102/2018 (H2N9); <sup>b</sup> H/MPL133, A/northern shoveler/Hong Kong/MPL133/2010 (H2N9); <sup>c</sup> H/MPL961, A/northern shoveler/Hong Kong/MPL961/2011(H2N9); <sup>d</sup> H/MPL696, A/wild waterfowl/Hong Kong/MPL696/2011(H2N9); <sup>e</sup> K/426, A/Korea/426/1968(H2N2).</p></fn></table-wrap-foot></table-wrap><table-wrap id="viruses-11-01046-t004" orientation="portrait" position="float"><object-id pub-id-type="pii">viruses-11-01046-t004_Table 4</object-id><label>Table 4</label><caption><p>Genetic analysis of the NA and internal gene of H2N9.</p></caption><table frame="hsides" rules="groups"><thead><tr><th rowspan="2" align="center" valign="middle" style="border-top:solid thin;border-bottom:solid thin" colspan="1">Virus Strain</th><th colspan="2" align="center" valign="middle" style="border-top:solid thin;border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1">NA</th><th align="center" valign="middle" style="border-top:solid thin;border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">PB2</th><th align="center" valign="middle" style="border-top:solid thin;border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">NS1</th></tr><tr><th align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Truncation at 69–73 aa</th><th align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">R294K</th><th align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">E627K</th><th align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">P42S</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>K/2018 <sup>a</sup></bold></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">QISNT</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">R</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">E</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">No deletion</td></tr><tr><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>S/2013 <sup>b</sup></bold></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Deletion</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">K</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">K</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Deletion</td></tr><tr><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>A/2013 <sup>c</sup></bold></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Deletion</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">R</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">K</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Deletion</td></tr><tr><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>H/MPL13 <sup>d</sup></bold></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">QISNT</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">R</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">E</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Deletion</td></tr><tr><td align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>H/MPL961 <sup>e</sup></bold></td><td align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">QISNT</td><td align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">R</td><td align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">E</td><td align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">No deletion</td></tr><tr><td align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Comments</td><td align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Deletion of amino acids 69–73: Increased virulence in mice [<xref rid="B33-viruses-11-01046" ref-type="bibr">33</xref>]</td><td align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Reduced susceptibility to oseltamivir and zanamivir [<xref rid="B36-viruses-11-01046" ref-type="bibr">36</xref>]</td><td align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Mammalian host adaptation [<xref rid="B37-viruses-11-01046" ref-type="bibr">37</xref>]</td><td align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Lack of PDZ domain binding motif: Decreased virulence in mice [<xref rid="B38-viruses-11-01046" ref-type="bibr">38</xref>]</td></tr></tbody></table><table-wrap-foot><fn><p><sup>a</sup> K/2018, A/wild duck/Korea/K102/2018 (H2N9); <sup>b</sup> S/2013, A/Shanghai/1/2013 (H7N9-human isolate); <sup>c</sup> A/2013, A/Anhui/1/2013 (H7N9-human isolate); <sup>d</sup> H/MPL133, A/northern shoveler/Hong Kong/MPL133/2010 (H2N9); <sup>e</sup> H/MPL961, A/northern shoveler/Hong Kong/MPL961/2011(H2N9).</p></fn></table-wrap-foot></table-wrap></floats-group></pmc><affiliations><list><country><li>Corée du Sud</li></country></list><tree><noCountry><name sortKey="Park, Hong Seog" sort="Park, Hong Seog" uniqKey="Park H" first="Hong-Seog" last="Park">Hong-Seog Park</name><name sortKey="Park, Hyun" sort="Park, Hyun" uniqKey="Park H" first="Hyun" last="Park">Hyun Park</name><name sortKey="Than, Duc Duong" sort="Than, Duc Duong" uniqKey="Than D" first="Duc-Duong" last="Than">Duc-Duong Than</name><name sortKey="Yeo, Seon Ju" sort="Yeo, Seon Ju" uniqKey="Yeo S" first="Seon-Ju" last="Yeo">Seon-Ju Yeo</name></noCountry><country name="Corée du Sud"><noRegion><name sortKey="Sung, Haan Woo" sort="Sung, Haan Woo" uniqKey="Sung H" first="Haan Woo" last="Sung">Haan Woo Sung</name></noRegion></country></tree></affiliations></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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