IL-15 enhances cross-reactive antibody recall responses to seasonal H3 influenza viruses in vitro
Identifieur interne : 000E56 ( Ncbi/Merge ); précédent : 000E55; suivant : 000E57IL-15 enhances cross-reactive antibody recall responses to seasonal H3 influenza viruses in vitro
Auteurs : Junqiong Huang [République populaire de Chine] ; Shannon P. Hilchey [États-Unis] ; Jiong Wang [États-Unis] ; Jessica Gerigan [États-Unis] ; Martin S. Zand [États-Unis]Source :
- F1000Research [ 2046-1402 ] ; 2017.
Abstract
Url:
DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.12999.1
PubMed: 29479423
PubMed Central: 5801566
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<record><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">IL-15 enhances cross-reactive antibody recall responses to seasonal H3 influenza viruses
<italic>in vitro</italic></title><author><name sortKey="Huang, Junqiong" sort="Huang, Junqiong" uniqKey="Huang J" first="Junqiong" last="Huang">Junqiong Huang</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="a1">School of Laboratory Medicine, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi Guizhou, 563099, China</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>School of Laboratory Medicine, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi Guizhou, 563099</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>563099</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hilchey, Shannon P" sort="Hilchey, Shannon P" uniqKey="Hilchey S" first="Shannon P." last="Hilchey">Shannon P. Hilchey</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="a2">Division of Nephrology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester , NY, 14642, USA</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Division of Nephrology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester , NY, 14642</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>14642</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wang, Jiong" sort="Wang, Jiong" uniqKey="Wang J" first="Jiong" last="Wang">Jiong Wang</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="a2">Division of Nephrology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester , NY, 14642, USA</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Division of Nephrology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester , NY, 14642</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>14642</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gerigan, Jessica" sort="Gerigan, Jessica" uniqKey="Gerigan J" first="Jessica" last="Gerigan">Jessica Gerigan</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="a2">Division of Nephrology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester , NY, 14642, USA</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Division of Nephrology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester , NY, 14642</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>14642</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Zand, Martin S" sort="Zand, Martin S" uniqKey="Zand M" first="Martin S." last="Zand">Martin S. Zand</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="a2">Division of Nephrology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester , NY, 14642, USA</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Division of Nephrology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester , NY, 14642</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>14642</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PMC</idno><idno type="pmid">29479423</idno><idno type="pmc">5801566</idno><idno type="url">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5801566</idno><idno type="RBID">PMC:5801566</idno><idno type="doi">10.12688/f1000research.12999.1</idno><date when="2017">2017</date><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Corpus">000962</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PMC">000962</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Curation">000962</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Curation">000962</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Checkpoint">000221</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Checkpoint">000221</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Ncbi/Merge">000E56</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">IL-15 enhances cross-reactive antibody recall responses to seasonal H3 influenza viruses
<italic>in vitro</italic></title><author><name sortKey="Huang, Junqiong" sort="Huang, Junqiong" uniqKey="Huang J" first="Junqiong" last="Huang">Junqiong Huang</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="a1">School of Laboratory Medicine, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi Guizhou, 563099, China</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>School of Laboratory Medicine, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi Guizhou, 563099</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>563099</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hilchey, Shannon P" sort="Hilchey, Shannon P" uniqKey="Hilchey S" first="Shannon P." last="Hilchey">Shannon P. Hilchey</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="a2">Division of Nephrology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester , NY, 14642, USA</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Division of Nephrology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester , NY, 14642</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>14642</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wang, Jiong" sort="Wang, Jiong" uniqKey="Wang J" first="Jiong" last="Wang">Jiong Wang</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="a2">Division of Nephrology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester , NY, 14642, USA</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Division of Nephrology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester , NY, 14642</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>14642</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gerigan, Jessica" sort="Gerigan, Jessica" uniqKey="Gerigan J" first="Jessica" last="Gerigan">Jessica Gerigan</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="a2">Division of Nephrology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester , NY, 14642, USA</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Division of Nephrology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester , NY, 14642</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>14642</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Zand, Martin S" sort="Zand, Martin S" uniqKey="Zand M" first="Martin S." last="Zand">Martin S. Zand</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="a2">Division of Nephrology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester , NY, 14642, USA</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Division of Nephrology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester , NY, 14642</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>14642</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">F1000Research</title><idno type="eISSN">2046-1402</idno><imprint><date when="2017">2017</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p><bold>Background: </bold>Recently, several human monoclonal antibodies that target conserved epitopes on the stalk region of influenza hemagglutinin (HA) have shown broad reactivity to influenza A subtypes. Also, vaccination with recombinant chimeric HA or stem fragments from H3 influenza viruses induce broad immune protection in mice and humans. However, it is unclear whether stalk-binding antibodies can be induced in human memory B cells by seasonal H3N2 viruses.</p><p><bold>Methods:</bold> In this study, we recruited 13 donors previously exposed to H3 viruses, the majority (12 of 13) of which had been immunized with seasonal influenza vaccines. We evaluated plasma baseline strain-specific and stalk-reactive anti-HA antibodies and B cell recall responses to inactivated H3N2 A/Victoria/361/2011 virus
<italic>in vitro</italic> using a high throughput multiplex (mPlex-Flu) assay.</p><p><bold>Results: </bold>Stalk-reactive IgG was detected in the plasma of 7 of the subjects. Inactivated H3 viral particles rapidly induced clade cross-reactive antibodies in B cell cultures derived from all 13 donors. In addition, H3 stalk-reactive antibodies were detected in culture supernatants from 7 of the 13 donors (53.8%). H3 stalk-reactive antibodies were also induced by H1 and H7 subtypes. Interestingly, broadly cross-reactive antibody recall responses to H3 strains were also enhanced by stimulating B cells
<italic> in vitro </italic>with CpG
<sub>2006 </sub>ODN in the presence of IL-15. H3 stalk-reactive antibodies were detected in CpG
<sub>2006</sub> ODN + IL-15 stimulated B cell cultures derived from 12 of the 13 donors (92.3%), with high levels detected in cultures from 7 of the 13 donors.</p><p><bold>Conclusions:</bold> Our results demonstrate that stalk-reactive antibody recall responses induced by seasonal H3 viruses and CpG
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J" uniqKey="Miller J">J Miller</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Krause, Jc" uniqKey="Krause J">JC Krause</name></author><author><name sortKey="Tsibane, T" uniqKey="Tsibane T">T Tsibane</name></author><author><name sortKey="Tumpey, Tm" uniqKey="Tumpey T">TM Tumpey</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Ramirez, A" uniqKey="Ramirez A">A Ramirez</name></author><author><name sortKey="Co, M" uniqKey="Co M">M Co</name></author><author><name sortKey="Mathew, A" uniqKey="Mathew A">A Mathew</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Melchionda, F" uniqKey="Melchionda F">F Melchionda</name></author><author><name sortKey="Fry, Tj" uniqKey="Fry T">TJ Fry</name></author><author><name sortKey="Milliron, Mj" uniqKey="Milliron M">MJ Milliron</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Tan, Gs" uniqKey="Tan G">GS Tan</name></author><author><name sortKey="Lee, Ps" uniqKey="Lee P">PS Lee</name></author><author><name sortKey="Hoffman, Rm" uniqKey="Hoffman R">RM Hoffman</name></author></analytic></biblStruct></listBibl></div1></back></TEI><pmc article-type="research-article"><pmc-dir>properties open_access</pmc-dir>
<front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">F1000Res</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="iso-abbrev">F1000Res</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="pmc">F1000Research</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title>F1000Research</journal-title></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="epub">2046-1402</issn><publisher><publisher-name>F1000 Research Limited</publisher-name><publisher-loc>London, UK</publisher-loc></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="pmid">29479423</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="pmc">5801566</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.12688/f1000research.12999.1</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group><subject>Articles</subject><subj-group><subject>Immune Response</subject></subj-group><subj-group><subject>Virology</subject></subj-group></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>IL-15 enhances cross-reactive antibody recall responses to seasonal H3 influenza viruses
<italic>in vitro</italic></article-title><fn-group content-type="pub-status"><fn><p>[version 1; referees: 2 approved]</p></fn></fn-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Huang</surname><given-names>Junqiong</given-names></name><role content-type="http://credit.casrai.org/">Conceptualization</role><role content-type="http://credit.casrai.org/">Data Curation</role><role content-type="http://credit.casrai.org/">Formal Analysis</role><role content-type="http://credit.casrai.org/">Funding Acquisition</role><role content-type="http://credit.casrai.org/">Investigation</role><role content-type="http://credit.casrai.org/">Methodology</role><role content-type="http://credit.casrai.org/">Validation</role><role content-type="http://credit.casrai.org/">Visualization</role><role content-type="http://credit.casrai.org/">Writing – Original Draft Preparation</role><role content-type="http://credit.casrai.org/">Writing – Review & Editing</role><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6526-4179</contrib-id><xref ref-type="aff" rid="a1">1</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Hilchey</surname><given-names>Shannon P.</given-names></name><role content-type="http://credit.casrai.org/">Conceptualization</role><role content-type="http://credit.casrai.org/">Investigation</role><role content-type="http://credit.casrai.org/">Methodology</role><role content-type="http://credit.casrai.org/">Supervision</role><role content-type="http://credit.casrai.org/">Writing – Review & Editing</role><xref ref-type="aff" rid="a2">2</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Wang</surname><given-names>Jiong</given-names></name><role content-type="http://credit.casrai.org/">Conceptualization</role><role content-type="http://credit.casrai.org/">Formal Analysis</role><role content-type="http://credit.casrai.org/">Investigation</role><role content-type="http://credit.casrai.org/">Methodology</role><role content-type="http://credit.casrai.org/">Supervision</role><role content-type="http://credit.casrai.org/">Visualization</role><role content-type="http://credit.casrai.org/">Writing – Review & Editing</role><xref ref-type="aff" rid="a2">2</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Gerigan</surname><given-names>Jessica</given-names></name><role content-type="http://credit.casrai.org/">Investigation</role><role content-type="http://credit.casrai.org/">Validation</role><role content-type="http://credit.casrai.org/">Visualization</role><xref ref-type="aff" rid="a2">2</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Zand</surname><given-names>Martin S.</given-names></name><role content-type="http://credit.casrai.org/">Conceptualization</role><role content-type="http://credit.casrai.org/">Formal Analysis</role><role content-type="http://credit.casrai.org/">Funding Acquisition</role><role content-type="http://credit.casrai.org/">Resources</role><role content-type="http://credit.casrai.org/">Supervision</role><role content-type="http://credit.casrai.org/">Writing – Original Draft Preparation</role><role content-type="http://credit.casrai.org/">Writing – Review & Editing</role><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7095-8682</contrib-id><xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c1">a</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="a2">2</xref></contrib><aff id="a1"><label>1</label>School of Laboratory Medicine, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi Guizhou, 563099, China</aff><aff id="a2"><label>2</label>Division of Nephrology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester , NY, 14642, USA</aff></contrib-group><author-notes><corresp id="c1"><label>a</label><email xlink:href="mailto:martin_zand@urmc.rochester.edu">martin_zand@urmc.rochester.edu</email></corresp><fn fn-type="COI-statement"><p>No competing interests were disclosed.</p></fn></author-notes><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>15</day><month>11</month><year>2017</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2017</year></pub-date><volume>6</volume><elocation-id>2015</elocation-id><history><date date-type="accepted"><day>7</day><month>11</month><year>2017</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright: © 2017 Huang J et al.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2017</copyright-year><license xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"><license-p>This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Licence, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri content-type="pdf" xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="f1000research-6-14095.pdf"></self-uri><abstract><p><bold>Background: </bold>Recently, several human monoclonal antibodies that target conserved epitopes on the stalk region of influenza hemagglutinin (HA) have shown broad reactivity to influenza A subtypes. Also, vaccination with recombinant chimeric HA or stem fragments from H3 influenza viruses induce broad immune protection in mice and humans. However, it is unclear whether stalk-binding antibodies can be induced in human memory B cells by seasonal H3N2 viruses.</p><p><bold>Methods:</bold> In this study, we recruited 13 donors previously exposed to H3 viruses, the majority (12 of 13) of which had been immunized with seasonal influenza vaccines. We evaluated plasma baseline strain-specific and stalk-reactive anti-HA antibodies and B cell recall responses to inactivated H3N2 A/Victoria/361/2011 virus
<italic>in vitro</italic> using a high throughput multiplex (mPlex-Flu) assay.</p><p><bold>Results: </bold>Stalk-reactive IgG was detected in the plasma of 7 of the subjects. Inactivated H3 viral particles rapidly induced clade cross-reactive antibodies in B cell cultures derived from all 13 donors. In addition, H3 stalk-reactive antibodies were detected in culture supernatants from 7 of the 13 donors (53.8%). H3 stalk-reactive antibodies were also induced by H1 and H7 subtypes. Interestingly, broadly cross-reactive antibody recall responses to H3 strains were also enhanced by stimulating B cells
<italic> in vitro </italic>with CpG
<sub>2006 </sub>ODN in the presence of IL-15. H3 stalk-reactive antibodies were detected in CpG
<sub>2006</sub> ODN + IL-15 stimulated B cell cultures derived from 12 of the 13 donors (92.3%), with high levels detected in cultures from 7 of the 13 donors.</p><p><bold>Conclusions:</bold> Our results demonstrate that stalk-reactive antibody recall responses induced by seasonal H3 viruses and CpG
<sub>2006</sub> ODN can be enhanced by IL-15.</p></abstract><kwd-group kwd-group-type="author"><kwd>Influenza immunity</kwd><kwd>B Cell</kwd><kwd>CpG ODN</kwd><kwd>IL-15</kwd><kwd>hemagglutinin stalk</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><award-group id="fund-1"><funding-source>Clinical and Translational Science Institute, Rochester Medical Center</funding-source><award-id>UL1TR00042</award-id></award-group><award-group id="fund-2"><funding-source>Zunyi Medical University</funding-source><award-id>201408525075</award-id></award-group><award-group id="fund-3" xlink:href="http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100004543"><funding-source>China Scholarship Council</funding-source><award-id>201408525075</award-id></award-group><award-group id="fund-4" xlink:href="http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100000060"><funding-source>National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases</funding-source><award-id>HHSN272201000055C</award-id><award-id>HHSN272201400008C</award-id><award-id>R01AI098112</award-id><award-id>R01AI069351</award-id><award-id>R01AI109946</award-id></award-group><funding-statement>This research was supported by the China Scholarship Council and the Zunyi Medical University Visiting Scholar Grant (201408525075; JH), the National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Allergy, Immunology and Infectious Diseases (grants HHSN272201000055C, HHSN272201400008C, AI098112, AI069351, AI109946; JW, SH, MSZ, JG), and the University of Rochester Medical Center, Clinical and Translational Science Institute (CTSI) (grant UL1TR00042; JW, MSZ).</funding-statement><funding-statement><italic>The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.</italic></funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><sub-article id="report29326" article-type="peer-review"><front-stub><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.5256/f1000research.14095.r29326</article-id><title-group><article-title>Referee response for version 1</article-title></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Varadarajan</surname><given-names>Raghavan</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="r29326a1">1</xref><role>Referee</role></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Sowmya</surname><given-names>Poorigali R.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="r29326a2">2</xref><role>Co-referee</role></contrib><aff id="r29326a1"><label>1</label>Molecular Biophysics Unit, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India</aff><aff id="r29326a2"><label>2</label>Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India</aff></contrib-group><author-notes><fn fn-type="COI-statement"><p><bold>Competing interests: </bold>No competing interests were disclosed.</p></fn></author-notes><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>2</day><month>2</month><year>2018</year></pub-date><related-article id="d35e4571" related-article-type="peer-reviewed-article" ext-link-type="doi" xlink:href="10.12688/f1000research.12999.1">Version 1</related-article><custom-meta-group><custom-meta><meta-name>recommendation</meta-name><meta-value>approve</meta-value></custom-meta></custom-meta-group></front-stub><body><p><bold>Reviewer comments:</bold></p><p> In the current study, authors examined the human memory B cell IgG recall responses to H3N2 influenza virus in the presence of CpG
<sub>2006</sub> ODN activation with IL-15 co-stimulation
<italic>in vitro</italic>. They demonstrated that stalk reactive IgG antibodies induced by B cell exposure to H3 viruses
<italic>in vitro</italic>, in the presence of CpG2006 ODN, are enhanced by IL-15 co-administration. In addition, IgG antibodies elicited by H3 viruses and/or IL-15 broadly bound to influenza HAs from both group 1 and group 2 influenza strains, which suggests potential use of CpG adjuvants and/or IL-15 agonists in influenza vaccination strategies. The use of IL-15 to enhance responses to immunization has been studied previously (see for example, PMID:24706798 which the authors could cite). However in that study, it was T-cell rather than antibody responses that were found to be protective. In this context, it would be important in a future study to examine whether the induced, cross-reactive antibodies show any protective activity in an appropriate assay. Overall, the manuscript is clearly written and interesting to read. However, the authors could consider the following additional points to improve clarity.
<list list-type="order"><list-item><p>Please include list of abbreviations used in the manuscript.</p></list-item><list-item><p>Page No. 4.</p><p> What are the concentration of whole HA or the head segments of influenza group 1, group 2, B strain and chimeric HA used for the mplex-Flu assay?</p><p> What is the concentration of PE conjugated goat anti-human IgG (mplex-Flu assay) used in the current study?</p></list-item><list-item><p>Page No. 5.</p><p> On what basis was the concentration of IL-15 (50 ng/mL) fixed for the study? Did the authors check effects of different concentrations? If yes, what was the effect?</p><p> (It is important to screen the IL-15 concentration because, in a previous NHP study antibody responses were sensitive to IL-15 dose with a slight increase at lower doses, but a decrease at higher doses (
<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0042682209004243#!">Yin</ext-link> et al., High dose of plasmid IL-15 inhibits immune responses in an influenza non-human primates immunogenicity model. Virology; 393(1), 2009, 49-55.).</p></list-item><list-item><p>In the result section, authors mention “As shown in Figure 1B, H3 stalk-reactive IgG was detected in plasma (dilution of 1:5,000) from 11 donors, with 4 to 11-fold lower than H3 strain-specific antibodies. For 4 of them, MFI values were greater than 3,000”. However, the maximum MFI values given in data set is 1250. Also there is no caption for Figure 1C.a</p></list-item><list-item><p>Page No. 9. H2N2 should be changed to H3N2.</p></list-item><list-item><p>Use A/Vic11 abbreviation consistently throughout the manuscript.</p></list-item><list-item><p>References should be uniform.</p></list-item></list></p><p>We have read this submission. We believe that we have an appropriate level of expertise to confirm that it is of an acceptable scientific standard.</p></body></sub-article><sub-article id="report28740" article-type="peer-review"><front-stub><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.5256/f1000research.14095.r28740</article-id><title-group><article-title>Referee response for version 1</article-title></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Zhang</surname><given-names>Qibo</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="r28740a1">1</xref><role>Referee</role></contrib><aff id="r28740a1"><label>1</label>Department of Clinical Infection, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK</aff></contrib-group><author-notes><fn fn-type="COI-statement"><p><bold>Competing interests: </bold>No competing interests were disclosed.</p></fn></author-notes><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>8</day><month>1</month><year>2018</year></pub-date><related-article id="d35e4668" related-article-type="peer-reviewed-article" ext-link-type="doi" xlink:href="10.12688/f1000research.12999.1">Version 1</related-article><custom-meta-group><custom-meta><meta-name>recommendation</meta-name><meta-value>approve</meta-value></custom-meta></custom-meta-group></front-stub><body><p>The authors studied anti-influenza HA IgG antibody levels using a multiplex assay in adults who exposed to H3 viruses previously and/or received influenza vaccination and demonstrated that stalk-reactive antibody recall responses induced by seasonal H3 viruses and CpG ODN can be enhanced by IL-15. The manuscript is generally well written and clearly presented. It may be helpful that authors could add a bit more discussion as to how IL-15 with/without CpG activate the B cell recall response leading to the anti-stalk antibody production.</p><p> Minor point: page 9, top right</p><p> "B cells from ?? were stimulated with HA proteins from A/SH13"</p><p>I have read this submission. I believe that I have an appropriate level of expertise to confirm that it is of an acceptable scientific standard.</p></body></sub-article></pmc><affiliations><list><country><li>République populaire de Chine</li><li>États-Unis</li></country></list><tree><country name="République populaire de Chine"><noRegion><name sortKey="Huang, Junqiong" sort="Huang, Junqiong" uniqKey="Huang J" first="Junqiong" last="Huang">Junqiong Huang</name></noRegion></country><country name="États-Unis"><noRegion><name sortKey="Hilchey, Shannon P" sort="Hilchey, Shannon P" uniqKey="Hilchey S" first="Shannon P." last="Hilchey">Shannon P. Hilchey</name></noRegion><name sortKey="Gerigan, Jessica" sort="Gerigan, Jessica" uniqKey="Gerigan J" first="Jessica" last="Gerigan">Jessica Gerigan</name><name sortKey="Wang, Jiong" sort="Wang, Jiong" uniqKey="Wang J" first="Jiong" last="Wang">Jiong Wang</name><name sortKey="Zand, Martin S" sort="Zand, Martin S" uniqKey="Zand M" first="Martin S." last="Zand">Martin S. Zand</name></country></tree></affiliations></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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