H2N2V1, Ncbi, Merge, bibRecord, 000B06

Poly I:C adjuvanted inactivated swine influenza vaccine induces heterologous protective immunity in pigs.

Identifieur interne : 000B06 ( Ncbi/Merge ); précédent : 000B05; suivant : 000B07

Poly I:C adjuvanted inactivated swine influenza vaccine induces heterologous protective immunity in pigs.

Auteurs : Milton Thomas [États-Unis] ; Zhao Wang [États-Unis] ; Chithra C. Sreenivasan [États-Unis] ; Ben M. Hause [États-Unis] ; Gourapura J Renukaradhya [États-Unis] ; Feng Li [États-Unis] ; David H. Francis [États-Unis] ; Radhey S. Kaushik [États-Unis] ; Mahesh Khatri [États-Unis]

Source :

Vaccine [ 1873-2518 ] ; 2015.

RBID : pubmed:25437101

Descripteurs français

KwdFr :
- Adjuvants immunologiques (administration et posologie), Administration par voie nasale, Amérique du Nord, Animaux, Anticorps antiviraux (analyse), Anticorps antiviraux (sang), Appareil respiratoire (immunologie), Charge virale, Europe, Excrétion virale, Immunoglobuline A (analyse), Immunoglobuline G (analyse), Infections à Orthomyxoviridae (), Liquides biologiques (immunologie), Maladies des porcs (), Poly I-C (administration et posologie), Poumon (anatomopathologie), Poumon (virologie), Sous-type H1N1 du virus de la grippe A (immunologie), Sous-type H2N2 du virus de la grippe A (immunologie), Suidae, Vaccination (), Vaccins antigrippaux (administration et posologie), Vaccins antigrippaux (immunologie), Vaccins inactivés (administration et posologie), Vaccins inactivés (immunologie).
MESH :
- administration et posologie : Adjuvants immunologiques, Poly I-C, Vaccins antigrippaux, Vaccins inactivés.
- analyse : Anticorps antiviraux, Immunoglobuline A, Immunoglobuline G.
- anatomopathologie : Poumon.
- immunologie : Appareil respiratoire, Liquides biologiques, Sous-type H1N1 du virus de la grippe A, Sous-type H2N2 du virus de la grippe A, Vaccins antigrippaux, Vaccins inactivés.
- sang : Anticorps antiviraux.
- virologie : Poumon.
- Administration par voie nasale, Amérique du Nord, Animaux, Charge virale, Europe, Excrétion virale, Infections à Orthomyxoviridae, Maladies des porcs, Suidae, Vaccination.

English descriptors

KwdEn :
- Adjuvants, Immunologic (administration & dosage), Administration, Intranasal, Animals, Antibodies, Viral (analysis), Antibodies, Viral (blood), Body Fluids (immunology), Europe, Immunoglobulin A (analysis), Immunoglobulin G (analysis), Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype (immunology), Influenza A Virus, H2N2 Subtype (immunology), Influenza Vaccines (administration & dosage), Influenza Vaccines (immunology), Lung (pathology), Lung (virology), North America, Orthomyxoviridae Infections (prevention & control), Poly I-C (administration & dosage), Respiratory System (immunology), Swine, Swine Diseases (prevention & control), Vaccination (methods), Vaccines, Inactivated (administration & dosage), Vaccines, Inactivated (immunology), Viral Load, Virus Shedding.
MESH :
- chemical , administration & dosage : Adjuvants, Immunologic, Influenza Vaccines, Poly I-C, Vaccines, Inactivated.
- chemical , analysis : Antibodies, Viral, Immunoglobulin A, Immunoglobulin G.
- chemical , blood : Antibodies, Viral.
- immunology : Body Fluids, Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype, Influenza A Virus, H2N2 Subtype, Influenza Vaccines, Respiratory System, Vaccines, Inactivated.
- methods : Vaccination.
- pathology : Lung.
- prevention & control : Orthomyxoviridae Infections, Swine Diseases.
- virology : Lung.
- Administration, Intranasal, Animals, Europe, North America, Swine, Viral Load, Virus Shedding.

Abstract

Swine influenza is widely prevalent in swine herds in North America and Europe causing enormous economic losses and a public health threat. Pigs can be infected by both avian and mammalian influenza viruses and are sources of generation of reassortant influenza viruses capable of causing pandemics in humans. Current commercial vaccines provide satisfactory immunity against homologous viruses; however, protection against heterologous viruses is not adequate. In this study, we evaluated the protective efficacy of an intranasal Poly I:C adjuvanted UV inactivated bivalent swine influenza vaccine consisting of Swine/OH/24366/07 H1N1 and Swine/CO/99 H3N2, referred as PAV, in maternal antibody positive pigs against an antigenic variant and a heterologous swine influenza virus challenge. Groups of three-week-old commercial-grade pigs were immunized intranasally with PAV or a commercial vaccine (CV) twice at 2 weeks intervals. Three weeks after the second immunization, pigs were challenged with the antigenic variant Swine/MN/08 H1N1 (MN08) and the heterologous Swine/NC/10 H1N2 (NC10) influenza virus. Antibodies in serum and respiratory tract, lung lesions, virus shedding in nasal secretions and virus load in lungs were assessed. Intranasal administration of PAV induced challenge viruses specific-hemagglutination inhibition- and IgG antibodies in the serum and IgA and IgG antibodies in the respiratory tract. Importantly, intranasal administration of PAV provided protection against the antigenic variant MN08 and the heterologous NC10 swine influenza viruses as evidenced by significant reductions in lung virus load, gross lung lesions and significantly reduced shedding of challenge viruses in nasal secretions. These results indicate that Poly I:C or its homologues may be effective as vaccine adjuvants capable of generating cross-protective immunity against antigenic variants/heterologous swine influenza viruses in pigs.

DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2014.11.034
PubMed: 25437101

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Le document en format XML

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<term>Administration, Intranasal</term>
<term>Animals</term>
<term>Antibodies, Viral (analysis)</term>
<term>Antibodies, Viral (blood)</term>
<term>Body Fluids (immunology)</term>
<term>Europe</term>
<term>Immunoglobulin A (analysis)</term>
<term>Immunoglobulin G (analysis)</term>
<term>Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype (immunology)</term>
<term>Influenza A Virus, H2N2 Subtype (immunology)</term>
<term>Influenza Vaccines (administration & dosage)</term>
<term>Influenza Vaccines (immunology)</term>
<term>Lung (pathology)</term>
<term>Lung (virology)</term>
<term>North America</term>
<term>Orthomyxoviridae Infections (prevention & control)</term>
<term>Poly I-C (administration & dosage)</term>
<term>Respiratory System (immunology)</term>
<term>Swine</term>
<term>Swine Diseases (prevention & control)</term>
<term>Vaccination (methods)</term>
<term>Vaccines, Inactivated (administration & dosage)</term>
<term>Vaccines, Inactivated (immunology)</term>
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<term>Virus Shedding</term>
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<term>Administration par voie nasale</term>
<term>Amérique du Nord</term>
<term>Animaux</term>
<term>Anticorps antiviraux (analyse)</term>
<term>Anticorps antiviraux (sang)</term>
<term>Appareil respiratoire (immunologie)</term>
<term>Charge virale</term>
<term>Europe</term>
<term>Excrétion virale</term>
<term>Immunoglobuline A (analyse)</term>
<term>Immunoglobuline G (analyse)</term>
<term>Infections à Orthomyxoviridae ()</term>
<term>Liquides biologiques (immunologie)</term>
<term>Maladies des porcs ()</term>
<term>Poly I-C (administration et posologie)</term>
<term>Poumon (anatomopathologie)</term>
<term>Poumon (virologie)</term>
<term>Sous-type H1N1 du virus de la grippe A (immunologie)</term>
<term>Sous-type H2N2 du virus de la grippe A (immunologie)</term>
<term>Suidae</term>
<term>Vaccination ()</term>
<term>Vaccins antigrippaux (administration et posologie)</term>
<term>Vaccins antigrippaux (immunologie)</term>
<term>Vaccins inactivés (administration et posologie)</term>
<term>Vaccins inactivés (immunologie)</term>
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<keywords scheme="MESH" type="chemical" qualifier="administration & dosage" xml:lang="en"><term>Adjuvants, Immunologic</term>
<term>Influenza Vaccines</term>
<term>Poly I-C</term>
<term>Vaccines, Inactivated</term>
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<term>Immunoglobulin G</term>
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<term>Vaccins antigrippaux</term>
<term>Vaccins inactivés</term>
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<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="analyse" xml:lang="fr"><term>Anticorps antiviraux</term>
<term>Immunoglobuline A</term>
<term>Immunoglobuline G</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="anatomopathologie" xml:lang="fr"><term>Poumon</term>
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<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="immunologie" xml:lang="fr"><term>Appareil respiratoire</term>
<term>Liquides biologiques</term>
<term>Sous-type H1N1 du virus de la grippe A</term>
<term>Sous-type H2N2 du virus de la grippe A</term>
<term>Vaccins antigrippaux</term>
<term>Vaccins inactivés</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="immunology" xml:lang="en"><term>Body Fluids</term>
<term>Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype</term>
<term>Influenza A Virus, H2N2 Subtype</term>
<term>Influenza Vaccines</term>
<term>Respiratory System</term>
<term>Vaccines, Inactivated</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="methods" xml:lang="en"><term>Vaccination</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="pathology" xml:lang="en"><term>Lung</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="prevention & control" xml:lang="en"><term>Orthomyxoviridae Infections</term>
<term>Swine Diseases</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="sang" xml:lang="fr"><term>Anticorps antiviraux</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="virologie" xml:lang="fr"><term>Poumon</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="virology" xml:lang="en"><term>Lung</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="en"><term>Administration, Intranasal</term>
<term>Animals</term>
<term>Europe</term>
<term>North America</term>
<term>Swine</term>
<term>Viral Load</term>
<term>Virus Shedding</term>
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<term>Amérique du Nord</term>
<term>Animaux</term>
<term>Charge virale</term>
<term>Europe</term>
<term>Excrétion virale</term>
<term>Infections à Orthomyxoviridae</term>
<term>Maladies des porcs</term>
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<front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">Swine influenza is widely prevalent in swine herds in North America and Europe causing enormous economic losses and a public health threat. Pigs can be infected by both avian and mammalian influenza viruses and are sources of generation of reassortant influenza viruses capable of causing pandemics in humans. Current commercial vaccines provide satisfactory immunity against homologous viruses; however, protection against heterologous viruses is not adequate. In this study, we evaluated the protective efficacy of an intranasal Poly I:C adjuvanted UV inactivated bivalent swine influenza vaccine consisting of Swine/OH/24366/07 H1N1 and Swine/CO/99 H3N2, referred as PAV, in maternal antibody positive pigs against an antigenic variant and a heterologous swine influenza virus challenge. Groups of three-week-old commercial-grade pigs were immunized intranasally with PAV or a commercial vaccine (CV) twice at 2 weeks intervals. Three weeks after the second immunization, pigs were challenged with the antigenic variant Swine/MN/08 H1N1 (MN08) and the heterologous Swine/NC/10 H1N2 (NC10) influenza virus. Antibodies in serum and respiratory tract, lung lesions, virus shedding in nasal secretions and virus load in lungs were assessed. Intranasal administration of PAV induced challenge viruses specific-hemagglutination inhibition- and IgG antibodies in the serum and IgA and IgG antibodies in the respiratory tract. Importantly, intranasal administration of PAV provided protection against the antigenic variant MN08 and the heterologous NC10 swine influenza viruses as evidenced by significant reductions in lung virus load, gross lung lesions and significantly reduced shedding of challenge viruses in nasal secretions. These results indicate that Poly I:C or its homologues may be effective as vaccine adjuvants capable of generating cross-protective immunity against antigenic variants/heterologous swine influenza viruses in pigs. </div>
</front>
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<Title>Vaccine</Title>
<ISOAbbreviation>Vaccine</ISOAbbreviation>
</Journal>
<ArticleTitle>Poly I:C adjuvanted inactivated swine influenza vaccine induces heterologous protective immunity in pigs.</ArticleTitle>
<Pagination><MedlinePgn>542-8</MedlinePgn>
</Pagination>
<ELocationID EIdType="doi" ValidYN="Y">10.1016/j.vaccine.2014.11.034</ELocationID>
<ELocationID EIdType="pii" ValidYN="Y">S0264-410X(14)01573-4</ELocationID>
<Abstract><AbstractText>Swine influenza is widely prevalent in swine herds in North America and Europe causing enormous economic losses and a public health threat. Pigs can be infected by both avian and mammalian influenza viruses and are sources of generation of reassortant influenza viruses capable of causing pandemics in humans. Current commercial vaccines provide satisfactory immunity against homologous viruses; however, protection against heterologous viruses is not adequate. In this study, we evaluated the protective efficacy of an intranasal Poly I:C adjuvanted UV inactivated bivalent swine influenza vaccine consisting of Swine/OH/24366/07 H1N1 and Swine/CO/99 H3N2, referred as PAV, in maternal antibody positive pigs against an antigenic variant and a heterologous swine influenza virus challenge. Groups of three-week-old commercial-grade pigs were immunized intranasally with PAV or a commercial vaccine (CV) twice at 2 weeks intervals. Three weeks after the second immunization, pigs were challenged with the antigenic variant Swine/MN/08 H1N1 (MN08) and the heterologous Swine/NC/10 H1N2 (NC10) influenza virus. Antibodies in serum and respiratory tract, lung lesions, virus shedding in nasal secretions and virus load in lungs were assessed. Intranasal administration of PAV induced challenge viruses specific-hemagglutination inhibition- and IgG antibodies in the serum and IgA and IgG antibodies in the respiratory tract. Importantly, intranasal administration of PAV provided protection against the antigenic variant MN08 and the heterologous NC10 swine influenza viruses as evidenced by significant reductions in lung virus load, gross lung lesions and significantly reduced shedding of challenge viruses in nasal secretions. These results indicate that Poly I:C or its homologues may be effective as vaccine adjuvants capable of generating cross-protective immunity against antigenic variants/heterologous swine influenza viruses in pigs. </AbstractText>
<CopyrightInformation>Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.</CopyrightInformation>
</Abstract>
<AuthorList CompleteYN="Y"><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Thomas</LastName>
<ForeName>Milton</ForeName>
<Initials>M</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Biology and Microbiology, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD, USA.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Wang</LastName>
<ForeName>Zhao</ForeName>
<Initials>Z</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Biology and Microbiology, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD, USA.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Sreenivasan</LastName>
<ForeName>Chithra C</ForeName>
<Initials>CC</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Biology and Microbiology, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD, USA.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Hause</LastName>
<ForeName>Ben M</ForeName>
<Initials>BM</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Diagnostic Medicine and Pathobiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Gourapura J Renukaradhya</LastName>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Food Animal Health Research Program, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, The Ohio State University, 1680 Madison Avenue, Wooster, OH 44691, USA.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Li</LastName>
<ForeName>Feng</ForeName>
<Initials>F</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD, USA; Department of Biology and Microbiology, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD, USA.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Francis</LastName>
<ForeName>David H</ForeName>
<Initials>DH</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD, USA.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Kaushik</LastName>
<ForeName>Radhey S</ForeName>
<Initials>RS</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD, USA; Department of Biology and Microbiology, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD, USA.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Khatri</LastName>
<ForeName>Mahesh</ForeName>
<Initials>M</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Food Animal Health Research Program, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, The Ohio State University, 1680 Madison Avenue, Wooster, OH 44691, USA. Electronic address: khatri.14@osu.edu.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
</AuthorList>
<Language>eng</Language>
<GrantList CompleteYN="Y"><Grant><GrantID>R15 AI089690</GrantID>
<Acronym>AI</Acronym>
<Agency>NIAID NIH HHS</Agency>
<Country>United States</Country>
</Grant>
</GrantList>
<PublicationTypeList><PublicationType UI="D016428">Journal Article</PublicationType>
<PublicationType UI="D013485">Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't</PublicationType>
<PublicationType UI="D013486">Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.</PublicationType>
</PublicationTypeList>
<ArticleDate DateType="Electronic"><Year>2014</Year>
<Month>11</Month>
<Day>28</Day>
</ArticleDate>
</Article>
<MedlineJournalInfo><Country>Netherlands</Country>
<MedlineTA>Vaccine</MedlineTA>
<NlmUniqueID>8406899</NlmUniqueID>
<ISSNLinking>0264-410X</ISSNLinking>
</MedlineJournalInfo>
<ChemicalList><Chemical><RegistryNumber>0</RegistryNumber>
<NameOfSubstance UI="D000276">Adjuvants, Immunologic</NameOfSubstance>
</Chemical>
<Chemical><RegistryNumber>0</RegistryNumber>
<NameOfSubstance UI="D000914">Antibodies, Viral</NameOfSubstance>
</Chemical>
<Chemical><RegistryNumber>0</RegistryNumber>
<NameOfSubstance UI="D007070">Immunoglobulin A</NameOfSubstance>
</Chemical>
<Chemical><RegistryNumber>0</RegistryNumber>
<NameOfSubstance UI="D007074">Immunoglobulin G</NameOfSubstance>
</Chemical>
<Chemical><RegistryNumber>0</RegistryNumber>
<NameOfSubstance UI="D007252">Influenza Vaccines</NameOfSubstance>
</Chemical>
<Chemical><RegistryNumber>0</RegistryNumber>
<NameOfSubstance UI="D015164">Vaccines, Inactivated</NameOfSubstance>
</Chemical>
<Chemical><RegistryNumber>O84C90HH2L</RegistryNumber>
<NameOfSubstance UI="D011070">Poly I-C</NameOfSubstance>
</Chemical>
</ChemicalList>
<CitationSubset>IM</CitationSubset>
<MeshHeadingList><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D000276" MajorTopicYN="N">Adjuvants, Immunologic</DescriptorName>
<QualifierName UI="Q000008" MajorTopicYN="Y">administration & dosage</QualifierName>
</MeshHeading>
<MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D000281" MajorTopicYN="N">Administration, Intranasal</DescriptorName>
</MeshHeading>
<MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D000818" MajorTopicYN="N">Animals</DescriptorName>
</MeshHeading>
<MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D000914" MajorTopicYN="N">Antibodies, Viral</DescriptorName>
<QualifierName UI="Q000032" MajorTopicYN="N">analysis</QualifierName>
<QualifierName UI="Q000097" MajorTopicYN="N">blood</QualifierName>
</MeshHeading>
<MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D001826" MajorTopicYN="N">Body Fluids</DescriptorName>
<QualifierName UI="Q000276" MajorTopicYN="N">immunology</QualifierName>
</MeshHeading>
<MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D005060" MajorTopicYN="N">Europe</DescriptorName>
</MeshHeading>
<MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D007070" MajorTopicYN="N">Immunoglobulin A</DescriptorName>
<QualifierName UI="Q000032" MajorTopicYN="N">analysis</QualifierName>
</MeshHeading>
<MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D007074" MajorTopicYN="N">Immunoglobulin G</DescriptorName>
<QualifierName UI="Q000032" MajorTopicYN="N">analysis</QualifierName>
</MeshHeading>
<MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D053118" MajorTopicYN="N">Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype</DescriptorName>
<QualifierName UI="Q000276" MajorTopicYN="N">immunology</QualifierName>
</MeshHeading>
<MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D053121" MajorTopicYN="N">Influenza A Virus, H2N2 Subtype</DescriptorName>
<QualifierName UI="Q000276" MajorTopicYN="N">immunology</QualifierName>
</MeshHeading>
<MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D007252" MajorTopicYN="N">Influenza Vaccines</DescriptorName>
<QualifierName UI="Q000008" MajorTopicYN="Y">administration & dosage</QualifierName>
<QualifierName UI="Q000276" MajorTopicYN="Y">immunology</QualifierName>
</MeshHeading>
<MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D008168" MajorTopicYN="N">Lung</DescriptorName>
<QualifierName UI="Q000473" MajorTopicYN="N">pathology</QualifierName>
<QualifierName UI="Q000821" MajorTopicYN="N">virology</QualifierName>
</MeshHeading>
<MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D009656" MajorTopicYN="N">North America</DescriptorName>
</MeshHeading>
<MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D009976" MajorTopicYN="N">Orthomyxoviridae Infections</DescriptorName>
<QualifierName UI="Q000517" MajorTopicYN="Y">prevention & control</QualifierName>
</MeshHeading>
<MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D011070" MajorTopicYN="N">Poly I-C</DescriptorName>
<QualifierName UI="Q000008" MajorTopicYN="Y">administration & dosage</QualifierName>
</MeshHeading>
<MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D012137" MajorTopicYN="N">Respiratory System</DescriptorName>
<QualifierName UI="Q000276" MajorTopicYN="N">immunology</QualifierName>
</MeshHeading>
<MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D013552" MajorTopicYN="N">Swine</DescriptorName>
</MeshHeading>
<MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D013553" MajorTopicYN="N">Swine Diseases</DescriptorName>
<QualifierName UI="Q000517" MajorTopicYN="Y">prevention & control</QualifierName>
</MeshHeading>
<MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D014611" MajorTopicYN="N">Vaccination</DescriptorName>
<QualifierName UI="Q000379" MajorTopicYN="Y">methods</QualifierName>
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<QualifierName UI="Q000276" MajorTopicYN="N">immunology</QualifierName>
</MeshHeading>
<MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D019562" MajorTopicYN="N">Viral Load</DescriptorName>
</MeshHeading>
<MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D017201" MajorTopicYN="N">Virus Shedding</DescriptorName>
</MeshHeading>
</MeshHeadingList>
<KeywordList Owner="NOTNLM"><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">Inactivated swine influenza vaccines</Keyword>
<Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">Poly I:C</Keyword>
<Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">Swine influenza virus</Keyword>
<Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">Vaccine adjuvants</Keyword>
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<Month>11</Month>
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<Month>11</Month>
<Day>19</Day>
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<Day>2</Day>
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</PubMedPubDate>
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Poly I:C adjuvanted inactivated swine influenza vaccine induces heterologous protective immunity in pigs.

Poly I:C adjuvanted inactivated swine influenza vaccine induces heterologous protective immunity in pigs.

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