Reassortment Patterns in Swine Influenza Viruses
Identifieur interne : 000424 ( Ncbi/Merge ); précédent : 000423; suivant : 000425Reassortment Patterns in Swine Influenza Viruses
Auteurs : Hossein Khiabanian ; Vladimir Trifonov ; Raul RabadanSource :
- PLoS ONE [ 1932-6203 ] ; 2009.
Abstract
Three human influenza pandemics occurred in the twentieth century, in 1918, 1957, and 1968. Influenza pandemic strains are the results of emerging viruses from non-human reservoirs to which humans have little or no immunity. At least two of these pandemic strains, in 1957 and in 1968, were the results of reassortments between human and avian viruses. Also, many cases of swine influenza viruses have reportedly infected humans, in particular, the recent H1N1 influenza virus of swine origin, isolated in Mexico and the United States. Pigs are documented to allow productive replication of human, avian, and swine influenza viruses. Thus it has been conjectured that pigs are the “mixing vessel” that create the avian-human reassortant strains, causing the human pandemics. Hence, studying the process and patterns of viral reassortment, especially in pigs, is a key to better understanding of human influenza pandemics. In the last few years, databases containing sequences of influenza A viruses, including swine viruses, collected since 1918 from diverse geographical locations, have been developed and made publicly available. In this paper, we study an ensemble of swine influenza viruses to analyze the reassortment phenomena through several statistical techniques. The reassortment patterns in swine viruses prove to be similar to the previous results found in human viruses, both
Url:
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0007366
PubMed: 19809504
PubMed Central: 2752997
Links toward previous steps (curation, corpus...)
- to stream Pmc, to step Corpus: 000A93
- to stream Pmc, to step Curation: 000A93
- to stream Pmc, to step Checkpoint: 000A08
Links to Exploration step
PMC:2752997Le document en format XML
<record><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">Reassortment Patterns in Swine Influenza Viruses</title>
<author><name sortKey="Khiabanian, Hossein" sort="Khiabanian, Hossein" uniqKey="Khiabanian H" first="Hossein" last="Khiabanian">Hossein Khiabanian</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1"></nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Trifonov, Vladimir" sort="Trifonov, Vladimir" uniqKey="Trifonov V" first="Vladimir" last="Trifonov">Vladimir Trifonov</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1"></nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Rabadan, Raul" sort="Rabadan, Raul" uniqKey="Rabadan R" first="Raul" last="Rabadan">Raul Rabadan</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1"></nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
</titleStmt>
<publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PMC</idno>
<idno type="pmid">19809504</idno>
<idno type="pmc">2752997</idno>
<idno type="url">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2752997</idno>
<idno type="RBID">PMC:2752997</idno>
<idno type="doi">10.1371/journal.pone.0007366</idno>
<date when="2009">2009</date>
<idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Corpus">000A93</idno>
<idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PMC">000A93</idno>
<idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Curation">000A93</idno>
<idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Curation">000A93</idno>
<idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Checkpoint">000A08</idno>
<idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Checkpoint">000A08</idno>
<idno type="wicri:Area/Ncbi/Merge">000424</idno>
</publicationStmt>
<sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">Reassortment Patterns in Swine Influenza Viruses</title>
<author><name sortKey="Khiabanian, Hossein" sort="Khiabanian, Hossein" uniqKey="Khiabanian H" first="Hossein" last="Khiabanian">Hossein Khiabanian</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1"></nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Trifonov, Vladimir" sort="Trifonov, Vladimir" uniqKey="Trifonov V" first="Vladimir" last="Trifonov">Vladimir Trifonov</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1"></nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Rabadan, Raul" sort="Rabadan, Raul" uniqKey="Rabadan R" first="Raul" last="Rabadan">Raul Rabadan</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1"></nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
</analytic>
<series><title level="j">PLoS ONE</title>
<idno type="eISSN">1932-6203</idno>
<imprint><date when="2009">2009</date>
</imprint>
</series>
</biblStruct>
</sourceDesc>
</fileDesc>
<profileDesc><textClass></textClass>
</profileDesc>
</teiHeader>
<front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p>Three human influenza pandemics occurred in the twentieth century, in 1918, 1957, and 1968. Influenza pandemic strains are the results of emerging viruses from non-human reservoirs to which humans have little or no immunity. At least two of these pandemic strains, in 1957 and in 1968, were the results of reassortments between human and avian viruses. Also, many cases of swine influenza viruses have reportedly infected humans, in particular, the recent H1N1 influenza virus of swine origin, isolated in Mexico and the United States. Pigs are documented to allow productive replication of human, avian, and swine influenza viruses. Thus it has been conjectured that pigs are the “mixing vessel” that create the avian-human reassortant strains, causing the human pandemics. Hence, studying the process and patterns of viral reassortment, especially in pigs, is a key to better understanding of human influenza pandemics. In the last few years, databases containing sequences of influenza A viruses, including swine viruses, collected since 1918 from diverse geographical locations, have been developed and made publicly available. In this paper, we study an ensemble of swine influenza viruses to analyze the reassortment phenomena through several statistical techniques. The reassortment patterns in swine viruses prove to be similar to the previous results found in human viruses, both <italic>in vitro</italic>
and <italic>in vivo</italic>
, that the surface glycoprotein coding segments reassort most often. Moreover, we find that one of the polymerase segments (PB1), reassorted in the strains responsible for the last two human pandemics, also reassorts frequently.</p>
</div>
</front>
<back><div1 type="bibliography"><listBibl><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Taubenberger, Jk" uniqKey="Taubenberger J">JK Taubenberger</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Reid, Ah" uniqKey="Reid A">AH Reid</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Lourens, Rm" uniqKey="Lourens R">RM Lourens</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Wang, R" uniqKey="Wang R">R Wang</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Jin, G" uniqKey="Jin G">G Jin</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Rabadan, R" uniqKey="Rabadan R">R Rabadan</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Levine, Aj" uniqKey="Levine A">AJ Levine</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Robins, H" uniqKey="Robins H">H Robins</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Lindstrom, Se" uniqKey="Lindstrom S">SE Lindstrom</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Cox, Nj" uniqKey="Cox N">NJ Cox</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Klimov, A" uniqKey="Klimov A">A Klimov</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Scholtissek, C" uniqKey="Scholtissek C">C Scholtissek</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Rohde, W" uniqKey="Rohde W">W Rohde</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Von Hoyningen, V" uniqKey="Von Hoyningen V">V Von Hoyningen</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Rott, R" uniqKey="Rott R">R Rott</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Myers, Kp" uniqKey="Myers K">KP Myers</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Olsen, Cw" uniqKey="Olsen C">CW Olsen</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Gray, Gc" uniqKey="Gray G">GC Gray</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Shinde, V" uniqKey="Shinde V">V Shinde</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Bridges, Cb" uniqKey="Bridges C">CB Bridges</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Uyeki, Tm" uniqKey="Uyeki T">TM Uyeki</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Shu, B" uniqKey="Shu B">B Shu</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Balish, A" uniqKey="Balish A">A Balish</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct></biblStruct>
<biblStruct></biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Trifonov, V" uniqKey="Trifonov V">V Trifonov</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Khiabanian, H" uniqKey="Khiabanian H">H Khiabanian</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Greenbaum, B" uniqKey="Greenbaum B">B Greenbaum</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Rabadan, R" uniqKey="Rabadan R">R Rabadan</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Komar, N" uniqKey="Komar N">N Komar</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Olsen, B" uniqKey="Olsen B">B Olsen</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Brown, Ia" uniqKey="Brown I">IA Brown</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Scholtissek, C" uniqKey="Scholtissek C">C Scholtissek</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Nakajima, K" uniqKey="Nakajima K">K Nakajima</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Desselberger, U" uniqKey="Desselberger U">U Desselberger</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Palese, P" uniqKey="Palese P">P Palese</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Scholtissek, C" uniqKey="Scholtissek C">C Scholtissek</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Von Hoyningen, V" uniqKey="Von Hoyningen V">V von Hoyningen</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Rott, R" uniqKey="Rott R">R Rott</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Webby, Rj" uniqKey="Webby R">RJ Webby</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Swenson, Sl" uniqKey="Swenson S">SL Swenson</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Krauss, Sl" uniqKey="Krauss S">SL Krauss</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Gerrish, Pj" uniqKey="Gerrish P">PJ Gerrish</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Goyal, Sm" uniqKey="Goyal S">SM Goyal</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Zhou, Nn" uniqKey="Zhou N">NN Zhou</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Senne, Da" uniqKey="Senne D">DA Senne</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Landgraf, Js" uniqKey="Landgraf J">JS Landgraf</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Swenson, Sl" uniqKey="Swenson S">SL Swenson</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Erickson, G" uniqKey="Erickson G">G Erickson</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Vincent, Al" uniqKey="Vincent A">AL Vincent</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ma, W" uniqKey="Ma W">W Ma</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Lager, Km" uniqKey="Lager K">KM Lager</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Janke, Bh" uniqKey="Janke B">BH Janke</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Richt, Ja" uniqKey="Richt J">JA Richt</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Marozin, S" uniqKey="Marozin S">S Marozin</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Gregory, V" uniqKey="Gregory V">V Gregory</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Cameron, K" uniqKey="Cameron K">K Cameron</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Bennett, M" uniqKey="Bennett M">M Bennett</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Valette, M" uniqKey="Valette M">M Valette</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Qi, X" uniqKey="Qi X">X Qi</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Lu, Cp" uniqKey="Lu C">CP Lu</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Zell, R" uniqKey="Zell R">R Zell</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Motzke, S" uniqKey="Motzke S">S Motzke</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Krumbholz, A" uniqKey="Krumbholz A">A Krumbholz</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Wutzler, P" uniqKey="Wutzler P">P Wutzler</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Herwig, V" uniqKey="Herwig V">V Herwig</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Saito, T" uniqKey="Saito T">T Saito</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Suzuki, H" uniqKey="Suzuki H">H Suzuki</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Maeda, K" uniqKey="Maeda K">K Maeda</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Inai, K" uniqKey="Inai K">K Inai</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Takemae, N" uniqKey="Takemae N">N Takemae</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Ludwig, S" uniqKey="Ludwig S">S Ludwig</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Stitz, L" uniqKey="Stitz L">L Stitz</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Planz, O" uniqKey="Planz O">O Planz</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Van, H" uniqKey="Van H">H Van</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Fitch, Wm" uniqKey="Fitch W">WM Fitch</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Castrucci, Mr" uniqKey="Castrucci M">MR Castrucci</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Donatelli, I" uniqKey="Donatelli I">I Donatelli</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Sidoli, L" uniqKey="Sidoli L">L Sidoli</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Barigazzi, G" uniqKey="Barigazzi G">G Barigazzi</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Kawaoka, Y" uniqKey="Kawaoka Y">Y Kawaoka</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Chutinimitkul, S" uniqKey="Chutinimitkul S">S Chutinimitkul</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Thippamom, N" uniqKey="Thippamom N">N Thippamom</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Damrongwatanapokin, S" uniqKey="Damrongwatanapokin S">S Damrongwatanapokin</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Payungporn, S" uniqKey="Payungporn S">S Payungporn</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Thanawongnuwech, R" uniqKey="Thanawongnuwech R">R Thanawongnuwech</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Yoo, Gj" uniqKey="Yoo G">GJ Yoo</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Kim, Cj" uniqKey="Kim C">CJ Kim</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Choi, Yk" uniqKey="Choi Y">YK Choi</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Karasin, Ai" uniqKey="Karasin A">AI Karasin</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Brown, Ih" uniqKey="Brown I">IH Brown</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Carman, S" uniqKey="Carman S">S Carman</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Olsen, Cw" uniqKey="Olsen C">CW Olsen</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Bao, Y" uniqKey="Bao Y">Y Bao</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Bolotov, P" uniqKey="Bolotov P">P Bolotov</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Dernovoy, D" uniqKey="Dernovoy D">D Dernovoy</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Kiryutin, B" uniqKey="Kiryutin B">B Kiryutin</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Zaslavsky, L" uniqKey="Zaslavsky L">L Zaslavsky</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Lubeck, Md" uniqKey="Lubeck M">MD Lubeck</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Palese, P" uniqKey="Palese P">P Palese</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Schulman, Jl" uniqKey="Schulman J">JL Schulman</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Rabadan, R" uniqKey="Rabadan R">R Rabadan</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Levin, Aj" uniqKey="Levin A">AJ Levin</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Krasnitz, M" uniqKey="Krasnitz M">M Krasnitz</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Downie, Jc" uniqKey="Downie J">JC Downie</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Krasnitz, M" uniqKey="Krasnitz M">M Krasnitz</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Levine, Aj" uniqKey="Levine A">AJ Levine</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Rabadan, R" uniqKey="Rabadan R">R Rabadan</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Boni, Mf" uniqKey="Boni M">MF Boni</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Zhou, Y" uniqKey="Zhou Y">Y Zhou</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Taubenberger, Jk" uniqKey="Taubenberger J">JK Taubenberger</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Holmes, Ec" uniqKey="Holmes E">EC Holmes</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Rao, Cr" uniqKey="Rao C">CR Rao</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Altschul, Sf" uniqKey="Altschul S">SF Altschul</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Madden, Tl" uniqKey="Madden T">TL Madden</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Schaffer, Aa" uniqKey="Schaffer A">AA Schaffer</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Zhang, J" uniqKey="Zhang J">J Zhang</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Zhang, Z" uniqKey="Zhang Z">Z Zhang</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Marsh, Ga" uniqKey="Marsh G">GA Marsh</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Rabadan, R" uniqKey="Rabadan R">R Rabadan</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Levine, Aj" uniqKey="Levine A">AJ Levine</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Palese, P" uniqKey="Palese P">P Palese</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Karasin, Ai" uniqKey="Karasin A">AI Karasin</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Schutten, Mm" uniqKey="Schutten M">MM Schutten</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Cooper, La" uniqKey="Cooper L">LA Cooper</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Smith, Cb" uniqKey="Smith C">CB Smith</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Subbarao, K" uniqKey="Subbarao K">K Subbarao</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Karasin, Ai" uniqKey="Karasin A">AI Karasin</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Landgraf, J" uniqKey="Landgraf J">J Landgraf</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Swenson, S" uniqKey="Swenson S">S Swenson</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Erickson, G" uniqKey="Erickson G">G Erickson</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Goyal, S" uniqKey="Goyal S">S Goyal</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Lekcharoensuk, P" uniqKey="Lekcharoensuk P">P Lekcharoensuk</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Lager, Km" uniqKey="Lager K">KM Lager</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Vemulapalli, R" uniqKey="Vemulapalli R">R Vemulapalli</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Woodruff, M" uniqKey="Woodruff M">M Woodruff</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Vincent, Al" uniqKey="Vincent A">AL Vincent</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Ma, W" uniqKey="Ma W">W Ma</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Vincent, Al" uniqKey="Vincent A">AL Vincent</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Gramer, Mr" uniqKey="Gramer M">MR Gramer</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Brockwell, Cb" uniqKey="Brockwell C">CB Brockwell</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Lager, Km" uniqKey="Lager K">KM Lager</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Karasin, Ai" uniqKey="Karasin A">AI Karasin</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Carman, S" uniqKey="Carman S">S Carman</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Olsen, Cw" uniqKey="Olsen C">CW Olsen</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Olsen, Cw" uniqKey="Olsen C">CW Olsen</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Karasin, Ai" uniqKey="Karasin A">AI Karasin</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Carman, S" uniqKey="Carman S">S Carman</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Li, Y" uniqKey="Li Y">Y Li</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Bastien, N" uniqKey="Bastien N">N Bastien</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
</listBibl>
</div1>
</back>
</TEI>
<pmc article-type="research-article"><pmc-dir>properties open_access</pmc-dir>
<front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">PLoS One</journal-id>
<journal-id journal-id-type="iso-abbrev">PLoS ONE</journal-id>
<journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">plos</journal-id>
<journal-id journal-id-type="pmc">plosone</journal-id>
<journal-title-group><journal-title>PLoS ONE</journal-title>
</journal-title-group>
<issn pub-type="epub">1932-6203</issn>
<publisher><publisher-name>Public Library of Science</publisher-name>
<publisher-loc>San Francisco, USA</publisher-loc>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="pmid">19809504</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="pmc">2752997</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">09-PONE-RA-11882R1</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1371/journal.pone.0007366</article-id>
<article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject>
</subj-group>
<subj-group subj-group-type="Discipline"><subject>Computational Biology</subject>
<subject>Public Health and Epidemiology</subject>
<subject>Virology</subject>
<subject>Computational Biology/Genomics</subject>
<subject>Virology/Emerging Viral Diseases</subject>
<subject>Public Health and Epidemiology/Infectious Diseases</subject>
</subj-group>
</article-categories>
<title-group><article-title>Reassortment Patterns in Swine Influenza Viruses</article-title>
<alt-title alt-title-type="running-head">Swine Flu Virus Reassortments</alt-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Khiabanian</surname>
<given-names>Hossein</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"></xref>
<xref ref-type="corresp" rid="cor1"><sup>*</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Trifonov</surname>
<given-names>Vladimir</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"></xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Rabadan</surname>
<given-names>Raul</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"></xref>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="aff1"><addr-line>Department of Biomedical Informatics and Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York, United States of America</addr-line>
</aff>
<contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="editor"><name><surname>Stolovitzky</surname>
<given-names>Gustavo</given-names>
</name>
<role>Editor</role>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="edit1"></xref>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="edit1">IBM Thomas J. Watson Research Center, United States of America</aff>
<author-notes><corresp id="cor1">* E-mail: <email>hossein@c2b2.columbia.edu</email>
</corresp>
<fn fn-type="con"><p>Conceived and designed the experiments: HK VT RR. Performed the experiments: HK VT RR. Analyzed the data: HK VT RR. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: HK VT RR. Wrote the paper: HK VT RR.</p>
</fn>
</author-notes>
<pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2009</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>7</day>
<month>10</month>
<year>2009</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>4</volume>
<issue>10</issue>
<elocation-id>e7366</elocation-id>
<history><date date-type="received"><day>27</day>
<month>7</month>
<year>2009</year>
</date>
<date date-type="accepted"><day>11</day>
<month>9</month>
<year>2009</year>
</date>
</history>
<permissions><copyright-statement>Khiabanian et al.</copyright-statement>
<copyright-year>2009</copyright-year>
<license xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"><license-p>This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are properly credited.</license-p>
</license>
</permissions>
<related-article id="d35e137" related-article-type="updated-article" xlink:href="2762698" ext-link-type="pmcid"></related-article>
<abstract><p>Three human influenza pandemics occurred in the twentieth century, in 1918, 1957, and 1968. Influenza pandemic strains are the results of emerging viruses from non-human reservoirs to which humans have little or no immunity. At least two of these pandemic strains, in 1957 and in 1968, were the results of reassortments between human and avian viruses. Also, many cases of swine influenza viruses have reportedly infected humans, in particular, the recent H1N1 influenza virus of swine origin, isolated in Mexico and the United States. Pigs are documented to allow productive replication of human, avian, and swine influenza viruses. Thus it has been conjectured that pigs are the “mixing vessel” that create the avian-human reassortant strains, causing the human pandemics. Hence, studying the process and patterns of viral reassortment, especially in pigs, is a key to better understanding of human influenza pandemics. In the last few years, databases containing sequences of influenza A viruses, including swine viruses, collected since 1918 from diverse geographical locations, have been developed and made publicly available. In this paper, we study an ensemble of swine influenza viruses to analyze the reassortment phenomena through several statistical techniques. The reassortment patterns in swine viruses prove to be similar to the previous results found in human viruses, both <italic>in vitro</italic>
and <italic>in vivo</italic>
, that the surface glycoprotein coding segments reassort most often. Moreover, we find that one of the polymerase segments (PB1), reassorted in the strains responsible for the last two human pandemics, also reassorts frequently.</p>
</abstract>
<counts><page-count count="7"></page-count>
</counts>
</article-meta>
</front>
</pmc>
<affiliations><list></list>
<tree><noCountry><name sortKey="Khiabanian, Hossein" sort="Khiabanian, Hossein" uniqKey="Khiabanian H" first="Hossein" last="Khiabanian">Hossein Khiabanian</name>
<name sortKey="Rabadan, Raul" sort="Rabadan, Raul" uniqKey="Rabadan R" first="Raul" last="Rabadan">Raul Rabadan</name>
<name sortKey="Trifonov, Vladimir" sort="Trifonov, Vladimir" uniqKey="Trifonov V" first="Vladimir" last="Trifonov">Vladimir Trifonov</name>
</noCountry>
</tree>
</affiliations>
</record>
Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
EXPLOR_STEP=$WICRI_ROOT/Sante/explor/H2N2V1/Data/Ncbi/Merge
HfdSelect -h $EXPLOR_STEP/biblio.hfd -nk 000424 | SxmlIndent | more
Ou
HfdSelect -h $EXPLOR_AREA/Data/Ncbi/Merge/biblio.hfd -nk 000424 | SxmlIndent | more
Pour mettre un lien sur cette page dans le réseau Wicri
{{Explor lien |wiki= Sante |area= H2N2V1 |flux= Ncbi |étape= Merge |type= RBID |clé= PMC:2752997 |texte= Reassortment Patterns in Swine Influenza Viruses }}
Pour générer des pages wiki
HfdIndexSelect -h $EXPLOR_AREA/Data/Ncbi/Merge/RBID.i -Sk "pubmed:19809504" \ | HfdSelect -Kh $EXPLOR_AREA/Data/Ncbi/Merge/biblio.hfd \ | NlmPubMed2Wicri -a H2N2V1
This area was generated with Dilib version V0.6.33. |