Rapid Multiplex Reverse Transcription-PCR Typing of Influenza A and B Virus, and Subtyping of Influenza A Virus into H1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 9, N1 (Human), N1 (Animal), N2, and N7, Including Typing of Novel Swine Origin Influenza A (H1N1) Virus, during the 2009 Outbreak in Milwaukee, Wisconsin▿
Identifieur interne : 000400 ( Ncbi/Merge ); précédent : 000399; suivant : 000401Rapid Multiplex Reverse Transcription-PCR Typing of Influenza A and B Virus, and Subtyping of Influenza A Virus into H1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 9, N1 (Human), N1 (Animal), N2, and N7, Including Typing of Novel Swine Origin Influenza A (H1N1) Virus, during the 2009 Outbreak in Milwaukee, Wisconsin▿
Auteurs : Jie He ; Michael E. Bose ; Eric T. Beck ; Jiang Fan ; Sagarika Tiwari ; Jacob Metallo ; Lisa A. Jurgens ; Sue C. Kehl ; Nathan Ledeboer ; Swati Kumar ; William Weisburg ; Kelly J. HenricksonSource :
- Journal of Clinical Microbiology [ 0095-1137 ] ; 2009.
Abstract
A large outbreak of novel influenza A (H1N1) virus (swine origin influenza virus [S-OIV]) infection in Milwaukee, WI, occurred in late April 2009. We had recently developed a rapid multiplex reverse transcription-PCR enzyme hybridization assay (FluPlex) to determine the type (A or B) and subtype (H1, H2, H3, H5, H7, H9, N1 [human], N1 [animal], N2, or N7) of influenza viruses, and this assay was used to confirm the diagnoses for the first infected patients in the state. The analytical sensitivity was excellent at 1.5 to 116 copies/reaction, or 10−3 to 10−1 50% tissue culture infective doses/ml. The testing of all existing hemagglutinin and neuraminidase subtypes of influenza A virus and influenza B virus (41 influenza virus strains) and 24 common respiratory pathogens showed only one low-level H3 cross-reaction with an H10N7 avian strain and only at 5.2 × 106 copies/reaction, not at lower concentrations. Comparisons of the FluPlex results with results from multiple validated in-house molecular assays, CDC-validated FDA-approved assays, and gene sequencing demonstrated 100% positive agreement for the typing of 179 influenza A viruses and 3 influenza B viruses, the subtyping of 110 H1N1 (S-OIV; N1 [animal]), 62 H1N1 (human), and 6 H3N2 (human) viruses, and the identification of 24 negative clinical samples and 100% negative agreement for all viruses tested except H1N1 (human) (97.7%). The small number of false-positive H1N1 (human) samples most likely represent increased sensitivity over that of other in-house assays, with four of four results confirmed by the CDC's influenza virus subtyping assay. The FluPlex is a rapid, inexpensive, sensitive, and specific method for the typing and subtyping of influenza viruses and demonstrated outstanding utility during the first 2 weeks of an S-OIV infection outbreak. Methods for rapid detection and broad subtyping of influenza viruses, including animal subtypes, are needed to address public concern over the emergence of pandemic strains. Attempts to automate this assay are ongoing.
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DOI: 10.1128/JCM.00998-09
PubMed: 19641063
PubMed Central: 2738083
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<record><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">Rapid Multiplex Reverse Transcription-PCR Typing of Influenza A and B Virus, and Subtyping of Influenza A Virus into H1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 9, N1 (Human), N1 (Animal), N2, and N7, Including Typing of Novel Swine Origin Influenza A (H1N1) Virus, during the 2009 Outbreak in Milwaukee, Wisconsin<xref ref-type="fn" rid="fn1">▿</xref> </title><author><name sortKey="He, Jie" sort="He, Jie" uniqKey="He J" first="Jie" last="He">Jie He</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1"></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1"></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bose, Michael E" sort="Bose, Michael E" uniqKey="Bose M" first="Michael E." last="Bose">Michael E. Bose</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1"></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1"></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Beck, Eric T" sort="Beck, Eric T" uniqKey="Beck E" first="Eric T." last="Beck">Eric T. Beck</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1"></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1"></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Fan, Jiang" sort="Fan, Jiang" uniqKey="Fan J" first="Jiang" last="Fan">Jiang Fan</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1"></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1"></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Tiwari, Sagarika" sort="Tiwari, Sagarika" uniqKey="Tiwari S" first="Sagarika" last="Tiwari">Sagarika Tiwari</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1"></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1"></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Metallo, Jacob" sort="Metallo, Jacob" uniqKey="Metallo J" first="Jacob" last="Metallo">Jacob Metallo</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1"></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1"></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Jurgens, Lisa A" sort="Jurgens, Lisa A" uniqKey="Jurgens L" first="Lisa A." last="Jurgens">Lisa A. Jurgens</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1"></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1"></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kehl, Sue C" sort="Kehl, Sue C" uniqKey="Kehl S" first="Sue C." last="Kehl">Sue C. Kehl</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1"></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1"></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1"></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1"></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ledeboer, Nathan" sort="Ledeboer, Nathan" uniqKey="Ledeboer N" first="Nathan" last="Ledeboer">Nathan Ledeboer</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1"></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1"></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kumar, Swati" sort="Kumar, Swati" uniqKey="Kumar S" first="Swati" last="Kumar">Swati Kumar</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1"></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1"></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1"></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1"></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Weisburg, William" sort="Weisburg, William" uniqKey="Weisburg W" first="William" last="Weisburg">William Weisburg</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1"></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Henrickson, Kelly J" sort="Henrickson, Kelly J" uniqKey="Henrickson K" first="Kelly J." last="Henrickson">Kelly J. 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Bose</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1"></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1"></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Beck, Eric T" sort="Beck, Eric T" uniqKey="Beck E" first="Eric T." last="Beck">Eric T. Beck</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1"></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1"></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Fan, Jiang" sort="Fan, Jiang" uniqKey="Fan J" first="Jiang" last="Fan">Jiang Fan</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1"></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1"></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Tiwari, Sagarika" sort="Tiwari, Sagarika" uniqKey="Tiwari S" first="Sagarika" last="Tiwari">Sagarika Tiwari</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1"></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1"></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Metallo, Jacob" sort="Metallo, Jacob" uniqKey="Metallo J" first="Jacob" last="Metallo">Jacob Metallo</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1"></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1"></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Jurgens, Lisa A" sort="Jurgens, Lisa A" uniqKey="Jurgens L" first="Lisa A." last="Jurgens">Lisa A. Jurgens</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1"></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1"></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kehl, Sue C" sort="Kehl, Sue C" uniqKey="Kehl S" first="Sue C." last="Kehl">Sue C. Kehl</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1"></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1"></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1"></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1"></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ledeboer, Nathan" sort="Ledeboer, Nathan" uniqKey="Ledeboer N" first="Nathan" last="Ledeboer">Nathan Ledeboer</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1"></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1"></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kumar, Swati" sort="Kumar, Swati" uniqKey="Kumar S" first="Swati" last="Kumar">Swati Kumar</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1"></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1"></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1"></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1"></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Weisburg, William" sort="Weisburg, William" uniqKey="Weisburg W" first="William" last="Weisburg">William Weisburg</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1"></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Henrickson, Kelly J" sort="Henrickson, Kelly J" uniqKey="Henrickson K" first="Kelly J." last="Henrickson">Kelly J. Henrickson</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1"></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1"></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1"></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1"></nlm:aff></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">Journal of Clinical Microbiology</title><idno type="ISSN">0095-1137</idno><idno type="eISSN">1098-660X</idno><imprint><date when="2009">2009</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p>A large outbreak of novel influenza A (H1N1) virus (swine origin influenza virus [S-OIV]) infection in Milwaukee, WI, occurred in late April 2009. We had recently developed a rapid multiplex reverse transcription-PCR enzyme hybridization assay (FluPlex) to determine the type (A or B) and subtype (H1, H2, H3, H5, H7, H9, N1 [human], N1 [animal], N2, or N7) of influenza viruses, and this assay was used to confirm the diagnoses for the first infected patients in the state. The analytical sensitivity was excellent at 1.5 to 116 copies/reaction, or 10<sup>−3</sup> to 10<sup>−1</sup> 50% tissue culture infective doses/ml. The testing of all existing hemagglutinin and neuraminidase subtypes of influenza A virus and influenza B virus (41 influenza virus strains) and 24 common respiratory pathogens showed only one low-level H3 cross-reaction with an H10N7 avian strain and only at 5.2 × 10<sup>6</sup> copies/reaction, not at lower concentrations. Comparisons of the FluPlex results with results from multiple validated in-house molecular assays, CDC-validated FDA-approved assays, and gene sequencing demonstrated 100% positive agreement for the typing of 179 influenza A viruses and 3 influenza B viruses, the subtyping of 110 H1N1 (S-OIV; N1 [animal]), 62 H1N1 (human), and 6 H3N2 (human) viruses, and the identification of 24 negative clinical samples and 100% negative agreement for all viruses tested except H1N1 (human) (97.7%). The small number of false-positive H1N1 (human) samples most likely represent increased sensitivity over that of other in-house assays, with four of four results confirmed by the CDC's influenza virus subtyping assay. The FluPlex is a rapid, inexpensive, sensitive, and specific method for the typing and subtyping of influenza viruses and demonstrated outstanding utility during the first 2 weeks of an S-OIV infection outbreak. Methods for rapid detection and broad subtyping of influenza viruses, including animal subtypes, are needed to address public concern over the emergence of pandemic strains. Attempts to automate this assay are ongoing.</p></div></front></TEI><pmc article-type="research-article"><pmc-comment>The publisher of this article does not allow downloading of the full text in XML form.</pmc-comment>
<front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">J Clin Microbiol</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">jcm</journal-id><journal-title>Journal of Clinical Microbiology</journal-title><issn pub-type="ppub">0095-1137</issn><issn pub-type="epub">1098-660X</issn><publisher><publisher-name>American Society for Microbiology (ASM)</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="pmid">19641063</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="pmc">2738083</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">0998-09</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1128/JCM.00998-09</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Virology</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Rapid Multiplex Reverse Transcription-PCR Typing of Influenza A and B Virus, and Subtyping of Influenza A Virus into H1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 9, N1 (Human), N1 (Animal), N2, and N7, Including Typing of Novel Swine Origin Influenza A (H1N1) Virus, during the 2009 Outbreak in Milwaukee, Wisconsin<xref ref-type="fn" rid="fn1">▿</xref> </article-title></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>He</surname><given-names>Jie</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">1</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">2</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Bose</surname><given-names>Michael E.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">1</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">2</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Beck</surname><given-names>Eric T.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">1</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">2</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Fan</surname><given-names>Jiang</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">1</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">2</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Tiwari</surname><given-names>Sagarika</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">1</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">2</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Metallo</surname><given-names>Jacob</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">1</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">2</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Jurgens</surname><given-names>Lisa A.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">1</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">2</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Kehl</surname><given-names>Sue C.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">1</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">3</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">4</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">5</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Ledeboer</surname><given-names>Nathan</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">3</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">6</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Kumar</surname><given-names>Swati</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">1</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">2</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">4</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">5</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Weisburg</surname><given-names>William</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">7</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Henrickson</surname><given-names>Kelly J.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">1</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">2</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">4</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">5</xref><xref ref-type="corresp" rid="cor1">*</xref></contrib></contrib-group><aff id="aff1">Midwest Respiratory Virus Program,<label>1</label> Departments of Pediatrics,<label>2</label> Pathology, Medical College of Wisconsin,<label>3</label> Children's Research Institute,<label>4</label> Children's Hospital of Wisconsin,<label>5</label> Dynacare Laboratories, Milwaukee, Wisconsin,<label>6</label> Nanogen, Inc., San Diego, California<label>7</label></aff><author-notes><fn id="cor1"><label>*</label><p>Corresponding author. Mailing address: Pediatrics/Infectious Disease/CCC/Suite c450, Children's Corporate Center, P.O. Box 1997, Milwaukee, WI 53201-1997. Phone: (414) 337-7073. Fax: (414) 337-7093. E-mail: <email>Khenrick@mcw.edu</email></p></fn></author-notes><pub-date pub-type="ppub"><month>9</month><year>2009</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>29</day><month>7</month><year>2009</year></pub-date><volume>47</volume><issue>9</issue><fpage>2772</fpage><lpage>2778</lpage><history><date date-type="received"><day>19</day><month>5</month><year>2009</year></date><date date-type="rev-recd"><day>7</day><month>7</month><year>2009</year></date><date date-type="accepted"><day>23</day><month>7</month><year>2009</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright © 2009, American Society for Microbiology</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2009</copyright-year></permissions><self-uri xlink:title="pdf" xlink:href="zjm00909002772.pdf"></self-uri><abstract><p>A large outbreak of novel influenza A (H1N1) virus (swine origin influenza virus [S-OIV]) infection in Milwaukee, WI, occurred in late April 2009. We had recently developed a rapid multiplex reverse transcription-PCR enzyme hybridization assay (FluPlex) to determine the type (A or B) and subtype (H1, H2, H3, H5, H7, H9, N1 [human], N1 [animal], N2, or N7) of influenza viruses, and this assay was used to confirm the diagnoses for the first infected patients in the state. The analytical sensitivity was excellent at 1.5 to 116 copies/reaction, or 10<sup>−3</sup> to 10<sup>−1</sup> 50% tissue culture infective doses/ml. The testing of all existing hemagglutinin and neuraminidase subtypes of influenza A virus and influenza B virus (41 influenza virus strains) and 24 common respiratory pathogens showed only one low-level H3 cross-reaction with an H10N7 avian strain and only at 5.2 × 10<sup>6</sup> copies/reaction, not at lower concentrations. Comparisons of the FluPlex results with results from multiple validated in-house molecular assays, CDC-validated FDA-approved assays, and gene sequencing demonstrated 100% positive agreement for the typing of 179 influenza A viruses and 3 influenza B viruses, the subtyping of 110 H1N1 (S-OIV; N1 [animal]), 62 H1N1 (human), and 6 H3N2 (human) viruses, and the identification of 24 negative clinical samples and 100% negative agreement for all viruses tested except H1N1 (human) (97.7%). The small number of false-positive H1N1 (human) samples most likely represent increased sensitivity over that of other in-house assays, with four of four results confirmed by the CDC's influenza virus subtyping assay. The FluPlex is a rapid, inexpensive, sensitive, and specific method for the typing and subtyping of influenza viruses and demonstrated outstanding utility during the first 2 weeks of an S-OIV infection outbreak. Methods for rapid detection and broad subtyping of influenza viruses, including animal subtypes, are needed to address public concern over the emergence of pandemic strains. Attempts to automate this assay are ongoing.</p></abstract></article-meta></front><floats-wrap><table-wrap position="float" id="t1"><label>TABLE 1.</label><caption><p>Sequences of primers and probes</p></caption><table frame="hsides" rules="groups"><thead><tr><th colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="bottom">Oligonucleotide name</th><th colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="bottom">Sequence (5′ to 3′)</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="left" valign="top">H1N1for798U33</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="left" valign="top">ACAATAATATTTGAGGCAAATGGAAATCTAATA</td></tr><tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="left" valign="top">H1N1Rev997-23</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="left" valign="top">GCACTCCTGACATACTTTGGACA</td></tr><tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="left" valign="top">H1N1 Probe933-31</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="left" valign="top">GGAGCTATAAACAGCAGTCTTCCTTTCCAGA</td></tr><tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="left" valign="top">H3_129for20</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="left" valign="top">CATGCAGTACCAAACGGAAC</td></tr><tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="left" valign="top">H3_309rev22</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="left" valign="top">CATCACACTGAGGGTCTCCCAA</td></tr><tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="left" valign="top">H3N2 Probe169-33</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="left" valign="top">ATGACCAAATTGAAGTIACTAATGCTACTGAGC</td></tr><tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="left" valign="top">H5N1_all_for1b</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="left" valign="top">GCATTGGTTACCATGCAAACAA</td></tr><tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="left" valign="top">H5N1rev264L25</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="left" valign="top">CGAGGAGCCATCCAGCTACACTACA</td></tr><tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="left" valign="top">H5-Probe rev</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="left" valign="top">ACGTTCTTTTCCATTATTGTGTCAACCTGCTCTGT</td></tr><tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="left" valign="top">N1(human)_307U27</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="left" valign="top">GATGGGCTATATACACAAAAGACAACA</td></tr><tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="left" valign="top">N1(human)_vac_534L20</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="left" valign="top">TGCTGACCATGCAACTGATT</td></tr><tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="left" valign="top">N1(human) Probe483-29</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="left" valign="top">TATAGGGCCTTAATGAGCTGTCCTCTAGG</td></tr><tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="left" valign="top">N1(animal)for1081</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="left" valign="top">ATACGGCAATGGTGTCTGGAT</td></tr><tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="left" valign="top">N1(animal)rev1323a</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="left" valign="top">GCACCGTCTGGCCAAGA</td></tr><tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="left" valign="top">N1(animal) Probe1271-29</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="left" valign="top">CATCCAGAACTGACAGGATTAGATTGCAT</td></tr><tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="left" valign="top">N2H3_2mm_530U20</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="left" valign="top">AGCATGGTCCAGCTCAAGTT</td></tr><tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="left" valign="top">N2H3_2mm_709L26</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="left" valign="top">CAAGTTCCATTGATACAAACGCATTC</td></tr><tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="left" valign="top">N2H3 Probe555-29</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="left" valign="top">GATGGAAAAGCATGGCTGCATGTTTGTGT</td></tr><tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="left" valign="top">FA _Forward121477</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="left" valign="top">CTTCTAACCGAGGTCGAAACGTA</td></tr><tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="left" valign="top">FA_Reverse primer 2</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="left" valign="top">ACAAAGCGTCTACGCTGCAGTCC</td></tr><tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="left" valign="top">FA probe</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="left" valign="top">GGCTAAAGACAAGACCAATCCTGTCACCTCTGACTAA</td></tr><tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="left" valign="top">INFBNS748</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="left" valign="top">ATGGCCATCGGATCCTCAACTCACTC</td></tr><tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="left" valign="top">INFBNS967</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="left" valign="top">TCATGTCAGCTATTATGGAGCTGTT</td></tr><tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="left" valign="top">FB probe</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="left" valign="top">TATCCCAATTTGGTCAAGAGCACCGATTATCACCAG</td></tr><tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="left" valign="top">H2 Forward509-26</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="left" valign="top">TCATTCTTCAGGAACATGGTCTGGCT</td></tr><tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="left" valign="top">H2 Forward509-24</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="left" valign="top">TCATTCTTCAGGAACATGGTCTGG</td></tr><tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="left" valign="top">H2 Reverse758-23</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="left" valign="top">AGGGTCCAAGAGAATTCCATTCT</td></tr><tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="left" valign="top">H2 probe</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="left" valign="top">GCACATCAACATTGAACAAAAGGTCAA</td></tr><tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="left" valign="top">H7 For424-22ccc</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="left" valign="top">TACAGCGGAATAAGAACCAATG</td></tr><tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="left" valign="top">H7 ReverseC653-26</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="left" valign="top">TGGTAATTAGAACTCCCAACTGTTAT</td></tr><tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="left" valign="top">H7 ReverseB648-24</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="left" valign="top">TCCACTTCCATAGAGTTTGGTCTG</td></tr><tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="left" valign="top">H7 probe466-32</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="left" valign="top">AGATCAGGATCTTCTTTCTATGCAGAGATGAA</td></tr><tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="left" valign="top">N7 For1145-23</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="left" valign="top">GAGATGTTGAAGATACCTAATGC</td></tr><tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="left" valign="top">N7 rev1380-20</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="left" valign="top">GAAGGAACCGGACCCAACTG</td></tr><tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="left" valign="top">N7 probe1363-30</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="left" valign="top">TTGCACTATGTGGAAGCCCAITCCCAGTTG</td></tr><tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="left" valign="top">H9Forward1477 + 20</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="left" valign="top">TGTGATGATCAGTGCATGGA</td></tr><tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="left" valign="top">H9reverse1691-23</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="left" valign="top">GATCCGTTGGACATGGCCCAGAA</td></tr><tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="left" valign="top">H9probe1622 + 28</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="left" valign="top">CTGTCGCCTCATCTCTTGTTCTTGCAAT</td></tr></tbody></table></table-wrap><table-wrap position="float" id="t2"><label>TABLE 2.</label><caption><p>In silico coverage rates for the primer and probe sets in the FluPlex</p></caption><table frame="hsides" rules="groups"><thead><tr><th colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="bottom">Primer set</th><th colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="bottom">Coverage group(s)</th><th colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="bottom">Group total<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="t2fn2"><italic>b</italic></xref></th><th colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="bottom">Coverage (%)</th><th colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="bottom">GT coverage (%)</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="left" valign="top">H1 set</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="left" valign="top">Human subtypes from past 5 yr</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="char" char="." valign="top">1,590</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="char" char="." valign="top">99.1</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="left" valign="top">H2 set</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="left" valign="top">Human subtypes from all yr</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="char" char="." valign="top">123</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="char" char="." valign="top">99.2</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="left" valign="top">H3 set</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="left" valign="top">Human subtypes from past 5 yr</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="char" char="." valign="top">3,308</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="char" char="." valign="top">99.0</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="left" valign="top">H5 set</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="left" valign="top">Human subtypes from past 5 yr</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="char" char="." valign="top">283</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="char" char="." valign="top">98.9</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="left" valign="top">H7 set</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="left" valign="top">All subtypes from past 5 yr except South American subtypes</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="char" char="." valign="top">201</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="char" char="." valign="top">81.2</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="char" char="." valign="top">92.9</td></tr><tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="left" valign="top">H9 set</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="left" valign="top">All subtypes from past 5 yr, all North American subtypes, all human subtypes</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="char" char="." valign="top">344</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="char" char="." valign="top">95.6</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="left" valign="top">N1 (human) set</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="left" valign="top">Human H1N1 subtypes from past 5 yr</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="char" char="." valign="top">908</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="char" char="." valign="top">98.3</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="left" valign="top">N1 (animal) set</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="left" valign="top">Animal subtypes from past 5 yr</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="char" char="." valign="top">1,383</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="char" char="." valign="top">94.2</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top"></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="left" valign="top">S-OIV<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="t2fn1"><italic>a</italic></xref></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="char" char="." valign="top">66</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="char" char="." valign="top">0</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="char" char="." valign="top">100</td></tr><tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="left" valign="top">N2 set</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="left" valign="top">Human subtypes from past 5 yr</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="char" char="." valign="top">899</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="char" char="." valign="top">99.8</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="left" valign="top">N7 set</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="left" valign="top">All subtypes from past 5 yr</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="char" char="." valign="top">28</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="char" char="." valign="top">86.4</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="char" char="." valign="top">90.9</td></tr><tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="left" valign="top">Influenza A virus matrix set</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="left" valign="top">Human subtypes from past 5 yr</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="char" char="." valign="top">1,350</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="char" char="." valign="top">99.7</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="left" valign="top">Influenza B virus NS1 set</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="left" valign="top">Human subtypes from past 5 yr</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="char" char="." valign="top">133</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="char" char="." valign="top">100</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top"></td></tr></tbody></table><table-wrap-foot><fn id="t2fn1"><label>a</label><p>For the S-OIV sequences, there are three mismatches in the region corresponding to the probe, so under default program conditions the probe does not meet our strict coverage definition. However, allowing GT matches expands coverage to 100%.</p></fn><fn id="t2fn2"><label>b</label><p>Group total values represent numbers of sequences in groups.</p></fn></table-wrap-foot></table-wrap><table-wrap position="float" id="t3"><label>TABLE 3.</label><caption><p>Influenza virus subtypes tested in the FluPlex assay</p></caption><table frame="hsides" rules="groups"><thead><tr><th colspan="1" rowspan="2" align="center" valign="middle">Strain name</th><th colspan="4" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="bottom">Result<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="t3fn1"><italic>a</italic></xref> of analysis for:
<hr></hr></th></tr><tr><th colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="bottom">HA gene</th><th colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="bottom">NA gene</th><th colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="bottom">Influenza A virus M gene</th><th colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="bottom">Influenza B virus NS genes</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="left" valign="top">A/China/629-46/2005 (H1N1)</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">H1</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">N1 (H)</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">+</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">−</td></tr><tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="left" valign="top">A/NWS/33 (H1N1)</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">H1</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">N1 (H)</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">+</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">−</td></tr><tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="left" valign="top">A/WI/629-1/2008 (H1N1)</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">H1</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">N1 (H)</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">+</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">−</td></tr><tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="left" valign="top">A/WI/629-9/2008 (H1N1)</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">H1</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">N1 (H)</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">+</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">−</td></tr><tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="left" valign="top">A/Singapore/1/57 (H2N2)</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">H2</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">N2</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">+</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">−</td></tr><tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="left" valign="top">A/Port Chalmers/1/73 (H3N2)</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">H3</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">N2</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">+</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">−</td></tr><tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="left" valign="top">A/WI/629-1/1991 (H3N2)</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">H3</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">N2</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">+</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">−</td></tr><tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="left" valign="top">A/WI/629-2/1991 (H3N2)</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">H3</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">N2</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">+</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">−</td></tr><tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="left" valign="top">A/WI/629-3/1991 (H3N2)</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">H3</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">N2</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">+</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">−</td></tr><tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="left" valign="top">A/WI/629-4/1991 (H3N2)</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">H3</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">N2</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">+</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">−</td></tr><tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="left" valign="top">A/WI/629-2/2008 (H3N2)</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">H3</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">N2</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">+</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">−</td></tr><tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="left" valign="top">A/WI/629-3/2008 (H3N2)</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">H3</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">N2</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">+</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">−</td></tr><tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="left" valign="top">A/Avian/China/629-01/2005 (H5N1) (RNA)</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">H5</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">N1 (A)</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">+</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">−</td></tr><tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="left" valign="top">A/Avian/China/629-02/2005 (H5N1) (RNA)</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">H5</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">N1 (A)</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">+</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">−</td></tr><tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="left" valign="top">A/Anhui/01/2005 (H5N1)-PR8-IBCDC-RG5</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">H5</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">N1 (H)</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">+</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">−</td></tr><tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="left" valign="top">A/Mallard/WI/42/1975 (H5N2)</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">H5</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">N2</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">+</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">−</td></tr><tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="left" valign="top">A/Turkey/WI/68 (H5N9)</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">H5</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">−</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">+</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">−</td></tr><tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="left" valign="top">A/Chicken/CA/431/00 (H6N2)</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">−</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">N2</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">+</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">−</td></tr><tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="left" valign="top">A/Chicken/NJ/15086-3/94 (H7N3)</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">H7</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">−</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">+</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">−</td></tr><tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="left" valign="top">A/Chicken/NJ/12220/97 (H9N2)</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">H9</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">N2</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">+</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">−</td></tr><tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="left" valign="top">A/GWT/LA/169GW/88 (H10N7)</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">−</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">N7</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">+</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">−</td></tr><tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="left" valign="top">B/WI/629-1/2008</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">−</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">−</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">−</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">+</td></tr><tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="left" valign="top">B/Taiwan/2/62</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">−</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">−</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">−</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">+</td></tr><tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="left" valign="top">B/Lee/40</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">−</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">−</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">−</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">+</td></tr></tbody></table><table-wrap-foot><fn id="t3fn1"><label>a</label><p>N1 (A) and N1 (H) refer to animal and human N1 subtypes, respectively. +, sample tested positive for indicated gene(s); −, sample tested negative for indicated gene(s).</p></fn></table-wrap-foot></table-wrap><table-wrap position="float" id="t4"><label>TABLE 4.</label><caption><p>Specificity of the FluPlex for all HA and NA subtypes of influenza A and influenza B virus</p></caption><table frame="hsides" rules="groups"><thead><tr><th colspan="1" rowspan="2" align="center" valign="middle">Virus</th><th colspan="1" rowspan="2" align="center" valign="middle">Target(s)<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="t4fn1"><italic>a</italic></xref></th><th colspan="1" rowspan="2" align="center" valign="middle">No. of copies/ reaction</th><th colspan="5" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="bottom">Result<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="t4fn2"><italic>b</italic></xref> for:
<hr></hr></th></tr><tr><th colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="bottom">HA/NA-specific probe</th><th colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="bottom">All nonspecific HA probes</th><th colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="bottom">All nonspecific NA probes</th><th colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="bottom">Influenza virus A matrix gene probe</th><th colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="bottom">Influenza virus B NS gene probe</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="left" valign="top">A/WI/629-9/08 (H1N1)</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="left" valign="top">H1/N1/FA virus</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">2.9 × 10<sup>6</sup></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">4.0/4.0</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">NA</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">NA</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">4.0</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">NA</td></tr><tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="left" valign="top">A/Singapore/1/57 (H2N2)</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="left" valign="top">H2/N2/FA virus</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">1.5 × 10<sup>4</sup></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">4.0/4.0</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">NA</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">NA</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">4.0</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">NA</td></tr><tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="left" valign="top">A/WI/629-2/08 (H3N2)</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="left" valign="top">H3/N2/FA virus</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">1.5 × 10<sup>4</sup></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">4.0/4.0</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">NA</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">NA</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">4.0</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">NA</td></tr><tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="left" valign="top">A/Anhui/01/2005 (H5N1)-PR8-IBCDC-RG5</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="left" valign="top">H5/N1/FA virus</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">2.2 × 10<sup>7</sup></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">4.0/4.0</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">NA</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">NA</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">4.0</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">NA</td></tr><tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="left" valign="top">A/Chicken/NJ/15086-3/94 (H7N3)</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="left" valign="top">H7/N3/FA virus</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">1.1 × 10<sup>6</sup></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">1.7/NA</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">NA</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">NA</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">4.0</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">NA</td></tr><tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="left" valign="top">A/Chicken/NJ/12220/97 (H9N2)</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="left" valign="top">H9/N2/FA virus</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">1.8 × 10<sup>6</sup></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">4.0/4.0</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">NA</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">NA</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">4.0</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">NA</td></tr><tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="left" valign="top">A/GWT/LA/169GW/88 (H10N7)</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="left" valign="top">N7/FA virus</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">5.2 × 10<sup>6</sup></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">NA/3.3</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">0.88 (H3)<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="t4fn3"><italic>c</italic></xref></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">NA</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">4.0</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">NA</td></tr><tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="left" valign="top">B/WI/629-1/2008</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="left" valign="top">NS gene</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">1.6 × 10<sup>2</sup></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">NA</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">NA</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">NA</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">NA</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="char" char="." valign="top">1.9</td></tr><tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="left" valign="top">A/Mallard/OH/338/86 (H4N8)</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="left" valign="top">FA virus</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">3.8 × 10<sup>6</sup></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">NA</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">NA</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">NA</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">4.0</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">NA</td></tr><tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="left" valign="top">A/Chicken/CA/431/00 (H6N2)</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="left" valign="top">N2/FA virus</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">1.4 × 10<sup>6</sup></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">N/4.0</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">NA</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">NA</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">4.0</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">NA</td></tr><tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="left" valign="top">A/Blue-Winged Teal/LA/B194/86 (H8N4)</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="left" valign="top">FA virus</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">6.9 × 10<sup>6</sup></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">NA</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">NA</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">NA</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">4.0</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">NA</td></tr><tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="left" valign="top">A/Chicken/NJ/15902-9/96 (H11N9)</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="left" valign="top">FA virus</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">1.6 × 10<sup>5</sup></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">NA</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">NA</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">NA</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">4.0</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">NA</td></tr><tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="left" valign="top">A/Duck/LA/188D/87 (H12N5)</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="left" valign="top">FA virus</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">2.3 × 10<sup>7</sup></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">NA</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">NA</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">NA</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">4.0</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">NA</td></tr><tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="left" valign="top">A/Gull/MD/704/77 (H13N6)</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="left" valign="top">FA virus</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">6.8 × 10<sup>6</sup></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">NA</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">NA</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">NA</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">4.0</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">NA</td></tr><tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="left" valign="top">A/Mallard/GurjevRussia/262/82 (H14N5)</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="left" valign="top">FA virus</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">2.2 × 10<sup>5</sup></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">NA</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">NA</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">NA</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">2.2</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">NA</td></tr><tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="left" valign="top">A/Shearwater/Australia/2576/79 (H15N9)</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="left" valign="top">FA virus</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">3.2 × 10<sup>6</sup></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">NA</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">NA</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">NA</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">4.0</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">NA</td></tr><tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="left" valign="top">A/Shorebird/DE/172/2006 (H16N3)</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="left" valign="top">FA virus</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">1.6 × 10<sup>2</sup><xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="t4fn4"><italic>d</italic></xref></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">NA</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">NA</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">NA</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">3.6</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">NA</td></tr></tbody></table><table-wrap-foot><fn id="t4fn1"><label>a</label><p>FA virus, influenza A virus.</p></fn><fn id="t4fn2"><label>b</label><p>Results are reported as the absorbance at 450 nm (the range is 0 to 4.0). NA, not applicable (no cross-reaction was detected for the specified probes).</p></fn><fn id="t4fn3"><label>c</label><p>Cross-reactivity was seen only at very high concentrations of H10. H3N7 has not been found in humans; therefore, positive detection of this combination or other unusual combinations would call for other tests for further verification.</p></fn><fn id="t4fn4"><label>d</label><p>The quantitation for H16N3 is expressed as TCID<sub>50</sub> per reaction.</p></fn></table-wrap-foot></table-wrap><table-wrap position="float" id="t5"><label>TABLE 5.</label><caption><p>LODs for RNA transcript controls and whole virus</p></caption><table frame="hsides" rules="groups"><thead><tr><th colspan="1" rowspan="2" align="center" valign="middle">Target</th><th colspan="2" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="bottom">LOD for controls
<hr></hr></th><th colspan="3" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="bottom">LOD for whole virus
<hr></hr></th></tr><tr><th colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="bottom">Copies/ml</th><th colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="bottom">Copies/reaction</th><th colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="bottom">TCID<sub>50</sub>/ml</th><th colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="bottom">TCID<sub>50</sub>/reaction</th><th colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="bottom">Copies/reaction</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="left" valign="top">H1</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">10<sup>2</sup></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">2 × 10<sup>0</sup></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="char" char="." valign="top">10<sup>0</sup></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">1.6 × 10<sup>−1</sup></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">2.94 × 10<sup>1</sup></td></tr><tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="left" valign="top">H2</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">10<sup>3</sup></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">2 × 10<sup>1</sup></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">NA<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="t5fn1"><italic>a</italic></xref></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">NA</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">1.5 × 10<sup>1</sup></td></tr><tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="left" valign="top">H3</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">10<sup>3</sup></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">2 × 10<sup>1</sup></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="char" char="." valign="top">10<sup>−2</sup></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">1.6 × 10<sup>−3</sup></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">1.5 × 10<sup>0</sup></td></tr><tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="left" valign="top">H5</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">10<sup>3</sup></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">2 × 10<sup>1</sup></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="char" char="." valign="top">10<sup>−2</sup></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">1.6 × 10<sup>−3</sup></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">2.2 × 10<sup>1</sup></td></tr><tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="left" valign="top">H7</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">10<sup>3</sup></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">2 × 10<sup>1</sup></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="char" char="." valign="top">10<sup>0</sup></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">1.6 × 10<sup>−1</sup></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">1.16 × 10<sup>2</sup></td></tr><tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="left" valign="top">H9</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">10<sup>2</sup></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">2 × 10<sup>0</sup></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="char" char="." valign="top">10<sup>−1</sup></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">1.6 × 10<sup>−2</sup></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">1.76 × 10<sup>1</sup></td></tr><tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="left" valign="top">N1 (human)</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">10<sup>3</sup></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">2 × 10<sup>1</sup></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="char" char="." valign="top">10<sup>−1</sup></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">1.6 × 10<sup>−2</sup></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">2.94 × 10<sup>0</sup></td></tr><tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="left" valign="top">N1 (animal)</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">10<sup>2</sup></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">2 × 10<sup>0</sup></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="char" char="." valign="top">10<sup>−2</sup></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">1.6 × 10<sup>−3</sup></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">2.2 × 10<sup>1</sup></td></tr><tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="left" valign="top">N2</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">10<sup>3</sup></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">2 × 10<sup>1</sup></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="char" char="." valign="top">10<sup>0</sup><xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="t5fn2"><italic>b</italic></xref></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">1.6 × 10<sup>−1</sup><xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="t5fn2"><italic>b</italic></xref></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">1.5 × 10<sup>0</sup><xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="t5fn2"><italic>b</italic></xref></td></tr><tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="left" valign="top">N7</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">10<sup>2</sup></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">2 × 10<sup>0</sup></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="char" char="." valign="top">10<sup>−2</sup></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">1.6 × 10<sup>−3</sup></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">5.2 × 10<sup>0</sup></td></tr><tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="left" valign="top">Influenza A virus M gene</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">10<sup>1</sup></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">2 × 10<sup>−1</sup></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="char" char="." valign="top">≤10<sup>−1</sup></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">≤1.6 × 10<sup>−2</sup></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">≤1.5 × 10<sup>1</sup></td></tr><tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="left" valign="top">Influenza B virus NS genes</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">10<sup>3</sup></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">2 × 10<sup>1</sup></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="char" char="." valign="top">10<sup>−1</sup></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">1.6 × 10<sup>−2</sup></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">1.0 × 10<sup>−1</sup></td></tr></tbody></table><table-wrap-foot><fn id="t5fn1"><label>a</label><p>NA, not applicable.</p></fn><fn id="t5fn2"><label>b</label><p>N2 data were obtained using the H9N2 strain.</p></fn></table-wrap-foot></table-wrap><table-wrap position="float" id="t6"><label>TABLE 6.</label><caption><p>Specificity panel of 24 common respiratory pathogens that gave negative results in the FluPlex assay</p></caption><table frame="hsides" rules="groups"><thead><tr><th colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="bottom">Organism<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="t6fn1"><italic>a</italic></xref></th><th colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="bottom">Concn</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="left" valign="top">HPIV-1</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="left" valign="top">5 × 10<sup>5</sup> TCID<sub>50</sub>/ml</td></tr><tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="left" valign="top">HPIV-2</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="left" valign="top">1 × 10<sup>6</sup> TCID<sub>50</sub>/ml</td></tr><tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="left" valign="top">HPIV-3</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="left" valign="top">1 × 10<sup>6</sup> TCID<sub>50</sub>/ml</td></tr><tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="left" valign="top">Rhinovirus type 1B</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="left" valign="top">1 × 10<sup>3</sup> TCID<sub>50</sub>/ml</td></tr><tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="left" valign="top">RSV-A</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="left" valign="top">1 × 10<sup>5</sup> TCID<sub>50</sub>/ml</td></tr><tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="left" valign="top">RSV-B</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="left" valign="top">1 × 10<sup>4</sup> TCID<sub>50</sub>/ml</td></tr><tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="left" valign="top">Enterovirus type 71</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="left" valign="top">1 × 10<sup>4</sup> TCID<sub>50</sub>/ml</td></tr><tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="left" valign="top">Human coronavirus OC43</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="left" valign="top">1 × 10<sup>5</sup> PFU/ml</td></tr><tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="left" valign="top">Human coronavirus 229E</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="left" valign="top">1 × 10<sup>4</sup> TCID<sub>50</sub>/ml</td></tr><tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="left" valign="top">Adenovirus type 3</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="left" valign="top">1 × 10<sup>6</sup> TCID<sub>50</sub>/ml</td></tr><tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="left" valign="top">Cytomegalovirus</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="left" valign="top">5 × 10<sup>4</sup> TCID<sub>50</sub>/ml</td></tr><tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="left" valign="top">EBV</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="left" valign="top">1 × 10<sup>−1</sup> dilution</td></tr><tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="left" valign="top">Herpes simplex virus type 1</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="left" valign="top">1 × 10<sup>5</sup> TCID<sub>50</sub>/ml</td></tr><tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="left" valign="top">Human metapneumovirus A1</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="left" valign="top">1 × 10<sup>5</sup> PFU/ml</td></tr><tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="left" valign="top">Human metapneumovirus A2</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="left" valign="top">1 × 10<sup>5</sup> PFU/ml</td></tr><tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="left" valign="top">Human metapneumovirus B1</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="left" valign="top">1 × 10<sup>5</sup> PFU/ml</td></tr><tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="left" valign="top"><italic>Mycoplasma pneumoniae</italic></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="left" valign="top">1 × 10<sup>5</sup> cells/ml</td></tr><tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="left" valign="top"><italic>Legionella pneumophila</italic></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="left" valign="top">1 × 10<sup>6</sup> cells/ml</td></tr><tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="left" valign="top"><italic>Legionella micdadei</italic></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="left" valign="top">1 × 10<sup>5</sup> cells/ml</td></tr><tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="left" valign="top"><italic>Bordetella pertussis</italic></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="left" valign="top">1 × 10<sup>6</sup> cells/ml</td></tr><tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="left" valign="top"><italic>Chlamydia pneumoniae</italic></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="left" valign="top">5 × 10<sup>4</sup> TCID<sub>50</sub>/ml</td></tr><tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="left" valign="top"><italic>Eikenella corrodens</italic></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="left" valign="top">1 × 10<sup>3</sup> to 1 × 10<sup>−4</sup> CFU/ml</td></tr><tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="left" valign="top"><italic>Staphylococcus pneumoniae</italic></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="left" valign="top">1 × 10<sup>6</sup> CFU/ml</td></tr><tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="left" valign="top"><italic>Staphylococcus aureus</italic></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="left" valign="top">5 × 10<sup>2</sup> cells/ml</td></tr></tbody></table><table-wrap-foot><fn id="t6fn1"><label>a</label><p>HPIV-1 and HPIV-2, human parainfluenza virus types 1 and 2; EBV, Epstein-Barr virus.</p></fn></table-wrap-foot></table-wrap><table-wrap position="float" id="t7"><label>TABLE 7.</label><caption><p>Comparison of FluPlex to other molecular tests for rapid subtyping of influenza virus<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="t7fn1"><italic>a</italic></xref></p></caption><table frame="hsides" rules="groups"><thead><tr><th colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="bottom">Sample identification by other molecular test(s) (no. of samples)</th><th colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="bottom">% Positive agreement with FluPlex results (<italic>n</italic> = 206) (95% CI)</th><th colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="bottom">% Negative agreement with FluPlex results (<italic>n</italic> = 206) (95% CI)</th><th colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="bottom">% Negative agreement after posttest discrepancy analysis</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="left" valign="top">Influenza A virus<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="t7fn2"><italic>b</italic></xref> (179)</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">100 (98-100)</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">100 (87-100)</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="left" valign="top">H1N1<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="t7fn3"><italic>c</italic></xref> (human) (62)</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">100 (93-100)</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">97 (94-98)</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="char" char="." valign="top">98</td></tr><tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="left" valign="top">H1N1<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="t7fn4"><italic>d</italic></xref> (S-OIV) (110)</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">100 (97-100)</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">100 (99-100)</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="left" valign="top">H3N2 (6)</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">100 (54-100)</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">100 (99-100)</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="left" valign="top">Influenza B virus (3)</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">100 (29-100)</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">100 (98-100)</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="left" valign="top">Negative (24)</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top"></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top">100 (99-100)</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" valign="top"></td></tr></tbody></table><table-wrap-foot><fn id="t7fn1"><label>a</label><p>A group of 179 influenza A virus-positive clinical specimens collected before and during the spring 2009 outbreak of S-OIV infection in Milwaukee, WI, were tested by the FluPlex and other molecular tests. The subtype of one sample was not determined. Twenty-three clinical samples were blindly tested by the WI SLH using the CDC LRN influenza virus typing and subtyping assays, including the CDC S-OIV assay. The WI SLH results showed 100% concordance with the FluPlex results. Four of 4 samples were confirmed to be positive for human H1N1 virus, and 19 of 19 were confirmed to be positive for S-OIV.</p></fn><fn id="t7fn2"><label>b</label><p>The other molecular tests used were two validated in-house influenza A virus assays (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="r2">2</xref>; Beck et al., unpublished) and Dynacare Laboratories (Milwaukee, WI) assays.</p></fn><fn id="t7fn3"><label>c</label><p>The other molecular test used was a validated in-house influenza A virus molecular subtyping assay with different genetic targets (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="r2">2</xref>).</p></fn><fn id="t7fn4"><label>d</label><p>The other molecular test used was an in-house-developed molecular assay for HA of S-OIV (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="r2">2</xref>).</p></fn></table-wrap-foot></table-wrap></floats-wrap></pmc><affiliations><list></list><tree><noCountry><name sortKey="Beck, Eric T" sort="Beck, Eric T" uniqKey="Beck E" first="Eric T." last="Beck">Eric T. Beck</name><name sortKey="Bose, Michael E" sort="Bose, Michael E" uniqKey="Bose M" first="Michael E." last="Bose">Michael E. Bose</name><name sortKey="Fan, Jiang" sort="Fan, Jiang" uniqKey="Fan J" first="Jiang" last="Fan">Jiang Fan</name><name sortKey="He, Jie" sort="He, Jie" uniqKey="He J" first="Jie" last="He">Jie He</name><name sortKey="Henrickson, Kelly J" sort="Henrickson, Kelly J" uniqKey="Henrickson K" first="Kelly J." last="Henrickson">Kelly J. Henrickson</name><name sortKey="Jurgens, Lisa A" sort="Jurgens, Lisa A" uniqKey="Jurgens L" first="Lisa A." last="Jurgens">Lisa A. Jurgens</name><name sortKey="Kehl, Sue C" sort="Kehl, Sue C" uniqKey="Kehl S" first="Sue C." last="Kehl">Sue C. Kehl</name><name sortKey="Kumar, Swati" sort="Kumar, Swati" uniqKey="Kumar S" first="Swati" last="Kumar">Swati Kumar</name><name sortKey="Ledeboer, Nathan" sort="Ledeboer, Nathan" uniqKey="Ledeboer N" first="Nathan" last="Ledeboer">Nathan Ledeboer</name><name sortKey="Metallo, Jacob" sort="Metallo, Jacob" uniqKey="Metallo J" first="Jacob" last="Metallo">Jacob Metallo</name><name sortKey="Tiwari, Sagarika" sort="Tiwari, Sagarika" uniqKey="Tiwari S" first="Sagarika" last="Tiwari">Sagarika Tiwari</name><name sortKey="Weisburg, William" sort="Weisburg, William" uniqKey="Weisburg W" first="William" last="Weisburg">William Weisburg</name></noCountry></tree></affiliations></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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