Antigenic and Genetic Characteristics of the Early Isolates of Swine-Origin 2009 A(H1N1) Influenza Viruses Circulating in Humans*
Identifieur interne : 000375 ( Ncbi/Merge ); précédent : 000374; suivant : 000376Antigenic and Genetic Characteristics of the Early Isolates of Swine-Origin 2009 A(H1N1) Influenza Viruses Circulating in Humans*
Auteurs : Rebecca J. Garten [États-Unis] ; C. Todd Davis [États-Unis] ; Colin A. Russell [Royaume-Uni, États-Unis] ; Bo Shu [États-Unis] ; Stephen Lindstrom [États-Unis] ; Amanda Balish [États-Unis] ; Wendy M. Sessions [États-Unis] ; Xiyan Xu [États-Unis] ; Eugene Skepner [Royaume-Uni] ; Varough Deyde [États-Unis] ; Margaret Okomo-Adhiambo [États-Unis] ; Larisa Gubareva [États-Unis] ; John Barnes [États-Unis] ; Catherine B. Smith [États-Unis] ; Shannon L. Emery [États-Unis] ; Michael J. Hillman [États-Unis] ; Pierre Rivailler [États-Unis] ; James Smagala [États-Unis] ; Miranda De Graaf [Royaume-Uni] ; David F. Burke [Royaume-Uni] ; Ron A. M. Fouchier ; Claudia Pappas [États-Unis] ; Celia M. Alpuche-Aranda ; Hugo L Pez-Gatell ; Hiram Olivera ; Irma L Pez ; Christopher A. Myers [États-Unis] ; Dennis Faix [États-Unis] ; Patrick J. Blair [États-Unis] ; Cindy Yu [États-Unis] ; Kimberly M. Keene [États-Unis] ; P. David Dotson ; David Boxrud [États-Unis] ; Anthony R. Sambol [États-Unis] ; Syed H. Abid [États-Unis] ; Kirsten St. George [États-Unis] ; Tammy Bannerman [États-Unis] ; Amanda L. Moore [États-Unis] ; David J. Stringer [États-Unis] ; Patricia Blevins [États-Unis] ; Gail J. Demmler-Harrison [États-Unis] ; Michele Ginsberg [États-Unis] ; Paula Kriner [États-Unis] ; Sandra Smole [États-Unis] ; Hugo F. Guevara [États-Unis] ; Edward A. Belongia [États-Unis] ; Patricia A. Clark [États-Unis] ; Sara T. Beatrice [États-Unis] ; Ruben Donis [États-Unis] ; Jacqueline Katz [États-Unis] ; Lyn Finelli [États-Unis] ; Carolyn B. Bridges [États-Unis] ; Michael Shaw [États-Unis] ; Daniel B. Jernigan [États-Unis] ; Timothy M. Uyeki [États-Unis] ; Derek J. Smith [Royaume-Uni, États-Unis] ; Alexander I. Klimov [États-Unis] ; Nancy J. Cox [États-Unis]Source :
- Science (New York, N.Y.) [ 0036-8075 ] ; 2009.
Abstract
Since its identification in April 2009 an A(H1N1) virus containing a unique combination of gene segments from both North American and Eurasian swine lineages has continued to circulate in humans. The 2009 A(H1N1) virus is distantly related to its nearest relatives, indicating that its gene segments have been circulating undetected for an extended period. Low genetic diversity among the viruses suggests the introduction into humans was a single event or multiple events of similar viruses. Molecular markers predicted for adaptation to humans are not currently present in 2009 A(H1N1) viruses, suggesting previously unrecognized molecular determinants could be responsible for the transmission among humans. Antigenically the viruses are homogeneous and similar to North American swine A(H1N1) viruses but distinct from seasonal human A(H1N1).
Url:
DOI: 10.1126/science.1176225
PubMed: 19465683
PubMed Central: 3250984
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<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>San Diego Public Health Laboratory</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Kriner, Paula" sort="Kriner, Paula" uniqKey="Kriner P" first="Paula" last="Kriner">Paula Kriner</name>
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<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Imperial County Public Health Department</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Smole, Sandra" sort="Smole, Sandra" uniqKey="Smole S" first="Sandra" last="Smole">Sandra Smole</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A22">William A Hinton State Laboratory Institute Massachusetts Department of Public Health, USA</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>William A Hinton State Laboratory Institute Massachusetts Department of Public Health</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Guevara, Hugo F" sort="Guevara, Hugo F" uniqKey="Guevara H" first="Hugo F." last="Guevara">Hugo F. Guevara</name>
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<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>California Department of Public Health, Viral and Rickettsial Disease Laboratory</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Viral and Rickettsial Disease Laboratory</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Belongia, Edward A" sort="Belongia, Edward A" uniqKey="Belongia E" first="Edward A." last="Belongia">Edward A. Belongia</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A24">Marshfield Clinic Research Foundation, USA</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Marshfield Clinic Research Foundation</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Clark, Patricia A" sort="Clark, Patricia A" uniqKey="Clark P" first="Patricia A." last="Clark">Patricia A. Clark</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A25">Michigan Department of Community Health, USA</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Michigan Department of Community Health</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Beatrice, Sara T" sort="Beatrice, Sara T" uniqKey="Beatrice S" first="Sara T." last="Beatrice">Sara T. Beatrice</name>
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<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Public Health Laboratory, NYC Department of Health and Mental Hygiene</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">État de New York</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Donis, Ruben" sort="Donis, Ruben" uniqKey="Donis R" first="Ruben" last="Donis">Ruben Donis</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A1">WHO Collaborating Center for Influenza, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, USA</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>WHO Collaborating Center for Influenza, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Katz, Jacqueline" sort="Katz, Jacqueline" uniqKey="Katz J" first="Jacqueline" last="Katz">Jacqueline Katz</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A1">WHO Collaborating Center for Influenza, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, USA</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>WHO Collaborating Center for Influenza, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Finelli, Lyn" sort="Finelli, Lyn" uniqKey="Finelli L" first="Lyn" last="Finelli">Lyn Finelli</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A1">WHO Collaborating Center for Influenza, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, USA</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>WHO Collaborating Center for Influenza, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Bridges, Carolyn B" sort="Bridges, Carolyn B" uniqKey="Bridges C" first="Carolyn B." last="Bridges">Carolyn B. Bridges</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A1">WHO Collaborating Center for Influenza, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, USA</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>WHO Collaborating Center for Influenza, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Shaw, Michael" sort="Shaw, Michael" uniqKey="Shaw M" first="Michael" last="Shaw">Michael Shaw</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A1">WHO Collaborating Center for Influenza, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, USA</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>WHO Collaborating Center for Influenza, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Jernigan, Daniel B" sort="Jernigan, Daniel B" uniqKey="Jernigan D" first="Daniel B." last="Jernigan">Daniel B. Jernigan</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A1">WHO Collaborating Center for Influenza, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, USA</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>WHO Collaborating Center for Influenza, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Uyeki, Timothy M" sort="Uyeki, Timothy M" uniqKey="Uyeki T" first="Timothy M." last="Uyeki">Timothy M. Uyeki</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A1">WHO Collaborating Center for Influenza, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, USA</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>WHO Collaborating Center for Influenza, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Smith, Derek J" sort="Smith, Derek J" uniqKey="Smith D" first="Derek J." last="Smith">Derek J. Smith</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="A2">Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, UK</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Cambridge</settlement>
<region type="country">Angleterre</region>
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</placeName>
<orgName type="university">Université de Cambridge</orgName>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A3">Fogarty International Center, National Institutes of Health, USA</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Fogarty International Center, National Institutes of Health</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>National Institutes of Health</wicri:noRegion>
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<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A4">Department of Virology, Erasmus Medical Center, NL</nlm:aff>
<wicri:noCountry code="subfield">NL</wicri:noCountry>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Klimov, Alexander I" sort="Klimov, Alexander I" uniqKey="Klimov A" first="Alexander I." last="Klimov">Alexander I. Klimov</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A1">WHO Collaborating Center for Influenza, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, USA</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>WHO Collaborating Center for Influenza, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Cox, Nancy J" sort="Cox, Nancy J" uniqKey="Cox N" first="Nancy J." last="Cox">Nancy J. Cox</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A1">WHO Collaborating Center for Influenza, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, USA</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>WHO Collaborating Center for Influenza, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
</titleStmt>
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<sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">Antigenic and Genetic Characteristics of the Early Isolates of Swine-Origin 2009 A(H1N1) Influenza Viruses Circulating in Humans<xref rid="FN2" ref-type="fn">*</xref>
</title>
<author><name sortKey="Garten, Rebecca J" sort="Garten, Rebecca J" uniqKey="Garten R" first="Rebecca J." last="Garten">Rebecca J. Garten</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A1">WHO Collaborating Center for Influenza, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, USA</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>WHO Collaborating Center for Influenza, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Davis, C Todd" sort="Davis, C Todd" uniqKey="Davis C" first="C. Todd" last="Davis">C. Todd Davis</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A1">WHO Collaborating Center for Influenza, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, USA</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>WHO Collaborating Center for Influenza, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Russell, Colin A" sort="Russell, Colin A" uniqKey="Russell C" first="Colin A." last="Russell">Colin A. Russell</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="A2">Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, UK</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Cambridge</settlement>
<region type="country">Angleterre</region>
<region type="région" nuts="1">Angleterre de l'Est</region>
</placeName>
<orgName type="university">Université de Cambridge</orgName>
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<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A3">Fogarty International Center, National Institutes of Health, USA</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Fogarty International Center, National Institutes of Health</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>National Institutes of Health</wicri:noRegion>
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</author>
<author><name sortKey="Shu, Bo" sort="Shu, Bo" uniqKey="Shu B" first="Bo" last="Shu">Bo Shu</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A1">WHO Collaborating Center for Influenza, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, USA</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>WHO Collaborating Center for Influenza, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Lindstrom, Stephen" sort="Lindstrom, Stephen" uniqKey="Lindstrom S" first="Stephen" last="Lindstrom">Stephen Lindstrom</name>
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<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>WHO Collaborating Center for Influenza, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Balish, Amanda" sort="Balish, Amanda" uniqKey="Balish A" first="Amanda" last="Balish">Amanda Balish</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A1">WHO Collaborating Center for Influenza, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, USA</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>WHO Collaborating Center for Influenza, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Sessions, Wendy M" sort="Sessions, Wendy M" uniqKey="Sessions W" first="Wendy M." last="Sessions">Wendy M. Sessions</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A1">WHO Collaborating Center for Influenza, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, USA</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>WHO Collaborating Center for Influenza, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Xu, Xiyan" sort="Xu, Xiyan" uniqKey="Xu X" first="Xiyan" last="Xu">Xiyan Xu</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A1">WHO Collaborating Center for Influenza, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, USA</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>WHO Collaborating Center for Influenza, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Skepner, Eugene" sort="Skepner, Eugene" uniqKey="Skepner E" first="Eugene" last="Skepner">Eugene Skepner</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="A2">Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, UK</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Cambridge</settlement>
<region type="country">Angleterre</region>
<region type="région" nuts="1">Angleterre de l'Est</region>
</placeName>
<orgName type="university">Université de Cambridge</orgName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Deyde, Varough" sort="Deyde, Varough" uniqKey="Deyde V" first="Varough" last="Deyde">Varough Deyde</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A1">WHO Collaborating Center for Influenza, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, USA</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>WHO Collaborating Center for Influenza, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Okomo Adhiambo, Margaret" sort="Okomo Adhiambo, Margaret" uniqKey="Okomo Adhiambo M" first="Margaret" last="Okomo-Adhiambo">Margaret Okomo-Adhiambo</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A1">WHO Collaborating Center for Influenza, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, USA</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>WHO Collaborating Center for Influenza, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Gubareva, Larisa" sort="Gubareva, Larisa" uniqKey="Gubareva L" first="Larisa" last="Gubareva">Larisa Gubareva</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A1">WHO Collaborating Center for Influenza, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, USA</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>WHO Collaborating Center for Influenza, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Barnes, John" sort="Barnes, John" uniqKey="Barnes J" first="John" last="Barnes">John Barnes</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A1">WHO Collaborating Center for Influenza, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, USA</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>WHO Collaborating Center for Influenza, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Smith, Catherine B" sort="Smith, Catherine B" uniqKey="Smith C" first="Catherine B." last="Smith">Catherine B. Smith</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A1">WHO Collaborating Center for Influenza, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, USA</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>WHO Collaborating Center for Influenza, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Emery, Shannon L" sort="Emery, Shannon L" uniqKey="Emery S" first="Shannon L." last="Emery">Shannon L. Emery</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A1">WHO Collaborating Center for Influenza, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, USA</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>WHO Collaborating Center for Influenza, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Hillman, Michael J" sort="Hillman, Michael J" uniqKey="Hillman M" first="Michael J." last="Hillman">Michael J. Hillman</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A1">WHO Collaborating Center for Influenza, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, USA</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>WHO Collaborating Center for Influenza, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Rivailler, Pierre" sort="Rivailler, Pierre" uniqKey="Rivailler P" first="Pierre" last="Rivailler">Pierre Rivailler</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A1">WHO Collaborating Center for Influenza, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, USA</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>WHO Collaborating Center for Influenza, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Smagala, James" sort="Smagala, James" uniqKey="Smagala J" first="James" last="Smagala">James Smagala</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A1">WHO Collaborating Center for Influenza, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, USA</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>WHO Collaborating Center for Influenza, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="De Graaf, Miranda" sort="De Graaf, Miranda" uniqKey="De Graaf M" first="Miranda" last="De Graaf">Miranda De Graaf</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="A2">Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, UK</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Cambridge</settlement>
<region type="country">Angleterre</region>
<region type="région" nuts="1">Angleterre de l'Est</region>
</placeName>
<orgName type="university">Université de Cambridge</orgName>
</affiliation>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A4">Department of Virology, Erasmus Medical Center, NL</nlm:aff>
<wicri:noCountry code="subfield">NL</wicri:noCountry>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Burke, David F" sort="Burke, David F" uniqKey="Burke D" first="David F." last="Burke">David F. Burke</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="A2">Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, UK</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Cambridge</settlement>
<region type="country">Angleterre</region>
<region type="région" nuts="1">Angleterre de l'Est</region>
</placeName>
<orgName type="university">Université de Cambridge</orgName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Fouchier, Ron A M" sort="Fouchier, Ron A M" uniqKey="Fouchier R" first="Ron A. M." last="Fouchier">Ron A. M. Fouchier</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A4">Department of Virology, Erasmus Medical Center, NL</nlm:aff>
<wicri:noCountry code="subfield">NL</wicri:noCountry>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Pappas, Claudia" sort="Pappas, Claudia" uniqKey="Pappas C" first="Claudia" last="Pappas">Claudia Pappas</name>
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<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>WHO Collaborating Center for Influenza, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Alpuche Aranda, Celia M" sort="Alpuche Aranda, Celia M" uniqKey="Alpuche Aranda C" first="Celia M." last="Alpuche-Aranda">Celia M. Alpuche-Aranda</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A5">Instituto de Diagnóstico y Referencia Epidemiológicos (InDRE) Prolongación de Carpio, México, DF</nlm:aff>
<wicri:noCountry code="subfield">DF</wicri:noCountry>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="L Pez Gatell, Hugo" sort="L Pez Gatell, Hugo" uniqKey="L Pez Gatell H" first="Hugo" last="L Pez-Gatell">Hugo L Pez-Gatell</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A5">Instituto de Diagnóstico y Referencia Epidemiológicos (InDRE) Prolongación de Carpio, México, DF</nlm:aff>
<wicri:noCountry code="subfield">DF</wicri:noCountry>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Olivera, Hiram" sort="Olivera, Hiram" uniqKey="Olivera H" first="Hiram" last="Olivera">Hiram Olivera</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A5">Instituto de Diagnóstico y Referencia Epidemiológicos (InDRE) Prolongación de Carpio, México, DF</nlm:aff>
<wicri:noCountry code="subfield">DF</wicri:noCountry>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="L Pez, Irma" sort="L Pez, Irma" uniqKey="L Pez I" first="Irma" last="L Pez">Irma L Pez</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A5">Instituto de Diagnóstico y Referencia Epidemiológicos (InDRE) Prolongación de Carpio, México, DF</nlm:aff>
<wicri:noCountry code="subfield">DF</wicri:noCountry>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Myers, Christopher A" sort="Myers, Christopher A" uniqKey="Myers C" first="Christopher A." last="Myers">Christopher A. Myers</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A6">Naval Health Research Center, USA</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Naval Health Research Center</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Faix, Dennis" sort="Faix, Dennis" uniqKey="Faix D" first="Dennis" last="Faix">Dennis Faix</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A6">Naval Health Research Center, USA</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Naval Health Research Center</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Blair, Patrick J" sort="Blair, Patrick J" uniqKey="Blair P" first="Patrick J." last="Blair">Patrick J. Blair</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A6">Naval Health Research Center, USA</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Naval Health Research Center</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Yu, Cindy" sort="Yu, Cindy" uniqKey="Yu C" first="Cindy" last="Yu">Cindy Yu</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A7">Arizona State Public Health Laboratory, USA</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Arizona State Public Health Laboratory</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Keene, Kimberly M" sort="Keene, Kimberly M" uniqKey="Keene K" first="Kimberly M." last="Keene">Kimberly M. Keene</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A8">Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment, USA</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Dotson, P David" sort="Dotson, P David" uniqKey="Dotson P" first="P. David" last="Dotson">P. David Dotson</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A9">Indiana State Department of Health Laboratories</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Boxrud, David" sort="Boxrud, David" uniqKey="Boxrud D" first="David" last="Boxrud">David Boxrud</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A10">Public Health Laboratory, Minnesota Department of Health, USA</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Public Health Laboratory, Minnesota Department of Health</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Minnesota Department of Health</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Sambol, Anthony R" sort="Sambol, Anthony R" uniqKey="Sambol A" first="Anthony R." last="Sambol">Anthony R. Sambol</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A11">Nebraska Public Health Laboratory, USA</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Nebraska Public Health Laboratory</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Abid, Syed H" sort="Abid, Syed H" uniqKey="Abid S" first="Syed H." last="Abid">Syed H. Abid</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A12">Westchester County Department of Laboratories & Research Public Health Laboratories, USA</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Westchester County Department of Laboratories & Research Public Health Laboratories</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="George, Kirsten St" sort="George, Kirsten St" uniqKey="George K" first="Kirsten St." last="George">Kirsten St. George</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A13">Wadsworth Center, New York State Dept of Health, USA</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Wadsworth Center, New York State Dept of Health</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>New York State Dept of Health</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Bannerman, Tammy" sort="Bannerman, Tammy" uniqKey="Bannerman T" first="Tammy" last="Bannerman">Tammy Bannerman</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A14">Ohio Department of Health Laboratory, USA</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Ohio Department of Health Laboratory</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Moore, Amanda L" sort="Moore, Amanda L" uniqKey="Moore A" first="Amanda L." last="Moore">Amanda L. Moore</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A15">South Carolina Department of Health and Environmental Control, USA</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>South Carolina Department of Health and Environmental Control</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Stringer, David J" sort="Stringer, David J" uniqKey="Stringer D" first="David J." last="Stringer">David J. Stringer</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A16">Dallas County Health and Human Services, USA</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Dallas County Health and Human Services</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Blevins, Patricia" sort="Blevins, Patricia" uniqKey="Blevins P" first="Patricia" last="Blevins">Patricia Blevins</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A17">San Antonio Metro Health District, USA</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>San Antonio Metro Health District</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Demmler Harrison, Gail J" sort="Demmler Harrison, Gail J" uniqKey="Demmler Harrison G" first="Gail J." last="Demmler-Harrison">Gail J. Demmler-Harrison</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A18">Diagnostic Virology Laboratory, Texas Children's Hospital, USA</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Diagnostic Virology Laboratory, Texas Children's Hospital</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Texas Children's Hospital</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ginsberg, Michele" sort="Ginsberg, Michele" uniqKey="Ginsberg M" first="Michele" last="Ginsberg">Michele Ginsberg</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A19">San Diego Public Health Laboratory, USA</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>San Diego Public Health Laboratory</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Kriner, Paula" sort="Kriner, Paula" uniqKey="Kriner P" first="Paula" last="Kriner">Paula Kriner</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A20">Imperial County Public Health Department, USA</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Imperial County Public Health Department</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Smole, Sandra" sort="Smole, Sandra" uniqKey="Smole S" first="Sandra" last="Smole">Sandra Smole</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A22">William A Hinton State Laboratory Institute Massachusetts Department of Public Health, USA</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>William A Hinton State Laboratory Institute Massachusetts Department of Public Health</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Guevara, Hugo F" sort="Guevara, Hugo F" uniqKey="Guevara H" first="Hugo F." last="Guevara">Hugo F. Guevara</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A23">California Department of Public Health, Viral and Rickettsial Disease Laboratory, USA</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>California Department of Public Health, Viral and Rickettsial Disease Laboratory</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Viral and Rickettsial Disease Laboratory</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Belongia, Edward A" sort="Belongia, Edward A" uniqKey="Belongia E" first="Edward A." last="Belongia">Edward A. Belongia</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A24">Marshfield Clinic Research Foundation, USA</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Marshfield Clinic Research Foundation</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Clark, Patricia A" sort="Clark, Patricia A" uniqKey="Clark P" first="Patricia A." last="Clark">Patricia A. Clark</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A25">Michigan Department of Community Health, USA</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Michigan Department of Community Health</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Beatrice, Sara T" sort="Beatrice, Sara T" uniqKey="Beatrice S" first="Sara T." last="Beatrice">Sara T. Beatrice</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="A26">Public Health Laboratory, NYC Department of Health and Mental Hygiene, USA</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Public Health Laboratory, NYC Department of Health and Mental Hygiene</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">État de New York</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Donis, Ruben" sort="Donis, Ruben" uniqKey="Donis R" first="Ruben" last="Donis">Ruben Donis</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A1">WHO Collaborating Center for Influenza, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, USA</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>WHO Collaborating Center for Influenza, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Katz, Jacqueline" sort="Katz, Jacqueline" uniqKey="Katz J" first="Jacqueline" last="Katz">Jacqueline Katz</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A1">WHO Collaborating Center for Influenza, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, USA</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>WHO Collaborating Center for Influenza, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Finelli, Lyn" sort="Finelli, Lyn" uniqKey="Finelli L" first="Lyn" last="Finelli">Lyn Finelli</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A1">WHO Collaborating Center for Influenza, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, USA</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>WHO Collaborating Center for Influenza, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Bridges, Carolyn B" sort="Bridges, Carolyn B" uniqKey="Bridges C" first="Carolyn B." last="Bridges">Carolyn B. Bridges</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A1">WHO Collaborating Center for Influenza, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, USA</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>WHO Collaborating Center for Influenza, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Shaw, Michael" sort="Shaw, Michael" uniqKey="Shaw M" first="Michael" last="Shaw">Michael Shaw</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A1">WHO Collaborating Center for Influenza, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, USA</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>WHO Collaborating Center for Influenza, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Jernigan, Daniel B" sort="Jernigan, Daniel B" uniqKey="Jernigan D" first="Daniel B." last="Jernigan">Daniel B. Jernigan</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A1">WHO Collaborating Center for Influenza, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, USA</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>WHO Collaborating Center for Influenza, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Uyeki, Timothy M" sort="Uyeki, Timothy M" uniqKey="Uyeki T" first="Timothy M." last="Uyeki">Timothy M. Uyeki</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A1">WHO Collaborating Center for Influenza, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, USA</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>WHO Collaborating Center for Influenza, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Smith, Derek J" sort="Smith, Derek J" uniqKey="Smith D" first="Derek J." last="Smith">Derek J. Smith</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="A2">Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, UK</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Cambridge</settlement>
<region type="country">Angleterre</region>
<region type="région" nuts="1">Angleterre de l'Est</region>
</placeName>
<orgName type="university">Université de Cambridge</orgName>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A3">Fogarty International Center, National Institutes of Health, USA</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Fogarty International Center, National Institutes of Health</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>National Institutes of Health</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A4">Department of Virology, Erasmus Medical Center, NL</nlm:aff>
<wicri:noCountry code="subfield">NL</wicri:noCountry>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Klimov, Alexander I" sort="Klimov, Alexander I" uniqKey="Klimov A" first="Alexander I." last="Klimov">Alexander I. Klimov</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A1">WHO Collaborating Center for Influenza, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, USA</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>WHO Collaborating Center for Influenza, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Cox, Nancy J" sort="Cox, Nancy J" uniqKey="Cox N" first="Nancy J." last="Cox">Nancy J. Cox</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A1">WHO Collaborating Center for Influenza, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, USA</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>WHO Collaborating Center for Influenza, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
</analytic>
<series><title level="j">Science (New York, N.Y.)</title>
<idno type="ISSN">0036-8075</idno>
<idno type="eISSN">1095-9203</idno>
<imprint><date when="2009">2009</date>
</imprint>
</series>
</biblStruct>
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<front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p id="P1">Since its identification in April 2009 an A(H1N1) virus containing a unique combination of gene segments from both North American and Eurasian swine lineages has continued to circulate in humans. The 2009 A(H1N1) virus is distantly related to its nearest relatives, indicating that its gene segments have been circulating undetected for an extended period. Low genetic diversity among the viruses suggests the introduction into humans was a single event or multiple events of similar viruses. Molecular markers predicted for adaptation to humans are not currently present in 2009 A(H1N1) viruses, suggesting previously unrecognized molecular determinants could be responsible for the transmission among humans. Antigenically the viruses are homogeneous and similar to North American swine A(H1N1) viruses but distinct from seasonal human A(H1N1).</p>
</div>
</front>
</TEI>
<pmc article-type="research-article" xml:lang="en"><pmc-comment>The publisher of this article does not allow downloading of the full text in XML form.</pmc-comment>
<pmc-dir>properties manuscript</pmc-dir>
<front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-journal-id">0404511</journal-id>
<journal-id journal-id-type="pubmed-jr-id">7473</journal-id>
<journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Science</journal-id>
<journal-title-group><journal-title>Science (New York, N.Y.)</journal-title>
</journal-title-group>
<issn pub-type="ppub">0036-8075</issn>
<issn pub-type="epub">1095-9203</issn>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="pmid">19465683</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="pmc">3250984</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1126/science.1176225</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="manuscript">NIHMS335099</article-id>
<article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Article</subject>
</subj-group>
</article-categories>
<title-group><article-title>Antigenic and Genetic Characteristics of the Early Isolates of Swine-Origin 2009 A(H1N1) Influenza Viruses Circulating in Humans<xref rid="FN2" ref-type="fn">*</xref>
</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Garten</surname>
<given-names>Rebecca J.</given-names>
</name>
<xref rid="FN1" ref-type="author-notes">*</xref>
<xref rid="A1" ref-type="aff">1</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Davis</surname>
<given-names>C. Todd</given-names>
</name>
<xref rid="FN1" ref-type="author-notes">*</xref>
<xref rid="A1" ref-type="aff">1</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Russell</surname>
<given-names>Colin A.</given-names>
</name>
<xref rid="A2" ref-type="aff">2</xref>
<xref rid="A3" ref-type="aff">3</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Shu</surname>
<given-names>Bo</given-names>
</name>
<xref rid="A1" ref-type="aff">1</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Lindstrom</surname>
<given-names>Stephen</given-names>
</name>
<xref rid="A1" ref-type="aff">1</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Balish</surname>
<given-names>Amanda</given-names>
</name>
<xref rid="A1" ref-type="aff">1</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Sessions</surname>
<given-names>Wendy M.</given-names>
</name>
<xref rid="A1" ref-type="aff">1</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Xu</surname>
<given-names>Xiyan</given-names>
</name>
<xref rid="A1" ref-type="aff">1</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Skepner</surname>
<given-names>Eugene</given-names>
</name>
<xref rid="A2" ref-type="aff">2</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Deyde</surname>
<given-names>Varough</given-names>
</name>
<xref rid="A1" ref-type="aff">1</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Okomo-Adhiambo</surname>
<given-names>Margaret</given-names>
</name>
<xref rid="A1" ref-type="aff">1</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Gubareva</surname>
<given-names>Larisa</given-names>
</name>
<xref rid="A1" ref-type="aff">1</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Barnes</surname>
<given-names>John</given-names>
</name>
<xref rid="A1" ref-type="aff">1</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Smith</surname>
<given-names>Catherine B.</given-names>
</name>
<xref rid="A1" ref-type="aff">1</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Emery</surname>
<given-names>Shannon L.</given-names>
</name>
<xref rid="A1" ref-type="aff">1</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Hillman</surname>
<given-names>Michael J.</given-names>
</name>
<xref rid="A1" ref-type="aff">1</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Rivailler</surname>
<given-names>Pierre</given-names>
</name>
<xref rid="A1" ref-type="aff">1</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Smagala</surname>
<given-names>James</given-names>
</name>
<xref rid="A1" ref-type="aff">1</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>de Graaf</surname>
<given-names>Miranda</given-names>
</name>
<xref rid="A2" ref-type="aff">2</xref>
<xref rid="A4" ref-type="aff">4</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Burke</surname>
<given-names>David F.</given-names>
</name>
<xref rid="A2" ref-type="aff">2</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Fouchier</surname>
<given-names>Ron A. M.</given-names>
</name>
<xref rid="A4" ref-type="aff">4</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Pappas</surname>
<given-names>Claudia</given-names>
</name>
<xref rid="A1" ref-type="aff">1</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Alpuche-Aranda</surname>
<given-names>Celia M.</given-names>
</name>
<xref rid="A5" ref-type="aff">5</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>López-Gatell</surname>
<given-names>Hugo</given-names>
</name>
<xref rid="A5" ref-type="aff">5</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Olivera</surname>
<given-names>Hiram</given-names>
</name>
<xref rid="A5" ref-type="aff">5</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>López</surname>
<given-names>Irma</given-names>
</name>
<xref rid="A5" ref-type="aff">5</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Myers</surname>
<given-names>Christopher A.</given-names>
</name>
<xref rid="A6" ref-type="aff">6</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Faix</surname>
<given-names>Dennis</given-names>
</name>
<xref rid="A6" ref-type="aff">6</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Blair</surname>
<given-names>Patrick J.</given-names>
</name>
<xref rid="A6" ref-type="aff">6</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Yu</surname>
<given-names>Cindy</given-names>
</name>
<xref rid="A7" ref-type="aff">7</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Keene</surname>
<given-names>Kimberly M.</given-names>
</name>
<xref rid="A8" ref-type="aff">8</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Dotson</surname>
<given-names>P. David</given-names>
<suffix>Jr.</suffix>
</name>
<xref rid="A9" ref-type="aff">9</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Boxrud</surname>
<given-names>David</given-names>
</name>
<xref rid="A10" ref-type="aff">10</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Sambol</surname>
<given-names>Anthony R.</given-names>
</name>
<xref rid="A11" ref-type="aff">11</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Abid</surname>
<given-names>Syed H.</given-names>
</name>
<xref rid="A12" ref-type="aff">12</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>George</surname>
<given-names>Kirsten St.</given-names>
</name>
<xref rid="A13" ref-type="aff">13</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Bannerman</surname>
<given-names>Tammy</given-names>
</name>
<xref rid="A14" ref-type="aff">14</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Moore</surname>
<given-names>Amanda L.</given-names>
</name>
<xref rid="A15" ref-type="aff">15</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Stringer</surname>
<given-names>David J.</given-names>
</name>
<xref rid="A16" ref-type="aff">16</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Blevins</surname>
<given-names>Patricia</given-names>
</name>
<xref rid="A17" ref-type="aff">17</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Demmler-Harrison</surname>
<given-names>Gail J.</given-names>
</name>
<xref rid="A18" ref-type="aff">18</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Ginsberg</surname>
<given-names>Michele</given-names>
</name>
<xref rid="A19" ref-type="aff">19</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Kriner</surname>
<given-names>Paula</given-names>
</name>
<xref rid="A20" ref-type="aff">20</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>SteveWaterman</surname>
</name>
<xref rid="A21" ref-type="aff">21</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Smole</surname>
<given-names>Sandra</given-names>
</name>
<xref rid="A22" ref-type="aff">22</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Guevara</surname>
<given-names>Hugo F.</given-names>
</name>
<xref rid="A23" ref-type="aff">23</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Belongia</surname>
<given-names>Edward A.</given-names>
</name>
<xref rid="A24" ref-type="aff">24</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Clark</surname>
<given-names>Patricia A.</given-names>
</name>
<xref rid="A25" ref-type="aff">25</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Beatrice</surname>
<given-names>Sara T.</given-names>
</name>
<xref rid="A26" ref-type="aff">26</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Donis</surname>
<given-names>Ruben</given-names>
</name>
<xref rid="A1" ref-type="aff">1</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Katz</surname>
<given-names>Jacqueline</given-names>
</name>
<xref rid="A1" ref-type="aff">1</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Finelli</surname>
<given-names>Lyn</given-names>
</name>
<xref rid="A1" ref-type="aff">1</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Bridges</surname>
<given-names>Carolyn B.</given-names>
</name>
<xref rid="A1" ref-type="aff">1</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Shaw</surname>
<given-names>Michael</given-names>
</name>
<xref rid="A1" ref-type="aff">1</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Jernigan</surname>
<given-names>Daniel B.</given-names>
</name>
<xref rid="A1" ref-type="aff">1</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Uyeki</surname>
<given-names>Timothy M.</given-names>
</name>
<xref rid="A1" ref-type="aff">1</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Smith</surname>
<given-names>Derek J.</given-names>
</name>
<xref rid="A2" ref-type="aff">2</xref>
<xref rid="A3" ref-type="aff">3</xref>
<xref rid="A4" ref-type="aff">4</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Klimov</surname>
<given-names>Alexander I.</given-names>
</name>
<xref rid="A1" ref-type="aff">1</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Cox</surname>
<given-names>Nancy J.</given-names>
</name>
<xref rid="A1" ref-type="aff">1</xref>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="A1"><label>1</label>
WHO Collaborating Center for Influenza, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, USA</aff>
<aff id="A2"><label>2</label>
Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, UK</aff>
<aff id="A3"><label>3</label>
Fogarty International Center, National Institutes of Health, USA</aff>
<aff id="A4"><label>4</label>
Department of Virology, Erasmus Medical Center, NL</aff>
<aff id="A5"><label>5</label>
Instituto de Diagnóstico y Referencia Epidemiológicos (InDRE) Prolongación de Carpio, México, DF</aff>
<aff id="A6"><label>6</label>
Naval Health Research Center, USA</aff>
<aff id="A7"><label>7</label>
Arizona State Public Health Laboratory, USA</aff>
<aff id="A8"><label>8</label>
Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment, USA</aff>
<aff id="A9"><label>9</label>
Indiana State Department of Health Laboratories</aff>
<aff id="A10"><label>10</label>
Public Health Laboratory, Minnesota Department of Health, USA</aff>
<aff id="A11"><label>11</label>
Nebraska Public Health Laboratory, USA</aff>
<aff id="A12"><label>12</label>
Westchester County Department of Laboratories & Research Public Health Laboratories, USA</aff>
<aff id="A13"><label>13</label>
Wadsworth Center, New York State Dept of Health, USA</aff>
<aff id="A14"><label>14</label>
Ohio Department of Health Laboratory, USA</aff>
<aff id="A15"><label>15</label>
South Carolina Department of Health and Environmental Control, USA</aff>
<aff id="A16"><label>16</label>
Dallas County Health and Human Services, USA</aff>
<aff id="A17"><label>17</label>
San Antonio Metro Health District, USA</aff>
<aff id="A18"><label>18</label>
Diagnostic Virology Laboratory, Texas Children's Hospital, USA</aff>
<aff id="A19"><label>19</label>
San Diego Public Health Laboratory, USA</aff>
<aff id="A20"><label>20</label>
Imperial County Public Health Department, USA</aff>
<aff id="A21"><label>21</label>
CDC Border Infectious Disease Surveillance Project, USA</aff>
<aff id="A22"><label>22</label>
William A Hinton State Laboratory Institute Massachusetts Department of Public Health, USA</aff>
<aff id="A23"><label>23</label>
California Department of Public Health, Viral and Rickettsial Disease Laboratory, USA</aff>
<aff id="A24"><label>24</label>
Marshfield Clinic Research Foundation, USA</aff>
<aff id="A25"><label>25</label>
Michigan Department of Community Health, USA</aff>
<aff id="A26"><label>26</label>
Public Health Laboratory, NYC Department of Health and Mental Hygiene, USA</aff>
<author-notes><fn id="FN1" fn-type="equal"><label>*</label>
<p>Equally contributed</p>
</fn>
</author-notes>
<pub-date pub-type="nihms-submitted"><day>9</day>
<month>11</month>
<year>2011</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>22</day>
<month>5</month>
<year>2009</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="ppub"><day>10</day>
<month>7</month>
<year>2009</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="pmc-release"><day>4</day>
<month>1</month>
<year>2012</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>325</volume>
<issue>5937</issue>
<fpage>197</fpage>
<lpage>201</lpage>
<abstract><p id="P1">Since its identification in April 2009 an A(H1N1) virus containing a unique combination of gene segments from both North American and Eurasian swine lineages has continued to circulate in humans. The 2009 A(H1N1) virus is distantly related to its nearest relatives, indicating that its gene segments have been circulating undetected for an extended period. Low genetic diversity among the viruses suggests the introduction into humans was a single event or multiple events of similar viruses. Molecular markers predicted for adaptation to humans are not currently present in 2009 A(H1N1) viruses, suggesting previously unrecognized molecular determinants could be responsible for the transmission among humans. Antigenically the viruses are homogeneous and similar to North American swine A(H1N1) viruses but distinct from seasonal human A(H1N1).</p>
</abstract>
<funding-group><award-group><funding-source country="United States">Office of the Director : NIH</funding-source>
<award-id>DP1 OD000490-01 || OD</award-id>
</award-group>
</funding-group>
</article-meta>
</front>
</pmc>
<affiliations><list><country><li>Royaume-Uni</li>
<li>États-Unis</li>
</country>
<region><li>Angleterre</li>
<li>Angleterre de l'Est</li>
<li>État de New York</li>
</region>
<settlement><li>Cambridge</li>
</settlement>
<orgName><li>Université de Cambridge</li>
</orgName>
</list>
<tree><noCountry><name sortKey="Alpuche Aranda, Celia M" sort="Alpuche Aranda, Celia M" uniqKey="Alpuche Aranda C" first="Celia M." last="Alpuche-Aranda">Celia M. Alpuche-Aranda</name>
<name sortKey="Dotson, P David" sort="Dotson, P David" uniqKey="Dotson P" first="P. David" last="Dotson">P. David Dotson</name>
<name sortKey="Fouchier, Ron A M" sort="Fouchier, Ron A M" uniqKey="Fouchier R" first="Ron A. M." last="Fouchier">Ron A. M. Fouchier</name>
<name sortKey="L Pez Gatell, Hugo" sort="L Pez Gatell, Hugo" uniqKey="L Pez Gatell H" first="Hugo" last="L Pez-Gatell">Hugo L Pez-Gatell</name>
<name sortKey="L Pez, Irma" sort="L Pez, Irma" uniqKey="L Pez I" first="Irma" last="L Pez">Irma L Pez</name>
<name sortKey="Olivera, Hiram" sort="Olivera, Hiram" uniqKey="Olivera H" first="Hiram" last="Olivera">Hiram Olivera</name>
</noCountry>
<country name="États-Unis"><noRegion><name sortKey="Garten, Rebecca J" sort="Garten, Rebecca J" uniqKey="Garten R" first="Rebecca J." last="Garten">Rebecca J. Garten</name>
</noRegion>
<name sortKey="Abid, Syed H" sort="Abid, Syed H" uniqKey="Abid S" first="Syed H." last="Abid">Syed H. Abid</name>
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<name sortKey="Bannerman, Tammy" sort="Bannerman, Tammy" uniqKey="Bannerman T" first="Tammy" last="Bannerman">Tammy Bannerman</name>
<name sortKey="Barnes, John" sort="Barnes, John" uniqKey="Barnes J" first="John" last="Barnes">John Barnes</name>
<name sortKey="Beatrice, Sara T" sort="Beatrice, Sara T" uniqKey="Beatrice S" first="Sara T." last="Beatrice">Sara T. Beatrice</name>
<name sortKey="Belongia, Edward A" sort="Belongia, Edward A" uniqKey="Belongia E" first="Edward A." last="Belongia">Edward A. Belongia</name>
<name sortKey="Blair, Patrick J" sort="Blair, Patrick J" uniqKey="Blair P" first="Patrick J." last="Blair">Patrick J. Blair</name>
<name sortKey="Blevins, Patricia" sort="Blevins, Patricia" uniqKey="Blevins P" first="Patricia" last="Blevins">Patricia Blevins</name>
<name sortKey="Boxrud, David" sort="Boxrud, David" uniqKey="Boxrud D" first="David" last="Boxrud">David Boxrud</name>
<name sortKey="Bridges, Carolyn B" sort="Bridges, Carolyn B" uniqKey="Bridges C" first="Carolyn B." last="Bridges">Carolyn B. Bridges</name>
<name sortKey="Clark, Patricia A" sort="Clark, Patricia A" uniqKey="Clark P" first="Patricia A." last="Clark">Patricia A. Clark</name>
<name sortKey="Cox, Nancy J" sort="Cox, Nancy J" uniqKey="Cox N" first="Nancy J." last="Cox">Nancy J. Cox</name>
<name sortKey="Davis, C Todd" sort="Davis, C Todd" uniqKey="Davis C" first="C. Todd" last="Davis">C. Todd Davis</name>
<name sortKey="Demmler Harrison, Gail J" sort="Demmler Harrison, Gail J" uniqKey="Demmler Harrison G" first="Gail J." last="Demmler-Harrison">Gail J. Demmler-Harrison</name>
<name sortKey="Deyde, Varough" sort="Deyde, Varough" uniqKey="Deyde V" first="Varough" last="Deyde">Varough Deyde</name>
<name sortKey="Donis, Ruben" sort="Donis, Ruben" uniqKey="Donis R" first="Ruben" last="Donis">Ruben Donis</name>
<name sortKey="Emery, Shannon L" sort="Emery, Shannon L" uniqKey="Emery S" first="Shannon L." last="Emery">Shannon L. Emery</name>
<name sortKey="Faix, Dennis" sort="Faix, Dennis" uniqKey="Faix D" first="Dennis" last="Faix">Dennis Faix</name>
<name sortKey="Finelli, Lyn" sort="Finelli, Lyn" uniqKey="Finelli L" first="Lyn" last="Finelli">Lyn Finelli</name>
<name sortKey="George, Kirsten St" sort="George, Kirsten St" uniqKey="George K" first="Kirsten St." last="George">Kirsten St. George</name>
<name sortKey="Ginsberg, Michele" sort="Ginsberg, Michele" uniqKey="Ginsberg M" first="Michele" last="Ginsberg">Michele Ginsberg</name>
<name sortKey="Gubareva, Larisa" sort="Gubareva, Larisa" uniqKey="Gubareva L" first="Larisa" last="Gubareva">Larisa Gubareva</name>
<name sortKey="Guevara, Hugo F" sort="Guevara, Hugo F" uniqKey="Guevara H" first="Hugo F." last="Guevara">Hugo F. Guevara</name>
<name sortKey="Hillman, Michael J" sort="Hillman, Michael J" uniqKey="Hillman M" first="Michael J." last="Hillman">Michael J. Hillman</name>
<name sortKey="Jernigan, Daniel B" sort="Jernigan, Daniel B" uniqKey="Jernigan D" first="Daniel B." last="Jernigan">Daniel B. Jernigan</name>
<name sortKey="Katz, Jacqueline" sort="Katz, Jacqueline" uniqKey="Katz J" first="Jacqueline" last="Katz">Jacqueline Katz</name>
<name sortKey="Keene, Kimberly M" sort="Keene, Kimberly M" uniqKey="Keene K" first="Kimberly M." last="Keene">Kimberly M. Keene</name>
<name sortKey="Klimov, Alexander I" sort="Klimov, Alexander I" uniqKey="Klimov A" first="Alexander I." last="Klimov">Alexander I. Klimov</name>
<name sortKey="Kriner, Paula" sort="Kriner, Paula" uniqKey="Kriner P" first="Paula" last="Kriner">Paula Kriner</name>
<name sortKey="Lindstrom, Stephen" sort="Lindstrom, Stephen" uniqKey="Lindstrom S" first="Stephen" last="Lindstrom">Stephen Lindstrom</name>
<name sortKey="Moore, Amanda L" sort="Moore, Amanda L" uniqKey="Moore A" first="Amanda L." last="Moore">Amanda L. Moore</name>
<name sortKey="Myers, Christopher A" sort="Myers, Christopher A" uniqKey="Myers C" first="Christopher A." last="Myers">Christopher A. Myers</name>
<name sortKey="Okomo Adhiambo, Margaret" sort="Okomo Adhiambo, Margaret" uniqKey="Okomo Adhiambo M" first="Margaret" last="Okomo-Adhiambo">Margaret Okomo-Adhiambo</name>
<name sortKey="Pappas, Claudia" sort="Pappas, Claudia" uniqKey="Pappas C" first="Claudia" last="Pappas">Claudia Pappas</name>
<name sortKey="Rivailler, Pierre" sort="Rivailler, Pierre" uniqKey="Rivailler P" first="Pierre" last="Rivailler">Pierre Rivailler</name>
<name sortKey="Russell, Colin A" sort="Russell, Colin A" uniqKey="Russell C" first="Colin A." last="Russell">Colin A. Russell</name>
<name sortKey="Sambol, Anthony R" sort="Sambol, Anthony R" uniqKey="Sambol A" first="Anthony R." last="Sambol">Anthony R. Sambol</name>
<name sortKey="Sessions, Wendy M" sort="Sessions, Wendy M" uniqKey="Sessions W" first="Wendy M." last="Sessions">Wendy M. Sessions</name>
<name sortKey="Shaw, Michael" sort="Shaw, Michael" uniqKey="Shaw M" first="Michael" last="Shaw">Michael Shaw</name>
<name sortKey="Shu, Bo" sort="Shu, Bo" uniqKey="Shu B" first="Bo" last="Shu">Bo Shu</name>
<name sortKey="Smagala, James" sort="Smagala, James" uniqKey="Smagala J" first="James" last="Smagala">James Smagala</name>
<name sortKey="Smith, Catherine B" sort="Smith, Catherine B" uniqKey="Smith C" first="Catherine B." last="Smith">Catherine B. Smith</name>
<name sortKey="Smith, Derek J" sort="Smith, Derek J" uniqKey="Smith D" first="Derek J." last="Smith">Derek J. Smith</name>
<name sortKey="Smole, Sandra" sort="Smole, Sandra" uniqKey="Smole S" first="Sandra" last="Smole">Sandra Smole</name>
<name sortKey="Stringer, David J" sort="Stringer, David J" uniqKey="Stringer D" first="David J." last="Stringer">David J. Stringer</name>
<name sortKey="Uyeki, Timothy M" sort="Uyeki, Timothy M" uniqKey="Uyeki T" first="Timothy M." last="Uyeki">Timothy M. Uyeki</name>
<name sortKey="Xu, Xiyan" sort="Xu, Xiyan" uniqKey="Xu X" first="Xiyan" last="Xu">Xiyan Xu</name>
<name sortKey="Yu, Cindy" sort="Yu, Cindy" uniqKey="Yu C" first="Cindy" last="Yu">Cindy Yu</name>
</country>
<country name="Royaume-Uni"><region name="Angleterre"><name sortKey="Russell, Colin A" sort="Russell, Colin A" uniqKey="Russell C" first="Colin A." last="Russell">Colin A. Russell</name>
</region>
<name sortKey="Burke, David F" sort="Burke, David F" uniqKey="Burke D" first="David F." last="Burke">David F. Burke</name>
<name sortKey="De Graaf, Miranda" sort="De Graaf, Miranda" uniqKey="De Graaf M" first="Miranda" last="De Graaf">Miranda De Graaf</name>
<name sortKey="Skepner, Eugene" sort="Skepner, Eugene" uniqKey="Skepner E" first="Eugene" last="Skepner">Eugene Skepner</name>
<name sortKey="Smith, Derek J" sort="Smith, Derek J" uniqKey="Smith D" first="Derek J." last="Smith">Derek J. Smith</name>
</country>
</tree>
</affiliations>
</record>
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