Evolution and ecology of influenza A viruses.
Identifieur interne : 001F28 ( Main/Exploration ); précédent : 001F27; suivant : 001F29Evolution and ecology of influenza A viruses.
Auteurs : R G Webster ; W J Bean ; O T Gorman ; T M Chambers ; Yoshihiro Kawaoka [États-Unis]Source :
- Microbiological Reviews [ 0146-0749 ] ; 1992.
Abstract
In this review we examine the hypothesis that aquatic birds are the primordial source of all influenza viruses in other species and study the ecological features that permit the perpetuation of influenza viruses in aquatic avian species. Phylogenetic analysis of the nucleotide sequence of influenza A virus RNA segments coding for the spike proteins (HA, NA, and M2) and the internal proteins (PB2, PB1, PA, NP, M, and NS) from a wide range of hosts, geographical regions, and influenza A virus subtypes support the following conclusions. (i) Two partly overlapping reservoirs of influenza A viruses exist in migrating waterfowl and shorebirds throughout the world. These species harbor influenza viruses of all the known HA and NA subtypes. (ii) Influenza viruses have evolved into a number of host-specific lineages that are exemplified by the NP gene and include equine Prague/56, recent equine strains, classical swine and human strains, H13 gull strains, and all other avian strains. Other genes show similar patterns, but with extensive evidence of genetic reassortment. Geographical as well as host-specific lineages are evident. (iii) All of the influenza A viruses of mammalian sources originated from the avian gene pool, and it is possible that influenza B viruses also arose from the same source. (iv) The different virus lineages are predominantly host specific, but there are periodic exchanges of influenza virus genes or whole viruses between species, giving rise to pandemics of disease in humans, lower animals, and birds. (v) The influenza viruses currently circulating in humans and pigs in North America originated by transmission of all genes from the avian reservoir prior to the 1918 Spanish influenza pandemic; some of the genes have subsequently been replaced by others from the influenza gene pool in birds. (vi) The influenza virus gene pool in aquatic birds of the world is probably perpetuated by low-level transmission within that species throughout the year. (vii) There is evidence that most new human pandemic strains and variants have originated in southern China. (viii) There is speculation that pigs may serve as the intermediate host in genetic exchange between influenza viruses in avian and humans, but experimental evidence is lacking. (ix) Once the ecological properties of influenza viruses are understood, it may be possible to interdict the introduction of new influenza viruses into humans.
Url:
PubMed: 1579108
PubMed Central: 372859
Affiliations:
Links toward previous steps (curation, corpus...)
- to stream Pmc, to step Corpus: 000422
- to stream Pmc, to step Curation: 000422
- to stream Pmc, to step Checkpoint: 000D11
- to stream Ncbi, to step Merge: 000121
- to stream Ncbi, to step Curation: 000121
- to stream Ncbi, to step Checkpoint: 000121
- to stream Main, to step Merge: 002023
- to stream Main, to step Curation: 001F28
Le document en format XML
<record><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">Evolution and ecology of influenza A viruses.</title>
<author><name sortKey="Webster, R G" sort="Webster, R G" uniqKey="Webster R" first="R G" last="Webster">R G Webster</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Bean, W J" sort="Bean, W J" uniqKey="Bean W" first="W J" last="Bean">W J Bean</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Gorman, O T" sort="Gorman, O T" uniqKey="Gorman O" first="O T" last="Gorman">O T Gorman</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Chambers, T M" sort="Chambers, T M" uniqKey="Chambers T" first="T M" last="Chambers">T M Chambers</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Kawaoka, Y" sort="Kawaoka, Y" uniqKey="Kawaoka Y" first="Y" last="Kawaoka">Yoshihiro Kawaoka</name>
<affiliation><country>États-Unis</country>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Madison (Wisconsin)</settlement>
<region type="state">Wisconsin</region>
</placeName>
<orgName type="university" n="3">Université du Wisconsin à Madison</orgName>
</affiliation>
</author>
</titleStmt>
<publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PMC</idno>
<idno type="pmid">1579108</idno>
<idno type="pmc">372859</idno>
<idno type="url">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC372859</idno>
<idno type="RBID">PMC:372859</idno>
<date when="1992">1992</date>
<idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Corpus">000422</idno>
<idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PMC">000422</idno>
<idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Curation">000422</idno>
<idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Curation">000422</idno>
<idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Checkpoint">000D11</idno>
<idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Checkpoint">000D11</idno>
<idno type="wicri:Area/Ncbi/Merge">000121</idno>
<idno type="wicri:Area/Ncbi/Curation">000121</idno>
<idno type="wicri:Area/Ncbi/Checkpoint">000121</idno>
<idno type="wicri:doubleKey">0146-0749:1992:Webster R:evolution:and:ecology</idno>
<idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Merge">002023</idno>
<idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Curation">001F28</idno>
<idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Exploration">001F28</idno>
</publicationStmt>
<sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">Evolution and ecology of influenza A viruses.</title>
<author><name sortKey="Webster, R G" sort="Webster, R G" uniqKey="Webster R" first="R G" last="Webster">R G Webster</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Bean, W J" sort="Bean, W J" uniqKey="Bean W" first="W J" last="Bean">W J Bean</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Gorman, O T" sort="Gorman, O T" uniqKey="Gorman O" first="O T" last="Gorman">O T Gorman</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Chambers, T M" sort="Chambers, T M" uniqKey="Chambers T" first="T M" last="Chambers">T M Chambers</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Kawaoka, Y" sort="Kawaoka, Y" uniqKey="Kawaoka Y" first="Y" last="Kawaoka">Yoshihiro Kawaoka</name>
<affiliation><country>États-Unis</country>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Madison (Wisconsin)</settlement>
<region type="state">Wisconsin</region>
</placeName>
<orgName type="university" n="3">Université du Wisconsin à Madison</orgName>
</affiliation>
</author>
</analytic>
<series><title level="j">Microbiological Reviews</title>
<idno type="ISSN">0146-0749</idno>
<imprint><date when="1992">1992</date>
</imprint>
</series>
</biblStruct>
</sourceDesc>
</fileDesc>
<profileDesc><textClass></textClass>
</profileDesc>
</teiHeader>
<front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p>In this review we examine the hypothesis that aquatic birds are the primordial source of all influenza viruses in other species and study the ecological features that permit the perpetuation of influenza viruses in aquatic avian species. Phylogenetic analysis of the nucleotide sequence of influenza A virus RNA segments coding for the spike proteins (HA, NA, and M2) and the internal proteins (PB2, PB1, PA, NP, M, and NS) from a wide range of hosts, geographical regions, and influenza A virus subtypes support the following conclusions. (i) Two partly overlapping reservoirs of influenza A viruses exist in migrating waterfowl and shorebirds throughout the world. These species harbor influenza viruses of all the known HA and NA subtypes. (ii) Influenza viruses have evolved into a number of host-specific lineages that are exemplified by the NP gene and include equine Prague/56, recent equine strains, classical swine and human strains, H13 gull strains, and all other avian strains. Other genes show similar patterns, but with extensive evidence of genetic reassortment. Geographical as well as host-specific lineages are evident. (iii) All of the influenza A viruses of mammalian sources originated from the avian gene pool, and it is possible that influenza B viruses also arose from the same source. (iv) The different virus lineages are predominantly host specific, but there are periodic exchanges of influenza virus genes or whole viruses between species, giving rise to pandemics of disease in humans, lower animals, and birds. (v) The influenza viruses currently circulating in humans and pigs in North America originated by transmission of all genes from the avian reservoir prior to the 1918 Spanish influenza pandemic; some of the genes have subsequently been replaced by others from the influenza gene pool in birds. (vi) The influenza virus gene pool in aquatic birds of the world is probably perpetuated by low-level transmission within that species throughout the year. (vii) There is evidence that most new human pandemic strains and variants have originated in southern China. (viii) There is speculation that pigs may serve as the intermediate host in genetic exchange between influenza viruses in avian and humans, but experimental evidence is lacking. (ix) Once the ecological properties of influenza viruses are understood, it may be possible to interdict the introduction of new influenza viruses into humans.</p>
<sec sec-type="scanned-figures"><title>Images</title>
<fig id="F1"><graphic xlink:href="microrev00028-0172-a" xlink:role="154"></graphic>
</fig>
</sec>
</div>
</front>
</TEI>
<affiliations><list><country><li>États-Unis</li>
</country>
<region><li>Wisconsin</li>
</region>
<settlement><li>Madison (Wisconsin)</li>
</settlement>
<orgName><li>Université du Wisconsin à Madison</li>
</orgName>
</list>
<tree><noCountry><name sortKey="Bean, W J" sort="Bean, W J" uniqKey="Bean W" first="W J" last="Bean">W J Bean</name>
<name sortKey="Chambers, T M" sort="Chambers, T M" uniqKey="Chambers T" first="T M" last="Chambers">T M Chambers</name>
<name sortKey="Gorman, O T" sort="Gorman, O T" uniqKey="Gorman O" first="O T" last="Gorman">O T Gorman</name>
<name sortKey="Webster, R G" sort="Webster, R G" uniqKey="Webster R" first="R G" last="Webster">R G Webster</name>
</noCountry>
<country name="États-Unis"><region name="Wisconsin"><name sortKey="Kawaoka, Y" sort="Kawaoka, Y" uniqKey="Kawaoka Y" first="Y" last="Kawaoka">Yoshihiro Kawaoka</name>
</region>
</country>
</tree>
</affiliations>
</record>
Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
EXPLOR_STEP=$WICRI_ROOT/Sante/explor/H2N2V1/Data/Main/Exploration
HfdSelect -h $EXPLOR_STEP/biblio.hfd -nk 001F28 | SxmlIndent | more
Ou
HfdSelect -h $EXPLOR_AREA/Data/Main/Exploration/biblio.hfd -nk 001F28 | SxmlIndent | more
Pour mettre un lien sur cette page dans le réseau Wicri
{{Explor lien |wiki= Sante |area= H2N2V1 |flux= Main |étape= Exploration |type= RBID |clé= PMC:372859 |texte= Evolution and ecology of influenza A viruses. }}
Pour générer des pages wiki
HfdIndexSelect -h $EXPLOR_AREA/Data/Main/Exploration/RBID.i -Sk "pubmed:1579108" \ | HfdSelect -Kh $EXPLOR_AREA/Data/Main/Exploration/biblio.hfd \ | NlmPubMed2Wicri -a H2N2V1
This area was generated with Dilib version V0.6.33. |