Did the 1918–19 Influenza Pandemic Originate in China?
Identifieur interne : 001631 ( Main/Exploration ); précédent : 001630; suivant : 001632Did the 1918–19 Influenza Pandemic Originate in China?
Auteurs : Christopher Langford [Royaume-Uni]Source :
- Population and Development Review [ 0098-7921 ] ; 2005-09.
English descriptors
- Teeft :
- Absolute changes, Actual wording, Additional american deaths, Aldershot, Aldershot barracks, Anhui, Annual crude death rates, Annual report, Annual reports, Antigenic, Antigenic drift, Antigenic shift, Arthur stanley, British base, British troops, Bronchitis, Cambridge history, Cambridge university press, Canal zone, Cape town, Chinese labor corps, Chinese laborers, Chinese labourers, Chinese origin, Chinese population, Chinese populations, Chinese post office, Chinese workers, Cholera, Chongqing, Christopher langford, Christopher langford appendix, Chungking, Civilised world, Council health department, Crude death rate, Crude death rates, December, Decennial, Decennial report, Decennial reports, Early summer, Epidemic, Epidemic form, Epidemic influenza, Etaples, Etaples camp, February, First group, First wave, General health, General reports, Global epidemiology, Good hope, Government printer, Great britain, Great number, Guangdong, Guangdong province, Guangzhou, Hankou, Hankow, Health department, Health matter, Heavy mortality, Hebei, High influenza mortality, High mortality, Hong, Hong kong, Hubei, Influenza, Influenza deaths, Influenza epidemic, Influenza mortality, Influenza outbreak, Influenza pandemic, Influenza pandemics, Influenza virus, Influenza viruses, Influenzal pneumonia, January, July, June, Kong, Kongmoon, Lanka, Lappa, Large numbers, Late autumn, Latter part, Lungchingtsun, Lungkow, Major cities, Malignant malaria, Manchuria, Many cases, Many deaths, Many parts, Many victims, Many years, Medical report, Mild form, Mortality, Much sickness, Municipal gazette, Nanjing, Nature medicine, Next section, Northern france, November, October, Other disease, Other epidemics, Other hand, Other parts, Other places, Outbreak, Overview, Pandemic, Pneumonic, Pneumonic plague, Ports chungking, Previous exposure, Public record office, Purulent, Purulent bronchitis, Qingdao, Qinghuangdao, Race course disaster, Relative changes, Royal society, Same time, Samshui, Second wave, September, Serious epidemic, Serious outbreak, Serious outbreaks, Several deaths, Several fatalities, Several routes, Severe outbreak, Shaanxi, Shandong, Shandong port, Shandong province, Shanghai, Shasi, Short history, Shortridge, Sick list, Sierra leone, Southern china, Spanish influenza, Spanish influenza pandemic, Suez canal, Suzhou, Term pandemic, Third wave, Trade reports, Treaty port, Treaty ports, Vancouver, Virological data, Virulent form, Virus, Weihai, Wenzhou, Whole families, Wide range, Worldwide outbreak, Worldwide outbreaks, Wuzhou, Yichang, York city, Yunnan, Zhejiang.
Abstract
This article seeks to establish whether China, like most other countries, experienced an influenza outbreak in 1918–19 and to gauge its extent and severity. It evaluates the suggestion that the 1918–19 influenza virus originated in China and was carried to France by Chinese migrant workers during World War I. The investigation covers statistical and other materials for Hong Kong and Shanghai, nonstatistical materials for elsewhere in China, and British archival records relating to the recruitment and transportation to France of Chinese workers. Influenza was widespread in China in 1918–19, but, although severe in some parts, it was mild in many places compared with elsewhere in the world. The most plausible explanation is that the 1918–19 influenza virus, or a closely related precursor, had originated in China, so that many Chinese had prior exposure and hence some immunity. It is thus conceivable that Chinese workers en route to France would have carried the virus with them, leading to the pandemic.
Url:
DOI: 10.1111/j.1728-4457.2005.00080.x
Affiliations:
Links toward previous steps (curation, corpus...)
- to stream Istex, to step Corpus: 000B58
- to stream Istex, to step Curation: 000B58
- to stream Istex, to step Checkpoint: 000533
- to stream Main, to step Merge: 001659
- to stream Main, to step Curation: 001631
Le document en format XML
<record><TEI wicri:istexFullTextTei="biblStruct"><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">Did the 1918–19 Influenza Pandemic Originate in China?</title>
<author><name sortKey="Langford, Christopher" sort="Langford, Christopher" uniqKey="Langford C" first="Christopher" last="Langford">Christopher Langford</name>
</author>
</titleStmt>
<publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">ISTEX</idno>
<idno type="RBID">ISTEX:23E1590ECF14E28FDE5B0C717E96BDAEEB934D0F</idno>
<date when="2005" year="2005">2005</date>
<idno type="doi">10.1111/j.1728-4457.2005.00080.x</idno>
<idno type="url">https://api.istex.fr/ark:/67375/WNG-2N62XRV4-S/fulltext.pdf</idno>
<idno type="wicri:Area/Istex/Corpus">000B58</idno>
<idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Istex" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="ISTEX">000B58</idno>
<idno type="wicri:Area/Istex/Curation">000B58</idno>
<idno type="wicri:Area/Istex/Checkpoint">000533</idno>
<idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Istex" wicri:step="Checkpoint">000533</idno>
<idno type="wicri:doubleKey">0098-7921:2005:Langford C:did:the:influenza</idno>
<idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Merge">001659</idno>
<idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Curation">001631</idno>
<idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Exploration">001631</idno>
</publicationStmt>
<sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title level="a" type="main">Did the 1918–19 Influenza Pandemic Originate in China?</title>
<author><name sortKey="Langford, Christopher" sort="Langford, Christopher" uniqKey="Langford C" first="Christopher" last="Langford">Christopher Langford</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Population Investigation Committee, London School of Economics, Houghton Street, Aldwych, London WC2A 2AE</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>London WC2A 2AE</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
</analytic>
<monogr></monogr>
<series><title level="j" type="main">Population and Development Review</title>
<title level="j" type="alt">POPULATION DEVELOPMENT REVIEW</title>
<idno type="ISSN">0098-7921</idno>
<idno type="eISSN">1728-4457</idno>
<imprint><biblScope unit="vol">31</biblScope>
<biblScope unit="issue">3</biblScope>
<biblScope unit="page" from="473">473</biblScope>
<biblScope unit="page" to="505">505</biblScope>
<biblScope unit="page-count">33</biblScope>
<publisher>Blackwell Publishing Ltd</publisher>
<pubPlace>Oxford, UK</pubPlace>
<date type="published" when="2005-09">2005-09</date>
</imprint>
<idno type="ISSN">0098-7921</idno>
</series>
</biblStruct>
</sourceDesc>
<seriesStmt><idno type="ISSN">0098-7921</idno>
</seriesStmt>
</fileDesc>
<profileDesc><textClass><keywords scheme="Teeft" xml:lang="en"><term>Absolute changes</term>
<term>Actual wording</term>
<term>Additional american deaths</term>
<term>Aldershot</term>
<term>Aldershot barracks</term>
<term>Anhui</term>
<term>Annual crude death rates</term>
<term>Annual report</term>
<term>Annual reports</term>
<term>Antigenic</term>
<term>Antigenic drift</term>
<term>Antigenic shift</term>
<term>Arthur stanley</term>
<term>British base</term>
<term>British troops</term>
<term>Bronchitis</term>
<term>Cambridge history</term>
<term>Cambridge university press</term>
<term>Canal zone</term>
<term>Cape town</term>
<term>Chinese labor corps</term>
<term>Chinese laborers</term>
<term>Chinese labourers</term>
<term>Chinese origin</term>
<term>Chinese population</term>
<term>Chinese populations</term>
<term>Chinese post office</term>
<term>Chinese workers</term>
<term>Cholera</term>
<term>Chongqing</term>
<term>Christopher langford</term>
<term>Christopher langford appendix</term>
<term>Chungking</term>
<term>Civilised world</term>
<term>Council health department</term>
<term>Crude death rate</term>
<term>Crude death rates</term>
<term>December</term>
<term>Decennial</term>
<term>Decennial report</term>
<term>Decennial reports</term>
<term>Early summer</term>
<term>Epidemic</term>
<term>Epidemic form</term>
<term>Epidemic influenza</term>
<term>Etaples</term>
<term>Etaples camp</term>
<term>February</term>
<term>First group</term>
<term>First wave</term>
<term>General health</term>
<term>General reports</term>
<term>Global epidemiology</term>
<term>Good hope</term>
<term>Government printer</term>
<term>Great britain</term>
<term>Great number</term>
<term>Guangdong</term>
<term>Guangdong province</term>
<term>Guangzhou</term>
<term>Hankou</term>
<term>Hankow</term>
<term>Health department</term>
<term>Health matter</term>
<term>Heavy mortality</term>
<term>Hebei</term>
<term>High influenza mortality</term>
<term>High mortality</term>
<term>Hong</term>
<term>Hong kong</term>
<term>Hubei</term>
<term>Influenza</term>
<term>Influenza deaths</term>
<term>Influenza epidemic</term>
<term>Influenza mortality</term>
<term>Influenza outbreak</term>
<term>Influenza pandemic</term>
<term>Influenza pandemics</term>
<term>Influenza virus</term>
<term>Influenza viruses</term>
<term>Influenzal pneumonia</term>
<term>January</term>
<term>July</term>
<term>June</term>
<term>Kong</term>
<term>Kongmoon</term>
<term>Lanka</term>
<term>Lappa</term>
<term>Large numbers</term>
<term>Late autumn</term>
<term>Latter part</term>
<term>Lungchingtsun</term>
<term>Lungkow</term>
<term>Major cities</term>
<term>Malignant malaria</term>
<term>Manchuria</term>
<term>Many cases</term>
<term>Many deaths</term>
<term>Many parts</term>
<term>Many victims</term>
<term>Many years</term>
<term>Medical report</term>
<term>Mild form</term>
<term>Mortality</term>
<term>Much sickness</term>
<term>Municipal gazette</term>
<term>Nanjing</term>
<term>Nature medicine</term>
<term>Next section</term>
<term>Northern france</term>
<term>November</term>
<term>October</term>
<term>Other disease</term>
<term>Other epidemics</term>
<term>Other hand</term>
<term>Other parts</term>
<term>Other places</term>
<term>Outbreak</term>
<term>Overview</term>
<term>Pandemic</term>
<term>Pneumonic</term>
<term>Pneumonic plague</term>
<term>Ports chungking</term>
<term>Previous exposure</term>
<term>Public record office</term>
<term>Purulent</term>
<term>Purulent bronchitis</term>
<term>Qingdao</term>
<term>Qinghuangdao</term>
<term>Race course disaster</term>
<term>Relative changes</term>
<term>Royal society</term>
<term>Same time</term>
<term>Samshui</term>
<term>Second wave</term>
<term>September</term>
<term>Serious epidemic</term>
<term>Serious outbreak</term>
<term>Serious outbreaks</term>
<term>Several deaths</term>
<term>Several fatalities</term>
<term>Several routes</term>
<term>Severe outbreak</term>
<term>Shaanxi</term>
<term>Shandong</term>
<term>Shandong port</term>
<term>Shandong province</term>
<term>Shanghai</term>
<term>Shasi</term>
<term>Short history</term>
<term>Shortridge</term>
<term>Sick list</term>
<term>Sierra leone</term>
<term>Southern china</term>
<term>Spanish influenza</term>
<term>Spanish influenza pandemic</term>
<term>Suez canal</term>
<term>Suzhou</term>
<term>Term pandemic</term>
<term>Third wave</term>
<term>Trade reports</term>
<term>Treaty port</term>
<term>Treaty ports</term>
<term>Vancouver</term>
<term>Virological data</term>
<term>Virulent form</term>
<term>Virus</term>
<term>Weihai</term>
<term>Wenzhou</term>
<term>Whole families</term>
<term>Wide range</term>
<term>Worldwide outbreak</term>
<term>Worldwide outbreaks</term>
<term>Wuzhou</term>
<term>Yichang</term>
<term>York city</term>
<term>Yunnan</term>
<term>Zhejiang</term>
</keywords>
</textClass>
</profileDesc>
</teiHeader>
<front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">This article seeks to establish whether China, like most other countries, experienced an influenza outbreak in 1918–19 and to gauge its extent and severity. It evaluates the suggestion that the 1918–19 influenza virus originated in China and was carried to France by Chinese migrant workers during World War I. The investigation covers statistical and other materials for Hong Kong and Shanghai, nonstatistical materials for elsewhere in China, and British archival records relating to the recruitment and transportation to France of Chinese workers. Influenza was widespread in China in 1918–19, but, although severe in some parts, it was mild in many places compared with elsewhere in the world. The most plausible explanation is that the 1918–19 influenza virus, or a closely related precursor, had originated in China, so that many Chinese had prior exposure and hence some immunity. It is thus conceivable that Chinese workers en route to France would have carried the virus with them, leading to the pandemic.</div>
</front>
</TEI>
<affiliations><list><country><li>Royaume-Uni</li>
</country>
</list>
<tree><country name="Royaume-Uni"><noRegion><name sortKey="Langford, Christopher" sort="Langford, Christopher" uniqKey="Langford C" first="Christopher" last="Langford">Christopher Langford</name>
</noRegion>
</country>
</tree>
</affiliations>
</record>
Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
EXPLOR_STEP=$WICRI_ROOT/Sante/explor/H2N2V1/Data/Main/Exploration
HfdSelect -h $EXPLOR_STEP/biblio.hfd -nk 001631 | SxmlIndent | more
Ou
HfdSelect -h $EXPLOR_AREA/Data/Main/Exploration/biblio.hfd -nk 001631 | SxmlIndent | more
Pour mettre un lien sur cette page dans le réseau Wicri
{{Explor lien |wiki= Sante |area= H2N2V1 |flux= Main |étape= Exploration |type= RBID |clé= ISTEX:23E1590ECF14E28FDE5B0C717E96BDAEEB934D0F |texte= Did the 1918–19 Influenza Pandemic Originate in China? }}
This area was generated with Dilib version V0.6.33. |