Deletions in the Neuraminidase Stalk Region of H2N2 and H9N2 Avian Influenza Virus Subtypes Do Not Affect Postinfluenza Secondary Bacterial Pneumonia
Identifieur interne : 000B47 ( Main/Curation ); précédent : 000B46; suivant : 000B48Deletions in the Neuraminidase Stalk Region of H2N2 and H9N2 Avian Influenza Virus Subtypes Do Not Affect Postinfluenza Secondary Bacterial Pneumonia
Auteurs : Ashok K. Chockalingam [États-Unis] ; Danielle Hickman [États-Unis] ; Lindomar Pena [États-Unis] ; JIANQIANG YE [États-Unis] ; Andrea Ferrero [États-Unis] ; Jose R. Echenique [Argentine] ; HONGJUN CHEN [États-Unis] ; Troy Sutton [États-Unis] ; Daniel R. Perez [États-Unis]Source :
- Journal of virology [ 0022-538X ] ; 2012.
Descripteurs français
- KwdFr :
- Adhérence bactérienne, Animaux, Co-infection (microbiologie), Co-infection (virologie), Délétion de gène, Femelle, Grippe chez les oiseaux (virologie), Grippe humaine (), Grippe humaine (virologie), Humains, Lignée cellulaire, Motifs d'acides aminés, Pneumopathie bactérienne (), Pneumopathie bactérienne (microbiologie), Poulets, Poumon (microbiologie), Poumon (virologie), Protéines virales (), Protéines virales (génétique), Protéines virales (métabolisme), Sialidase (), Sialidase (génétique), Sialidase (métabolisme), Souris, Souris de lignée BALB C, Sous-type H2N2 du virus de la grippe A (), Sous-type H2N2 du virus de la grippe A (enzymologie), Sous-type H2N2 du virus de la grippe A (génétique), Sous-type H9N2 du virus de la grippe A (), Sous-type H9N2 du virus de la grippe A (enzymologie), Sous-type H9N2 du virus de la grippe A (génétique), Streptococcus pneumoniae (physiologie).
- MESH :
- enzymologie : Sous-type H2N2 du virus de la grippe A, Sous-type H9N2 du virus de la grippe A.
- génétique : Protéines virales, Sialidase, Sous-type H2N2 du virus de la grippe A, Sous-type H9N2 du virus de la grippe A.
- microbiologie : Co-infection, Pneumopathie bactérienne, Poumon.
- métabolisme : Protéines virales, Sialidase.
- physiologie : Streptococcus pneumoniae.
- virologie : Co-infection, Grippe chez les oiseaux, Grippe humaine, Poumon.
- Pascal (Inist)
- Adhérence bactérienne, Animaux, Délétion de gène, Femelle, Grippe humaine, Humains, Influenzavirus aviaire, Délétion, Lignée cellulaire, Motifs d'acides aminés, Mutation, Pneumopathie bactérienne, Poulets, Protéines virales, Sialidase, Souris, Souris de lignée BALB C, Sous-type H2N2 du virus de la grippe A, Sous-type H9N2 du virus de la grippe A, Soustype, Pneumonie bactérienne.
English descriptors
- KwdEn :
- Amino Acid Motifs, Animals, Avian influenzavirus, Bacterial Adhesion, Bacterial pneumonia, Cell Line, Chickens, Coinfection (microbiology), Coinfection (virology), Deletion, Female, Gene Deletion, Humans, Influenza A Virus, H2N2 Subtype (chemistry), Influenza A Virus, H2N2 Subtype (enzymology), Influenza A Virus, H2N2 Subtype (genetics), Influenza A Virus, H9N2 Subtype (chemistry), Influenza A Virus, H9N2 Subtype (enzymology), Influenza A Virus, H9N2 Subtype (genetics), Influenza in Birds (virology), Influenza, Human (complications), Influenza, Human (virology), Lung (microbiology), Lung (virology), Mice, Mice, Inbred BALB C, Mutation, Neuraminidase (chemistry), Neuraminidase (genetics), Neuraminidase (metabolism), Pneumonia, Bacterial (complications), Pneumonia, Bacterial (microbiology), Streptococcus pneumoniae (physiology), Subtype, Viral Proteins (chemistry), Viral Proteins (genetics), Viral Proteins (metabolism).
- MESH :
- chemical , chemistry : Neuraminidase, Viral Proteins.
- chemistry : Influenza A Virus, H2N2 Subtype, Influenza A Virus, H9N2 Subtype.
- complications : Influenza, Human, Pneumonia, Bacterial.
- enzymology : Influenza A Virus, H2N2 Subtype, Influenza A Virus, H9N2 Subtype.
- genetics : Influenza A Virus, H2N2 Subtype, Influenza A Virus, H9N2 Subtype, Neuraminidase, Viral Proteins.
- chemical , metabolism : Neuraminidase, Viral Proteins.
- microbiology : Coinfection, Lung, Pneumonia, Bacterial.
- physiology : Streptococcus pneumoniae.
- virology : Coinfection, Influenza in Birds, Influenza, Human, Lung.
- Amino Acid Motifs, Animals, Bacterial Adhesion, Cell Line, Chickens, Female, Gene Deletion, Humans, Mice, Mice, Inbred BALB C.
Abstract
We investigated the synergism between influenza virus and Streptococcus pneumoniae, particularly the role of deletions in the stalk region of the neuraminidase (NA) of H2N2 and H9N2 avian influenza viruses. Deletions in the NA stalk (ΔNA) had no effect on NA activity or on the adherence of S. pneumoniae to virus-infected human alveolar epithelial (A549) and mouse lung adenoma (LA-4) cells, although it delayed virus elution from turkey red blood cells. Sequential S. pneumoniae infection of mice previously inoculated with isogenic recombinant H2N2 and H9N2 influenza viruses displayed severe pneumonia, elevated levels of intrapulmonary proinflammatory responses, and death. No differences between the WT and ΔNA mutant viruses were detected with respect to effects on postinfluenza pneumococcal pneumonia as measured by bacterial growth, lung inflammation, morbidity, mortality, and cytokine/chemokine concentrations. Differences were observed, however, in influenza virus-infected mice that were treated with oseltamivir prior to a challenge with S. pneumoniae. Under these circumstances, mice infected with ΔNA viruses were associated with a better prognosis following a secondary bacterial challenge. These data suggest that the H2N2 and H9N2 subtypes of avian influenza A viruses can contribute to secondary bacterial pneumonia and deletions in the NA stalk may modulate its outcome in the context of antiviral therapy.
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Pascal:12-0142239Le document en format XML
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<country>États-Unis</country>
<placeName><region type="state">Maryland</region>
<settlement type="city">College Park (Maryland)</settlement>
</placeName>
<orgName type="university">Université du Maryland</orgName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Perez, Daniel R" sort="Perez, Daniel R" uniqKey="Perez D" first="Daniel R." last="Perez">Daniel R. Perez</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4"><inist:fA14 i1="01"><s1>Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Maryland</s1>
<s2>College Park, Maryland</s2>
<s3>USA</s3>
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<settlement type="city">College Park (Maryland)</settlement>
</placeName>
<orgName type="university">Université du Maryland</orgName>
</affiliation>
</author>
</analytic>
<series><title level="j" type="main">Journal of virology</title>
<title level="j" type="abbreviated">J. virol.</title>
<idno type="ISSN">0022-538X</idno>
<imprint><date when="2012">2012</date>
</imprint>
</series>
</biblStruct>
</sourceDesc>
<seriesStmt><title level="j" type="main">Journal of virology</title>
<title level="j" type="abbreviated">J. virol.</title>
<idno type="ISSN">0022-538X</idno>
</seriesStmt>
</fileDesc>
<profileDesc><textClass><keywords scheme="KwdEn" xml:lang="en"><term>Amino Acid Motifs</term>
<term>Animals</term>
<term>Avian influenzavirus</term>
<term>Bacterial Adhesion</term>
<term>Bacterial pneumonia</term>
<term>Cell Line</term>
<term>Chickens</term>
<term>Coinfection (microbiology)</term>
<term>Coinfection (virology)</term>
<term>Deletion</term>
<term>Female</term>
<term>Gene Deletion</term>
<term>Humans</term>
<term>Influenza A Virus, H2N2 Subtype (chemistry)</term>
<term>Influenza A Virus, H2N2 Subtype (enzymology)</term>
<term>Influenza A Virus, H2N2 Subtype (genetics)</term>
<term>Influenza A Virus, H9N2 Subtype (chemistry)</term>
<term>Influenza A Virus, H9N2 Subtype (enzymology)</term>
<term>Influenza A Virus, H9N2 Subtype (genetics)</term>
<term>Influenza in Birds (virology)</term>
<term>Influenza, Human (complications)</term>
<term>Influenza, Human (virology)</term>
<term>Lung (microbiology)</term>
<term>Lung (virology)</term>
<term>Mice</term>
<term>Mice, Inbred BALB C</term>
<term>Mutation</term>
<term>Neuraminidase (chemistry)</term>
<term>Neuraminidase (genetics)</term>
<term>Neuraminidase (metabolism)</term>
<term>Pneumonia, Bacterial (complications)</term>
<term>Pneumonia, Bacterial (microbiology)</term>
<term>Streptococcus pneumoniae (physiology)</term>
<term>Subtype</term>
<term>Viral Proteins (chemistry)</term>
<term>Viral Proteins (genetics)</term>
<term>Viral Proteins (metabolism)</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="KwdFr" xml:lang="fr"><term>Adhérence bactérienne</term>
<term>Animaux</term>
<term>Co-infection (microbiologie)</term>
<term>Co-infection (virologie)</term>
<term>Délétion de gène</term>
<term>Femelle</term>
<term>Grippe chez les oiseaux (virologie)</term>
<term>Grippe humaine ()</term>
<term>Grippe humaine (virologie)</term>
<term>Humains</term>
<term>Lignée cellulaire</term>
<term>Motifs d'acides aminés</term>
<term>Pneumopathie bactérienne ()</term>
<term>Pneumopathie bactérienne (microbiologie)</term>
<term>Poulets</term>
<term>Poumon (microbiologie)</term>
<term>Poumon (virologie)</term>
<term>Protéines virales ()</term>
<term>Protéines virales (génétique)</term>
<term>Protéines virales (métabolisme)</term>
<term>Sialidase ()</term>
<term>Sialidase (génétique)</term>
<term>Sialidase (métabolisme)</term>
<term>Souris</term>
<term>Souris de lignée BALB C</term>
<term>Sous-type H2N2 du virus de la grippe A ()</term>
<term>Sous-type H2N2 du virus de la grippe A (enzymologie)</term>
<term>Sous-type H2N2 du virus de la grippe A (génétique)</term>
<term>Sous-type H9N2 du virus de la grippe A ()</term>
<term>Sous-type H9N2 du virus de la grippe A (enzymologie)</term>
<term>Sous-type H9N2 du virus de la grippe A (génétique)</term>
<term>Streptococcus pneumoniae (physiologie)</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" type="chemical" qualifier="chemistry" xml:lang="en"><term>Neuraminidase</term>
<term>Viral Proteins</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="chemistry" xml:lang="en"><term>Influenza A Virus, H2N2 Subtype</term>
<term>Influenza A Virus, H9N2 Subtype</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="complications" xml:lang="en"><term>Influenza, Human</term>
<term>Pneumonia, Bacterial</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="enzymologie" xml:lang="fr"><term>Sous-type H2N2 du virus de la grippe A</term>
<term>Sous-type H9N2 du virus de la grippe A</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="enzymology" xml:lang="en"><term>Influenza A Virus, H2N2 Subtype</term>
<term>Influenza A Virus, H9N2 Subtype</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="genetics" xml:lang="en"><term>Influenza A Virus, H2N2 Subtype</term>
<term>Influenza A Virus, H9N2 Subtype</term>
<term>Neuraminidase</term>
<term>Viral Proteins</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="génétique" xml:lang="fr"><term>Protéines virales</term>
<term>Sialidase</term>
<term>Sous-type H2N2 du virus de la grippe A</term>
<term>Sous-type H9N2 du virus de la grippe A</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" type="chemical" qualifier="metabolism" xml:lang="en"><term>Neuraminidase</term>
<term>Viral Proteins</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="microbiologie" xml:lang="fr"><term>Co-infection</term>
<term>Pneumopathie bactérienne</term>
<term>Poumon</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="microbiology" xml:lang="en"><term>Coinfection</term>
<term>Lung</term>
<term>Pneumonia, Bacterial</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="métabolisme" xml:lang="fr"><term>Protéines virales</term>
<term>Sialidase</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="physiologie" xml:lang="fr"><term>Streptococcus pneumoniae</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="physiology" xml:lang="en"><term>Streptococcus pneumoniae</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="virologie" xml:lang="fr"><term>Co-infection</term>
<term>Grippe chez les oiseaux</term>
<term>Grippe humaine</term>
<term>Poumon</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="virology" xml:lang="en"><term>Coinfection</term>
<term>Influenza in Birds</term>
<term>Influenza, Human</term>
<term>Lung</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="en"><term>Amino Acid Motifs</term>
<term>Animals</term>
<term>Bacterial Adhesion</term>
<term>Cell Line</term>
<term>Chickens</term>
<term>Female</term>
<term>Gene Deletion</term>
<term>Humans</term>
<term>Mice</term>
<term>Mice, Inbred BALB C</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="Pascal" xml:lang="fr"><term>Adhérence bactérienne</term>
<term>Animaux</term>
<term>Délétion de gène</term>
<term>Femelle</term>
<term>Grippe humaine</term>
<term>Humains</term>
<term>Influenzavirus aviaire</term>
<term>Délétion</term>
<term>Lignée cellulaire</term>
<term>Motifs d'acides aminés</term>
<term>Mutation</term>
<term>Pneumopathie bactérienne</term>
<term>Poulets</term>
<term>Protéines virales</term>
<term>Sialidase</term>
<term>Souris</term>
<term>Souris de lignée BALB C</term>
<term>Sous-type H2N2 du virus de la grippe A</term>
<term>Sous-type H9N2 du virus de la grippe A</term>
<term>Soustype</term>
<term>Pneumonie bactérienne</term>
</keywords>
</textClass>
</profileDesc>
</teiHeader>
<front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">We investigated the synergism between influenza virus and Streptococcus pneumoniae, particularly the role of deletions in the stalk region of the neuraminidase (NA) of H2N2 and H9N2 avian influenza viruses. Deletions in the NA stalk (ΔNA) had no effect on NA activity or on the adherence of S. pneumoniae to virus-infected human alveolar epithelial (A549) and mouse lung adenoma (LA-4) cells, although it delayed virus elution from turkey red blood cells. Sequential S. pneumoniae infection of mice previously inoculated with isogenic recombinant H2N2 and H9N2 influenza viruses displayed severe pneumonia, elevated levels of intrapulmonary proinflammatory responses, and death. No differences between the WT and ΔNA mutant viruses were detected with respect to effects on postinfluenza pneumococcal pneumonia as measured by bacterial growth, lung inflammation, morbidity, mortality, and cytokine/chemokine concentrations. Differences were observed, however, in influenza virus-infected mice that were treated with oseltamivir prior to a challenge with S. pneumoniae. Under these circumstances, mice infected with ΔNA viruses were associated with a better prognosis following a secondary bacterial challenge. These data suggest that the H2N2 and H9N2 subtypes of avian influenza A viruses can contribute to secondary bacterial pneumonia and deletions in the NA stalk may modulate its outcome in the context of antiviral therapy.</div>
</front>
</TEI>
<double idat="0022-538X:2012:Chockalingam A:deletions:in:the"><INIST><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en" level="a">Deletions in the Neuraminidase Stalk Region of H2N2 and H9N2 Avian Influenza Virus Subtypes Do Not Affect Postinfluenza Secondary Bacterial Pneumonia</title>
<author><name sortKey="Chockalingam, Ashok K" sort="Chockalingam, Ashok K" uniqKey="Chockalingam A" first="Ashok K." last="Chockalingam">Ashok K. Chockalingam</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4"><inist:fA14 i1="01"><s1>Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Maryland</s1>
<s2>College Park, Maryland</s2>
<s3>USA</s3>
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<sZ>2 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>3 aut.</sZ>
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<sZ>5 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>7 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>8 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>9 aut.</sZ>
</inist:fA14>
<country>États-Unis</country>
<placeName><region type="state">Maryland</region>
<settlement type="city">College Park (Maryland)</settlement>
</placeName>
<orgName type="university">Université du Maryland</orgName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Hickman, Danielle" sort="Hickman, Danielle" uniqKey="Hickman D" first="Danielle" last="Hickman">Danielle Hickman</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4"><inist:fA14 i1="01"><s1>Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Maryland</s1>
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</inist:fA14>
<country>États-Unis</country>
<placeName><region type="state">Maryland</region>
<settlement type="city">College Park (Maryland)</settlement>
</placeName>
<orgName type="university">Université du Maryland</orgName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Pena, Lindomar" sort="Pena, Lindomar" uniqKey="Pena L" first="Lindomar" last="Pena">Lindomar Pena</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4"><inist:fA14 i1="01"><s1>Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Maryland</s1>
<s2>College Park, Maryland</s2>
<s3>USA</s3>
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</inist:fA14>
<country>États-Unis</country>
<placeName><region type="state">Maryland</region>
<settlement type="city">College Park (Maryland)</settlement>
</placeName>
<orgName type="university">Université du Maryland</orgName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Jianqiang Ye" sort="Jianqiang Ye" uniqKey="Jianqiang Ye" last="Jianqiang Ye">JIANQIANG YE</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4"><inist:fA14 i1="01"><s1>Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Maryland</s1>
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</inist:fA14>
<country>États-Unis</country>
<placeName><region type="state">Maryland</region>
<settlement type="city">College Park (Maryland)</settlement>
</placeName>
<orgName type="university">Université du Maryland</orgName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ferrero, Andrea" sort="Ferrero, Andrea" uniqKey="Ferrero A" first="Andrea" last="Ferrero">Andrea Ferrero</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4"><inist:fA14 i1="01"><s1>Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Maryland</s1>
<s2>College Park, Maryland</s2>
<s3>USA</s3>
<sZ>1 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>2 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>3 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>4 aut.</sZ>
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<sZ>8 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>9 aut.</sZ>
</inist:fA14>
<country>États-Unis</country>
<placeName><region type="state">Maryland</region>
<settlement type="city">College Park (Maryland)</settlement>
</placeName>
<orgName type="university">Université du Maryland</orgName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Echenique, Jose R" sort="Echenique, Jose R" uniqKey="Echenique J" first="Jose R." last="Echenique">Jose R. Echenique</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="02"><s1>Departamento de Bioquimica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Cordoba, Ciudad Universitaria</s1>
<s2>Córdoba</s2>
<s3>ARG</s3>
<sZ>6 aut.</sZ>
</inist:fA14>
<country>Argentine</country>
<wicri:noRegion>Córdoba</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Hongjun Chen" sort="Hongjun Chen" uniqKey="Hongjun Chen" last="Hongjun Chen">HONGJUN CHEN</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4"><inist:fA14 i1="01"><s1>Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Maryland</s1>
<s2>College Park, Maryland</s2>
<s3>USA</s3>
<sZ>1 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>2 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>3 aut.</sZ>
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<country>États-Unis</country>
<placeName><region type="state">Maryland</region>
<settlement type="city">College Park (Maryland)</settlement>
</placeName>
<orgName type="university">Université du Maryland</orgName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Sutton, Troy" sort="Sutton, Troy" uniqKey="Sutton T" first="Troy" last="Sutton">Troy Sutton</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4"><inist:fA14 i1="01"><s1>Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Maryland</s1>
<s2>College Park, Maryland</s2>
<s3>USA</s3>
<sZ>1 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>2 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>3 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>4 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>5 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>7 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>8 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>9 aut.</sZ>
</inist:fA14>
<country>États-Unis</country>
<placeName><region type="state">Maryland</region>
<settlement type="city">College Park (Maryland)</settlement>
</placeName>
<orgName type="university">Université du Maryland</orgName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Perez, Daniel R" sort="Perez, Daniel R" uniqKey="Perez D" first="Daniel R." last="Perez">Daniel R. Perez</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4"><inist:fA14 i1="01"><s1>Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Maryland</s1>
<s2>College Park, Maryland</s2>
<s3>USA</s3>
<sZ>1 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>2 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>3 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>4 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>5 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>7 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>8 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>9 aut.</sZ>
</inist:fA14>
<country>États-Unis</country>
<placeName><region type="state">Maryland</region>
<settlement type="city">College Park (Maryland)</settlement>
</placeName>
<orgName type="university">Université du Maryland</orgName>
</affiliation>
</author>
</titleStmt>
<publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">INIST</idno>
<idno type="inist">12-0142239</idno>
<date when="2012">2012</date>
<idno type="stanalyst">PASCAL 12-0142239 INIST</idno>
<idno type="RBID">Pascal:12-0142239</idno>
<idno type="wicri:Area/PascalFrancis/Corpus">000007</idno>
<idno type="wicri:Area/PascalFrancis/Curation">000067</idno>
<idno type="wicri:Area/PascalFrancis/Checkpoint">000005</idno>
<idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="PascalFrancis" wicri:step="Checkpoint">000005</idno>
<idno type="wicri:doubleKey">0022-538X:2012:Chockalingam A:deletions:in:the</idno>
<idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Merge">000B50</idno>
</publicationStmt>
<sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a">Deletions in the Neuraminidase Stalk Region of H2N2 and H9N2 Avian Influenza Virus Subtypes Do Not Affect Postinfluenza Secondary Bacterial Pneumonia</title>
<author><name sortKey="Chockalingam, Ashok K" sort="Chockalingam, Ashok K" uniqKey="Chockalingam A" first="Ashok K." last="Chockalingam">Ashok K. Chockalingam</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4"><inist:fA14 i1="01"><s1>Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Maryland</s1>
<s2>College Park, Maryland</s2>
<s3>USA</s3>
<sZ>1 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>2 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>3 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>4 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>5 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>7 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>8 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>9 aut.</sZ>
</inist:fA14>
<country>États-Unis</country>
<placeName><region type="state">Maryland</region>
<settlement type="city">College Park (Maryland)</settlement>
</placeName>
<orgName type="university">Université du Maryland</orgName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Hickman, Danielle" sort="Hickman, Danielle" uniqKey="Hickman D" first="Danielle" last="Hickman">Danielle Hickman</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4"><inist:fA14 i1="01"><s1>Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Maryland</s1>
<s2>College Park, Maryland</s2>
<s3>USA</s3>
<sZ>1 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>2 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>3 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>4 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>5 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>7 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>8 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>9 aut.</sZ>
</inist:fA14>
<country>États-Unis</country>
<placeName><region type="state">Maryland</region>
<settlement type="city">College Park (Maryland)</settlement>
</placeName>
<orgName type="university">Université du Maryland</orgName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Pena, Lindomar" sort="Pena, Lindomar" uniqKey="Pena L" first="Lindomar" last="Pena">Lindomar Pena</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4"><inist:fA14 i1="01"><s1>Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Maryland</s1>
<s2>College Park, Maryland</s2>
<s3>USA</s3>
<sZ>1 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>2 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>3 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>4 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>5 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>7 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>8 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>9 aut.</sZ>
</inist:fA14>
<country>États-Unis</country>
<placeName><region type="state">Maryland</region>
<settlement type="city">College Park (Maryland)</settlement>
</placeName>
<orgName type="university">Université du Maryland</orgName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Jianqiang Ye" sort="Jianqiang Ye" uniqKey="Jianqiang Ye" last="Jianqiang Ye">JIANQIANG YE</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4"><inist:fA14 i1="01"><s1>Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Maryland</s1>
<s2>College Park, Maryland</s2>
<s3>USA</s3>
<sZ>1 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>2 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>3 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>4 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>5 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>7 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>8 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>9 aut.</sZ>
</inist:fA14>
<country>États-Unis</country>
<placeName><region type="state">Maryland</region>
<settlement type="city">College Park (Maryland)</settlement>
</placeName>
<orgName type="university">Université du Maryland</orgName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ferrero, Andrea" sort="Ferrero, Andrea" uniqKey="Ferrero A" first="Andrea" last="Ferrero">Andrea Ferrero</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4"><inist:fA14 i1="01"><s1>Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Maryland</s1>
<s2>College Park, Maryland</s2>
<s3>USA</s3>
<sZ>1 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>2 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>3 aut.</sZ>
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<sZ>5 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>7 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>8 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>9 aut.</sZ>
</inist:fA14>
<country>États-Unis</country>
<placeName><region type="state">Maryland</region>
<settlement type="city">College Park (Maryland)</settlement>
</placeName>
<orgName type="university">Université du Maryland</orgName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Echenique, Jose R" sort="Echenique, Jose R" uniqKey="Echenique J" first="Jose R." last="Echenique">Jose R. Echenique</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="02"><s1>Departamento de Bioquimica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Cordoba, Ciudad Universitaria</s1>
<s2>Córdoba</s2>
<s3>ARG</s3>
<sZ>6 aut.</sZ>
</inist:fA14>
<country>Argentine</country>
<wicri:noRegion>Córdoba</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Hongjun Chen" sort="Hongjun Chen" uniqKey="Hongjun Chen" last="Hongjun Chen">HONGJUN CHEN</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4"><inist:fA14 i1="01"><s1>Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Maryland</s1>
<s2>College Park, Maryland</s2>
<s3>USA</s3>
<sZ>1 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>2 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>3 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>4 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>5 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>7 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>8 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>9 aut.</sZ>
</inist:fA14>
<country>États-Unis</country>
<placeName><region type="state">Maryland</region>
<settlement type="city">College Park (Maryland)</settlement>
</placeName>
<orgName type="university">Université du Maryland</orgName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Sutton, Troy" sort="Sutton, Troy" uniqKey="Sutton T" first="Troy" last="Sutton">Troy Sutton</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4"><inist:fA14 i1="01"><s1>Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Maryland</s1>
<s2>College Park, Maryland</s2>
<s3>USA</s3>
<sZ>1 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>2 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>3 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>4 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>5 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>7 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>8 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>9 aut.</sZ>
</inist:fA14>
<country>États-Unis</country>
<placeName><region type="state">Maryland</region>
<settlement type="city">College Park (Maryland)</settlement>
</placeName>
<orgName type="university">Université du Maryland</orgName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Perez, Daniel R" sort="Perez, Daniel R" uniqKey="Perez D" first="Daniel R." last="Perez">Daniel R. Perez</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4"><inist:fA14 i1="01"><s1>Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Maryland</s1>
<s2>College Park, Maryland</s2>
<s3>USA</s3>
<sZ>1 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>2 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>3 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>4 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>5 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>7 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>8 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>9 aut.</sZ>
</inist:fA14>
<country>États-Unis</country>
<placeName><region type="state">Maryland</region>
<settlement type="city">College Park (Maryland)</settlement>
</placeName>
<orgName type="university">Université du Maryland</orgName>
</affiliation>
</author>
</analytic>
<series><title level="j" type="main">Journal of virology</title>
<title level="j" type="abbreviated">J. virol.</title>
<idno type="ISSN">0022-538X</idno>
<imprint><date when="2012">2012</date>
</imprint>
</series>
</biblStruct>
</sourceDesc>
<seriesStmt><title level="j" type="main">Journal of virology</title>
<title level="j" type="abbreviated">J. virol.</title>
<idno type="ISSN">0022-538X</idno>
</seriesStmt>
</fileDesc>
<profileDesc><textClass><keywords scheme="KwdEn" xml:lang="en"><term>Avian influenzavirus</term>
<term>Bacterial pneumonia</term>
<term>Deletion</term>
<term>Mutation</term>
<term>Subtype</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="Pascal" xml:lang="fr"><term>Influenzavirus aviaire</term>
<term>Délétion</term>
<term>Mutation</term>
<term>Soustype</term>
<term>Pneumonie bactérienne</term>
</keywords>
</textClass>
</profileDesc>
</teiHeader>
<front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">We investigated the synergism between influenza virus and Streptococcus pneumoniae, particularly the role of deletions in the stalk region of the neuraminidase (NA) of H2N2 and H9N2 avian influenza viruses. Deletions in the NA stalk (ΔNA) had no effect on NA activity or on the adherence of S. pneumoniae to virus-infected human alveolar epithelial (A549) and mouse lung adenoma (LA-4) cells, although it delayed virus elution from turkey red blood cells. Sequential S. pneumoniae infection of mice previously inoculated with isogenic recombinant H2N2 and H9N2 influenza viruses displayed severe pneumonia, elevated levels of intrapulmonary proinflammatory responses, and death. No differences between the WT and ΔNA mutant viruses were detected with respect to effects on postinfluenza pneumococcal pneumonia as measured by bacterial growth, lung inflammation, morbidity, mortality, and cytokine/chemokine concentrations. Differences were observed, however, in influenza virus-infected mice that were treated with oseltamivir prior to a challenge with S. pneumoniae. Under these circumstances, mice infected with ΔNA viruses were associated with a better prognosis following a secondary bacterial challenge. These data suggest that the H2N2 and H9N2 subtypes of avian influenza A viruses can contribute to secondary bacterial pneumonia and deletions in the NA stalk may modulate its outcome in the context of antiviral therapy.</div>
</front>
</TEI>
</INIST>
<PMC><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">Deletions in the Neuraminidase Stalk Region of H2N2 and H9N2 Avian Influenza Virus Subtypes Do Not Affect Postinfluenza Secondary Bacterial Pneumonia</title>
<author><name sortKey="Chockalingam, Ashok K" sort="Chockalingam, Ashok K" uniqKey="Chockalingam A" first="Ashok K." last="Chockalingam">Ashok K. Chockalingam</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="aff1">Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Maryland</region>
<settlement type="city">College Park (Maryland)</settlement>
</placeName>
<orgName type="university">Université du Maryland</orgName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Hickman, Danielle" sort="Hickman, Danielle" uniqKey="Hickman D" first="Danielle" last="Hickman">Danielle Hickman</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="aff1">Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Maryland</region>
<settlement type="city">College Park (Maryland)</settlement>
</placeName>
<orgName type="university">Université du Maryland</orgName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Pena, Lindomar" sort="Pena, Lindomar" uniqKey="Pena L" first="Lindomar" last="Pena">Lindomar Pena</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="aff1">Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Maryland</region>
<settlement type="city">College Park (Maryland)</settlement>
</placeName>
<orgName type="university">Université du Maryland</orgName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ye, Jianqiang" sort="Ye, Jianqiang" uniqKey="Ye J" first="Jianqiang" last="Ye">Jianqiang Ye</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="aff1">Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Maryland</region>
<settlement type="city">College Park (Maryland)</settlement>
</placeName>
<orgName type="university">Université du Maryland</orgName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ferrero, Andrea" sort="Ferrero, Andrea" uniqKey="Ferrero A" first="Andrea" last="Ferrero">Andrea Ferrero</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="aff1">Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Maryland</region>
<settlement type="city">College Park (Maryland)</settlement>
</placeName>
<orgName type="university">Université du Maryland</orgName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Echenique, Jose R" sort="Echenique, Jose R" uniqKey="Echenique J" first="Jose R." last="Echenique">Jose R. Echenique</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff2">Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Ciudad Universitaria, Córdoba, Argentina</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Argentine</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Ciudad Universitaria, Córdoba</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Córdoba</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Chen, Hongjun" sort="Chen, Hongjun" uniqKey="Chen H" first="Hongjun" last="Chen">Hongjun Chen</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="aff1">Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Maryland</region>
<settlement type="city">College Park (Maryland)</settlement>
</placeName>
<orgName type="university">Université du Maryland</orgName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Sutton, Troy" sort="Sutton, Troy" uniqKey="Sutton T" first="Troy" last="Sutton">Troy Sutton</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="aff1">Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Maryland</region>
<settlement type="city">College Park (Maryland)</settlement>
</placeName>
<orgName type="university">Université du Maryland</orgName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Perez, Daniel R" sort="Perez, Daniel R" uniqKey="Perez D" first="Daniel R." last="Perez">Daniel R. Perez</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="aff1">Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Maryland</region>
<settlement type="city">College Park (Maryland)</settlement>
</placeName>
<orgName type="university">Université du Maryland</orgName>
</affiliation>
</author>
</titleStmt>
<publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PMC</idno>
<idno type="pmid">22278240</idno>
<idno type="pmc">3302490</idno>
<idno type="url">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3302490</idno>
<idno type="RBID">PMC:3302490</idno>
<idno type="doi">10.1128/JVI.05809-11</idno>
<date when="2012">2012</date>
<idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Corpus">000645</idno>
<idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PMC">000645</idno>
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<idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Checkpoint">000736</idno>
<idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Checkpoint">000736</idno>
<idno type="wicri:source">PubMed</idno>
<idno type="RBID">pubmed:22278240</idno>
<idno type="wicri:Area/PubMed/Corpus">000152</idno>
<idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="PubMed" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PubMed">000152</idno>
<idno type="wicri:Area/PubMed/Curation">000152</idno>
<idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="PubMed" wicri:step="Curation">000152</idno>
<idno type="wicri:Area/PubMed/Checkpoint">000135</idno>
<idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Checkpoint" wicri:step="PubMed">000135</idno>
<idno type="wicri:Area/Ncbi/Merge">000736</idno>
<idno type="wicri:Area/Ncbi/Curation">000736</idno>
<idno type="wicri:Area/Ncbi/Checkpoint">000736</idno>
<idno type="wicri:doubleKey">0022-538X:2012:Chockalingam A:deletions:in:the</idno>
<idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Merge">000A70</idno>
</publicationStmt>
<sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">Deletions in the Neuraminidase Stalk Region of H2N2 and H9N2 Avian Influenza Virus Subtypes Do Not Affect Postinfluenza Secondary Bacterial Pneumonia</title>
<author><name sortKey="Chockalingam, Ashok K" sort="Chockalingam, Ashok K" uniqKey="Chockalingam A" first="Ashok K." last="Chockalingam">Ashok K. Chockalingam</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="aff1">Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Maryland</region>
<settlement type="city">College Park (Maryland)</settlement>
</placeName>
<orgName type="university">Université du Maryland</orgName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Hickman, Danielle" sort="Hickman, Danielle" uniqKey="Hickman D" first="Danielle" last="Hickman">Danielle Hickman</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="aff1">Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Maryland</region>
<settlement type="city">College Park (Maryland)</settlement>
</placeName>
<orgName type="university">Université du Maryland</orgName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Pena, Lindomar" sort="Pena, Lindomar" uniqKey="Pena L" first="Lindomar" last="Pena">Lindomar Pena</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="aff1">Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Maryland</region>
<settlement type="city">College Park (Maryland)</settlement>
</placeName>
<orgName type="university">Université du Maryland</orgName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ye, Jianqiang" sort="Ye, Jianqiang" uniqKey="Ye J" first="Jianqiang" last="Ye">Jianqiang Ye</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="aff1">Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Maryland</region>
<settlement type="city">College Park (Maryland)</settlement>
</placeName>
<orgName type="university">Université du Maryland</orgName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ferrero, Andrea" sort="Ferrero, Andrea" uniqKey="Ferrero A" first="Andrea" last="Ferrero">Andrea Ferrero</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="aff1">Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Maryland</region>
<settlement type="city">College Park (Maryland)</settlement>
</placeName>
<orgName type="university">Université du Maryland</orgName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Echenique, Jose R" sort="Echenique, Jose R" uniqKey="Echenique J" first="Jose R." last="Echenique">Jose R. Echenique</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff2">Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Ciudad Universitaria, Córdoba, Argentina</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Argentine</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Ciudad Universitaria, Córdoba</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Córdoba</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Chen, Hongjun" sort="Chen, Hongjun" uniqKey="Chen H" first="Hongjun" last="Chen">Hongjun Chen</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="aff1">Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Maryland</region>
<settlement type="city">College Park (Maryland)</settlement>
</placeName>
<orgName type="university">Université du Maryland</orgName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Sutton, Troy" sort="Sutton, Troy" uniqKey="Sutton T" first="Troy" last="Sutton">Troy Sutton</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="aff1">Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Maryland</region>
<settlement type="city">College Park (Maryland)</settlement>
</placeName>
<orgName type="university">Université du Maryland</orgName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Perez, Daniel R" sort="Perez, Daniel R" uniqKey="Perez D" first="Daniel R." last="Perez">Daniel R. Perez</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="aff1">Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Maryland</region>
<settlement type="city">College Park (Maryland)</settlement>
</placeName>
<orgName type="university">Université du Maryland</orgName>
</affiliation>
</author>
</analytic>
<series><title level="j">Journal of Virology</title>
<idno type="ISSN">0022-538X</idno>
<idno type="eISSN">1098-5514</idno>
<imprint><date when="2012">2012</date>
</imprint>
</series>
</biblStruct>
</sourceDesc>
</fileDesc>
<profileDesc><textClass><keywords scheme="KwdEn" xml:lang="en"><term>Amino Acid Motifs</term>
<term>Animals</term>
<term>Bacterial Adhesion</term>
<term>Cell Line</term>
<term>Chickens</term>
<term>Coinfection (microbiology)</term>
<term>Coinfection (virology)</term>
<term>Female</term>
<term>Gene Deletion</term>
<term>Humans</term>
<term>Influenza A Virus, H2N2 Subtype (chemistry)</term>
<term>Influenza A Virus, H2N2 Subtype (enzymology)</term>
<term>Influenza A Virus, H2N2 Subtype (genetics)</term>
<term>Influenza A Virus, H9N2 Subtype (chemistry)</term>
<term>Influenza A Virus, H9N2 Subtype (enzymology)</term>
<term>Influenza A Virus, H9N2 Subtype (genetics)</term>
<term>Influenza in Birds (virology)</term>
<term>Influenza, Human (complications)</term>
<term>Influenza, Human (virology)</term>
<term>Lung (microbiology)</term>
<term>Lung (virology)</term>
<term>Mice</term>
<term>Mice, Inbred BALB C</term>
<term>Neuraminidase (chemistry)</term>
<term>Neuraminidase (genetics)</term>
<term>Neuraminidase (metabolism)</term>
<term>Pneumonia, Bacterial (complications)</term>
<term>Pneumonia, Bacterial (microbiology)</term>
<term>Streptococcus pneumoniae (physiology)</term>
<term>Viral Proteins (chemistry)</term>
<term>Viral Proteins (genetics)</term>
<term>Viral Proteins (metabolism)</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="KwdFr" xml:lang="fr"><term>Adhérence bactérienne</term>
<term>Animaux</term>
<term>Co-infection (microbiologie)</term>
<term>Co-infection (virologie)</term>
<term>Délétion de gène</term>
<term>Femelle</term>
<term>Grippe chez les oiseaux (virologie)</term>
<term>Grippe humaine ()</term>
<term>Grippe humaine (virologie)</term>
<term>Humains</term>
<term>Lignée cellulaire</term>
<term>Motifs d'acides aminés</term>
<term>Pneumopathie bactérienne ()</term>
<term>Pneumopathie bactérienne (microbiologie)</term>
<term>Poulets</term>
<term>Poumon (microbiologie)</term>
<term>Poumon (virologie)</term>
<term>Protéines virales ()</term>
<term>Protéines virales (génétique)</term>
<term>Protéines virales (métabolisme)</term>
<term>Sialidase ()</term>
<term>Sialidase (génétique)</term>
<term>Sialidase (métabolisme)</term>
<term>Souris</term>
<term>Souris de lignée BALB C</term>
<term>Sous-type H2N2 du virus de la grippe A ()</term>
<term>Sous-type H2N2 du virus de la grippe A (enzymologie)</term>
<term>Sous-type H2N2 du virus de la grippe A (génétique)</term>
<term>Sous-type H9N2 du virus de la grippe A ()</term>
<term>Sous-type H9N2 du virus de la grippe A (enzymologie)</term>
<term>Sous-type H9N2 du virus de la grippe A (génétique)</term>
<term>Streptococcus pneumoniae (physiologie)</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" type="chemical" qualifier="chemistry" xml:lang="en"><term>Neuraminidase</term>
<term>Viral Proteins</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="chemistry" xml:lang="en"><term>Influenza A Virus, H2N2 Subtype</term>
<term>Influenza A Virus, H9N2 Subtype</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="complications" xml:lang="en"><term>Influenza, Human</term>
<term>Pneumonia, Bacterial</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="enzymologie" xml:lang="fr"><term>Sous-type H2N2 du virus de la grippe A</term>
<term>Sous-type H9N2 du virus de la grippe A</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="enzymology" xml:lang="en"><term>Influenza A Virus, H2N2 Subtype</term>
<term>Influenza A Virus, H9N2 Subtype</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="genetics" xml:lang="en"><term>Influenza A Virus, H2N2 Subtype</term>
<term>Influenza A Virus, H9N2 Subtype</term>
<term>Neuraminidase</term>
<term>Viral Proteins</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="génétique" xml:lang="fr"><term>Protéines virales</term>
<term>Sialidase</term>
<term>Sous-type H2N2 du virus de la grippe A</term>
<term>Sous-type H9N2 du virus de la grippe A</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" type="chemical" qualifier="metabolism" xml:lang="en"><term>Neuraminidase</term>
<term>Viral Proteins</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="microbiologie" xml:lang="fr"><term>Co-infection</term>
<term>Pneumopathie bactérienne</term>
<term>Poumon</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="microbiology" xml:lang="en"><term>Coinfection</term>
<term>Lung</term>
<term>Pneumonia, Bacterial</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="métabolisme" xml:lang="fr"><term>Protéines virales</term>
<term>Sialidase</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="physiologie" xml:lang="fr"><term>Streptococcus pneumoniae</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="physiology" xml:lang="en"><term>Streptococcus pneumoniae</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="virologie" xml:lang="fr"><term>Co-infection</term>
<term>Grippe chez les oiseaux</term>
<term>Grippe humaine</term>
<term>Poumon</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="virology" xml:lang="en"><term>Coinfection</term>
<term>Influenza in Birds</term>
<term>Influenza, Human</term>
<term>Lung</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="en"><term>Amino Acid Motifs</term>
<term>Animals</term>
<term>Bacterial Adhesion</term>
<term>Cell Line</term>
<term>Chickens</term>
<term>Female</term>
<term>Gene Deletion</term>
<term>Humans</term>
<term>Mice</term>
<term>Mice, Inbred BALB C</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="fr"><term>Adhérence bactérienne</term>
<term>Animaux</term>
<term>Délétion de gène</term>
<term>Femelle</term>
<term>Grippe humaine</term>
<term>Humains</term>
<term>Lignée cellulaire</term>
<term>Motifs d'acides aminés</term>
<term>Pneumopathie bactérienne</term>
<term>Poulets</term>
<term>Protéines virales</term>
<term>Sialidase</term>
<term>Souris</term>
<term>Souris de lignée BALB C</term>
<term>Sous-type H2N2 du virus de la grippe A</term>
<term>Sous-type H9N2 du virus de la grippe A</term>
</keywords>
</textClass>
</profileDesc>
</teiHeader>
<front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p>We investigated the synergism between influenza virus and <named-content content-type="genus-species">Streptococcus pneumoniae</named-content>
, particularly the role of deletions in the stalk region of the neuraminidase (NA) of H2N2 and H9N2 avian influenza viruses. Deletions in the NA stalk (ΔNA) had no effect on NA activity or on the adherence of <named-content content-type="genus-species">S. pneumoniae</named-content>
to virus-infected human alveolar epithelial (A549) and mouse lung adenoma (LA-4) cells, although it delayed virus elution from turkey red blood cells. Sequential <named-content content-type="genus-species">S. pneumoniae</named-content>
infection of mice previously inoculated with isogenic recombinant H2N2 and H9N2 influenza viruses displayed severe pneumonia, elevated levels of intrapulmonary proinflammatory responses, and death. No differences between the WT and ΔNA mutant viruses were detected with respect to effects on postinfluenza pneumococcal pneumonia as measured by bacterial growth, lung inflammation, morbidity, mortality, and cytokine/chemokine concentrations. Differences were observed, however, in influenza virus-infected mice that were treated with oseltamivir prior to a challenge with <named-content content-type="genus-species">S. pneumoniae</named-content>
. Under these circumstances, mice infected with ΔNA viruses were associated with a better prognosis following a secondary bacterial challenge. These data suggest that the H2N2 and H9N2 subtypes of avian influenza A viruses can contribute to secondary bacterial pneumonia and deletions in the NA stalk may modulate its outcome in the context of antiviral therapy.</p>
</div>
</front>
</TEI>
</PMC>
</double>
</record>
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