A Simultaneous Discovery: The Case of Johannes Stark and Antonino Lo Surdo
Identifieur interne : 001417 ( Istex/Corpus ); précédent : 001416; suivant : 001418A Simultaneous Discovery: The Case of Johannes Stark and Antonino Lo Surdo
Auteurs : Matteo Leone ; Alessandro Paoletti ; Nadia RobottiSource :
- Physics in Perspective [ 1422-6944 ] ; 2004-09-01.
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Abstract
Abstract: In 1913 the German physicist Johannes Stark (1874–1957) and the Italian physicist Antonino Lo Surdo (1880–1949)discovered virtually simultaneously and independently that hydrogen spectral lines are split into components by an external electric field. Both of their discoveries ensued from studies on the same phenomenon, the Doppler effect in canal rays, but they arose in different theoretical contexts. Stark had been working within the context of the emerging quantum theory, following a research program aimed at studying the effect of an electric field on spectral lines. Lo Surdo had been working within the context of the classical theory, and his was an accidental discovery. Both discoveries, however, played important roles in the history of physics: Stark’s discovery contributed to the establishment of both the old and the new quantum theories; Lo Surdo’s discovery led Antonio Garbasso (1871–1933)to introduce research on the quantum theory into Italian physics. Ironically, soon after their discoveries, both Stark and Lo Surdo rejected developments in modern physics and allied themselves with the political and racial programs of Hitler and Mussolini.
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DOI: 10.1007/s00016-003-0170-2
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Both of their discoveries ensued from studies on the same phenomenon, the Doppler effect in canal rays, but they arose in different theoretical contexts. Stark had been working within the context of the emerging quantum theory, following a research program aimed at studying the effect of an electric field on spectral lines. Lo Surdo had been working within the context of the classical theory, and his was an accidental discovery. Both discoveries, however, played important roles in the history of physics: Stark’s discovery contributed to the establishment of both the old and the new quantum theories; Lo Surdo’s discovery led Antonio Garbasso (1871–1933)to introduce research on the quantum theory into Italian physics. 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Grant="Restricted"></BibliographyGrant><ESMGrant Grant="Restricted"></ESMGrant></ArticleGrants></ArticleInfo><ArticleHeader><AuthorGroup><Author AffiliationIDS="Aff1" CorrespondingAffiliationID="Aff1"><AuthorName DisplayOrder="Western"><GivenName>Matteo</GivenName><FamilyName>Leone</FamilyName></AuthorName><Contact><Email>matteo.leone@usa.net</Email></Contact></Author><Author AffiliationIDS="Aff2"><AuthorName DisplayOrder="Western"><GivenName>Alessandro</GivenName><FamilyName>Paoletti</FamilyName></AuthorName><Contact><Email>paoletti@fisica.unige.it</Email></Contact></Author><Author AffiliationIDS="Aff2"><AuthorName DisplayOrder="Western"><GivenName>Nadia</GivenName><FamilyName>Robotti</FamilyName></AuthorName><Contact><Email>robotti@fisica.unige.it</Email></Contact></Author><Affiliation ID="Aff1"><OrgDivision>Seminario di Storia della Scienza</OrgDivision><OrgName>University of Bari</OrgName><OrgAddress><Street>Piazza Umberto I,1</Street><Postcode>70121</Postcode><City>Bari</City><Country>Italy</Country></OrgAddress></Affiliation><Affiliation ID="Aff2"><OrgDivision>Department of Physics</OrgDivision><OrgName>University of Genova</OrgName><OrgAddress><Street>Via Dodecaneso 33</Street><Postcode>16100</Postcode><City>Genova</City><Country>Italy</Country></OrgAddress></Affiliation></AuthorGroup><Abstract Language="En" ID="Abs1"><Heading>Abstract</Heading><Para>In 1913 the German physicist Johannes Stark (1874–1957) and the Italian physicist Antonino Lo Surdo (1880–1949)discovered virtually simultaneously and independently that hydrogen spectral lines are split into components by an external electric field. Both of their discoveries ensued from studies on the same phenomenon, the Doppler effect in canal rays, but they arose in different theoretical contexts. Stark had been working within the context of the emerging quantum theory, following a research program aimed at studying the effect of an electric field on spectral lines. Lo Surdo had been working within the context of the classical theory, and his was an accidental discovery. Both discoveries, however, played important roles in the history of physics: Stark’s discovery contributed to the establishment of both the old and the new quantum theories; Lo Surdo’s discovery led Antonio Garbasso (1871–1933)to introduce research on the quantum theory into Italian physics. Ironically, soon after their discoveries, both Stark and Lo Surdo rejected developments in modern physics and allied themselves with the political and racial programs of Hitler and Mussolini.</Para></Abstract><KeywordGroup Language="En"><Heading>Key words:</Heading><Keyword>Johannes Stark</Keyword><Keyword>Antonino Lo Surdo</Keyword><Keyword>Antonio Garbasso</Keyword><Keyword>Woldemar Voigt</Keyword><Keyword>Stark effect</Keyword><Keyword>Stark-Lo Surdo phenomenon</Keyword><Keyword>Lo Surdo method</Keyword><Keyword>canal rays</Keyword><Keyword>Doppler effect</Keyword><Keyword>retrograde rays</Keyword></KeywordGroup><ArticleNote Type="Misc"><SimplePara>Matteo Leone is a doctoral student in the history of science at the University of Bari, Italy;his main fields of research are the history of spectroscopy and atomic physics. Alessandro Paoletti is Curator of the Museum of the Department of Physics at the University of Genoa, Italy. Nadia Robotti is Professor of the History of Physics at the University of Genoa; her main fields of research are the history of atomic physics, the old quantum theory, and spectroscopy.</SimplePara></ArticleNote></ArticleHeader><NoBody></NoBody></Article></Issue></Volume></Journal></Publisher></istex:document></istex:metadataXml><mods version="3.6"><titleInfo lang="en"><title>A Simultaneous Discovery: The Case of Johannes Stark and Antonino Lo Surdo</title></titleInfo><titleInfo type="alternative" contentType="CDATA"><title>A Simultaneous Discovery: The Case of Johannes Stark and Antonino Lo Surdo</title></titleInfo><name type="personal" displayLabel="corresp"><namePart type="given">Matteo</namePart><namePart type="family">Leone</namePart><affiliation>Seminario di Storia della Scienza, University of Bari, Piazza Umberto I,1, 70121, Bari, Italy</affiliation><affiliation>E-mail: matteo.leone@usa.net</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Alessandro</namePart><namePart type="family">Paoletti</namePart><affiliation>Department of Physics, University of Genova, Via Dodecaneso 33, 16100, Genova, Italy</affiliation><affiliation>E-mail: paoletti@fisica.unige.it</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Nadia</namePart><namePart type="family">Robotti</namePart><affiliation>Department of Physics, University of Genova, Via Dodecaneso 33, 16100, Genova, Italy</affiliation><affiliation>E-mail: robotti@fisica.unige.it</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><typeOfResource>text</typeOfResource><genre type="research-article" displayLabel="OriginalPaper" authority="ISTEX" authorityURI="https://content-type.data.istex.fr" valueURI="https://content-type.data.istex.fr/ark:/67375/XTP-1JC4F85T-7">research-article</genre><originInfo><publisher>Birkhäuser-Verlag; www.birkhauser.ch</publisher><place><placeTerm type="text">Basel</placeTerm></place><dateIssued encoding="w3cdtf">2004-09-01</dateIssued><copyrightDate encoding="w3cdtf">2004</copyrightDate></originInfo><language><languageTerm type="code" authority="rfc3066">en</languageTerm><languageTerm type="code" authority="iso639-2b">eng</languageTerm></language><abstract lang="en">Abstract: In 1913 the German physicist Johannes Stark (1874–1957) and the Italian physicist Antonino Lo Surdo (1880–1949)discovered virtually simultaneously and independently that hydrogen spectral lines are split into components by an external electric field. Both of their discoveries ensued from studies on the same phenomenon, the Doppler effect in canal rays, but they arose in different theoretical contexts. Stark had been working within the context of the emerging quantum theory, following a research program aimed at studying the effect of an electric field on spectral lines. Lo Surdo had been working within the context of the classical theory, and his was an accidental discovery. Both discoveries, however, played important roles in the history of physics: Stark’s discovery contributed to the establishment of both the old and the new quantum theories; Lo Surdo’s discovery led Antonio Garbasso (1871–1933)to introduce research on the quantum theory into Italian physics. Ironically, soon after their discoveries, both Stark and Lo Surdo rejected developments in modern physics and allied themselves with the political and racial programs of Hitler and Mussolini.</abstract><note>Original Paper</note><subject lang="en"><genre>Key words:</genre><topic>Johannes Stark</topic><topic>Antonino Lo Surdo</topic><topic>Antonio Garbasso</topic><topic>Woldemar Voigt</topic><topic>Stark effect</topic><topic>Stark-Lo Surdo phenomenon</topic><topic>Lo Surdo method</topic><topic>canal rays</topic><topic>Doppler effect</topic><topic>retrograde rays</topic></subject><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Physics in Perspective</title></titleInfo><titleInfo type="abbreviated"><title>Phys. perspect.</title></titleInfo><genre type="journal" authority="ISTEX" authorityURI="https://publication-type.data.istex.fr" valueURI="https://publication-type.data.istex.fr/ark:/67375/JMC-0GLKJH51-B">journal</genre><originInfo><publisher>Springer</publisher><dateIssued encoding="w3cdtf">2004-09-01</dateIssued><copyrightDate encoding="w3cdtf">2004</copyrightDate></originInfo><subject><genre>Physics</genre></subject><identifier type="ISSN">1422-6944</identifier><identifier type="eISSN">1422-6960</identifier><identifier type="JournalID">16</identifier><identifier type="VolumeIssueCount">4</identifier><part><date>2004</date><detail type="volume"><number>6</number><caption>vol.</caption></detail><detail type="issue"><number>3</number><caption>no.</caption></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>271</start><end>294</end></extent></part><recordInfo><recordOrigin>Birkhäuser-Verlag, Basel, 2004</recordOrigin></recordInfo></relatedItem><identifier type="istex">56DD4A35FD455709ABE79169632B645BB27DCDB7</identifier><identifier type="ark">ark:/67375/VQC-PFDXKF3L-R</identifier><identifier type="DOI">10.1007/s00016-003-0170-2</identifier><identifier type="ArticleID">170</identifier><identifier type="ArticleID">Art3</identifier><accessCondition type="use and reproduction" contentType="copyright">Birkhäuser-Verlag, Basel, 2004</accessCondition><recordInfo><recordContentSource authority="ISTEX" authorityURI="https://loaded-corpus.data.istex.fr" valueURI="https://loaded-corpus.data.istex.fr/ark:/67375/XBH-3XSW68JL-F">springer</recordContentSource><recordOrigin>Birkhäuser-Verlag, Basel, 2004</recordOrigin></recordInfo></mods><json:item><extension>json</extension><original>false</original><mimetype>application/json</mimetype><uri>https://api.istex.fr/ark:/67375/VQC-PFDXKF3L-R/record.json</uri></json:item></metadata><serie></serie></istex></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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