Efficacy of a cold‐adapted, intranasal, equine influenza vaccine: challenge trials
Identifieur interne : 001408 ( Istex/Corpus ); précédent : 001407; suivant : 001409Efficacy of a cold‐adapted, intranasal, equine influenza vaccine: challenge trials
Auteurs : H. G. G. Townsend ; S. J. Penner ; T. C. Watts ; A. Cook ; J. Bogdan ; D. M. Haines ; S. Griffin ; T. Chambers ; R. E. Holland ; P. Whitaker-Dowling ; J. S. Youngner ; R. W. SebringSource :
- Equine Veterinary Journal [ 0425-1644 ] ; 2001-11.
English descriptors
- Teeft :
- Blood samples, Bogdan, Challenge facility, Challenge trials, Clinical protection, Clinical scores, Clinical signs, Control animals, Control groups, Days postchallenge, Equine, Equine influenza, Equine influenza vaccine, Equine influenza virus, Equine practnrs, Fort collins, Haines, Heska corporation, Influenza, Influenza virus, Lunn, Median, Month challenge, Month challenges, Months postvaccination, Morley, Mumford, Nasal, Nasal discharge, Nasal swabs, Natural challenge, Postchallenge, Rectal, Rectal temperature, Rectal temperatures, Serological, Serological response, Swab, Townsend, Vaccinate, Vaccinated, Vaccinated animals, Vaccinates, Vaccination, Vaccine, Vaccine virus, Virus, Virus isolation, Virus vaccine, Week challenge, Whole virus vaccines, Youngner.
Abstract
A randomised, controlled, double‐blind, influenza virus, aerosol challenge of horses was undertaken to determine the efficacy of a cold‐adapted, temperature sensitive, modified‐live virus, intranasal, equine influenza vaccine. Ninety 11‐month‐old influenza‐naïve foals were assigned randomly to 3 groups (20 vaccinates and 10 controls per group) and challenged 5 weeks, 6 and 12 months after a single vaccination. Challenges were performed on Day 0 in a plastic‐lined chamber. Between Days 1 and 10, animals were examined daily for evidence of clinical signs of influenza. Nasal swabs for virus isolation were obtained on Day 1 and Days 1 to 8 and blood samples for serology were collected on Days 1, 7 and 14. There was no adverse response to vaccination in any animal. Following challenge at 5 weeks and 6 months, vaccinates had significantly lower clinical scores (P = 0.0001 and 0.005, respectively), experienced smaller increases in rectal temperature (P = 0.0008 and 0.0007, respectively) and shed less virus (P<0.0001 and P = 0.03, respectively) over fewer days (P<0.0001 and P = 0.002, respectively) than did the controls. After the 12 month challenge, rectal temperatures (P = 0.006) as well as the duration (P = 0.03) and concentration of virus shed (P = 0.04) were significantly reduced among vaccinated animals. The results of this study showed that 6 months after a single dose of vaccine the duration and severity of clinical signs were markedly reduced amongst vaccinated animals exposed to a severe live‐virus challenge. Appropriate use of this vaccine should lead to a marked reduction in the frequency, severity and duration of outbreaks of equine influenza in North America.
Url:
DOI: 10.2746/042516401776249354
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ISTEX:DDD3E75B61BC5F924443D0530DC0CBBFDDC3922FLe document en format XML
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Penner</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Heska Corporation, 1613 Prospect Parkway, Fort Collins, Colorado 80525</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Watts, T C" sort="Watts, T C" uniqKey="Watts T" first="T. C." last="Watts">T. C. Watts</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada S7N 5B4</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Cook, A" sort="Cook, A" uniqKey="Cook A" first="A." last="Cook">A. Cook</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada S7N 5B4</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bogdan, J" sort="Bogdan, J" uniqKey="Bogdan J" first="J." last="Bogdan">J. Bogdan</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Veterinary Microbiology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada S7N 5B4</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Haines, D M" sort="Haines, D M" uniqKey="Haines D" first="D. M." last="Haines">D. M. Haines</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Veterinary Microbiology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada S7N 5B4</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Griffin, S" sort="Griffin, S" uniqKey="Griffin S" first="S." last="Griffin">S. Griffin</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada S7N 5B4</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Chambers, T" sort="Chambers, T" uniqKey="Chambers T" first="T." last="Chambers">T. 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Townsend</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada S7N 5B4</mods:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Correspondence address: Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada S7N 5B4</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Penner, S J" sort="Penner, S J" uniqKey="Penner S" first="S. J." last="Penner">S. J. Penner</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Heska Corporation, 1613 Prospect Parkway, Fort Collins, Colorado 80525</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Watts, T C" sort="Watts, T C" uniqKey="Watts T" first="T. C." last="Watts">T. C. Watts</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada S7N 5B4</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Cook, A" sort="Cook, A" uniqKey="Cook A" first="A." last="Cook">A. Cook</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada S7N 5B4</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bogdan, J" sort="Bogdan, J" uniqKey="Bogdan J" first="J." last="Bogdan">J. Bogdan</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Veterinary Microbiology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada S7N 5B4</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Haines, D M" sort="Haines, D M" uniqKey="Haines D" first="D. M." last="Haines">D. M. Haines</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Veterinary Microbiology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada S7N 5B4</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Griffin, S" sort="Griffin, S" uniqKey="Griffin S" first="S." last="Griffin">S. Griffin</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada S7N 5B4</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Chambers, T" sort="Chambers, T" uniqKey="Chambers T" first="T." last="Chambers">T. Chambers</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Veterinary Science, University of Kentucky, 108 Gluck Equine Research Center, Lexington, Kentucky 40546</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Holland, R E" sort="Holland, R E" uniqKey="Holland R" first="R. E." last="Holland">R. E. Holland</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Veterinary Science, University of Kentucky, 108 Gluck Equine Research Center, Lexington, Kentucky 40546</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Whitaker Owling, P" sort="Whitaker Owling, P" uniqKey="Whitaker Owling P" first="P." last="Whitaker-Dowling">P. Whitaker-Dowling</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, USA</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Youngner, J S" sort="Youngner, J S" uniqKey="Youngner J" first="J. S." last="Youngner">J. S. Youngner</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, USA</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sebring, R W" sort="Sebring, R W" uniqKey="Sebring R" first="R. W." last="Sebring">R. W. Sebring</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Heska Corporation, 1613 Prospect Parkway, Fort Collins, Colorado 80525</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author></analytic><monogr></monogr><series><title level="j" type="main">Equine Veterinary Journal</title><title level="j" type="alt">EQUINE VETERINARY JNL</title><idno type="ISSN">0425-1644</idno><idno type="eISSN">2042-3306</idno><imprint><biblScope unit="vol">33</biblScope><biblScope unit="issue">7</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" from="637">637</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" to="643">643</biblScope><biblScope unit="page-count">7</biblScope><publisher>Blackwell Publishing Ltd</publisher><pubPlace>Oxford, UK</pubPlace><date type="published" when="2001-11">2001-11</date></imprint><idno type="ISSN">0425-1644</idno></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc><seriesStmt><idno type="ISSN">0425-1644</idno></seriesStmt></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass><keywords scheme="Teeft" xml:lang="en"><term>Blood samples</term><term>Bogdan</term><term>Challenge facility</term><term>Challenge trials</term><term>Clinical protection</term><term>Clinical scores</term><term>Clinical signs</term><term>Control animals</term><term>Control groups</term><term>Days postchallenge</term><term>Equine</term><term>Equine influenza</term><term>Equine influenza vaccine</term><term>Equine influenza virus</term><term>Equine practnrs</term><term>Fort collins</term><term>Haines</term><term>Heska corporation</term><term>Influenza</term><term>Influenza virus</term><term>Lunn</term><term>Median</term><term>Month challenge</term><term>Month challenges</term><term>Months postvaccination</term><term>Morley</term><term>Mumford</term><term>Nasal</term><term>Nasal discharge</term><term>Nasal swabs</term><term>Natural challenge</term><term>Postchallenge</term><term>Rectal</term><term>Rectal temperature</term><term>Rectal temperatures</term><term>Serological</term><term>Serological response</term><term>Swab</term><term>Townsend</term><term>Vaccinate</term><term>Vaccinated</term><term>Vaccinated animals</term><term>Vaccinates</term><term>Vaccination</term><term>Vaccine</term><term>Vaccine virus</term><term>Virus</term><term>Virus isolation</term><term>Virus vaccine</term><term>Week challenge</term><term>Whole virus vaccines</term><term>Youngner</term></keywords></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">A randomised, controlled, double‐blind, influenza virus, aerosol challenge of horses was undertaken to determine the efficacy of a cold‐adapted, temperature sensitive, modified‐live virus, intranasal, equine influenza vaccine. Ninety 11‐month‐old influenza‐naïve foals were assigned randomly to 3 groups (20 vaccinates and 10 controls per group) and challenged 5 weeks, 6 and 12 months after a single vaccination. Challenges were performed on Day 0 in a plastic‐lined chamber. Between Days 1 and 10, animals were examined daily for evidence of clinical signs of influenza. Nasal swabs for virus isolation were obtained on Day 1 and Days 1 to 8 and blood samples for serology were collected on Days 1, 7 and 14. There was no adverse response to vaccination in any animal. Following challenge at 5 weeks and 6 months, vaccinates had significantly lower clinical scores (P = 0.0001 and 0.005, respectively), experienced smaller increases in rectal temperature (P = 0.0008 and 0.0007, respectively) and shed less virus (P<0.0001 and P = 0.03, respectively) over fewer days (P<0.0001 and P = 0.002, respectively) than did the controls. After the 12 month challenge, rectal temperatures (P = 0.006) as well as the duration (P = 0.03) and concentration of virus shed (P = 0.04) were significantly reduced among vaccinated animals. The results of this study showed that 6 months after a single dose of vaccine the duration and severity of clinical signs were markedly reduced amongst vaccinated animals exposed to a severe live‐virus challenge. Appropriate use of this vaccine should lead to a marked reduction in the frequency, severity and duration of outbreaks of equine influenza in North America.</div></front></TEI><istex><corpusName>wiley</corpusName><keywords><teeft><json:string>vaccinate</json:string><json:string>vaccine</json:string><json:string>vaccinates</json:string><json:string>vaccinated</json:string><json:string>postchallenge</json:string><json:string>equine</json:string><json:string>youngner</json:string><json:string>influenza</json:string><json:string>rectal</json:string><json:string>vaccinated animals</json:string><json:string>lunn</json:string><json:string>control animals</json:string><json:string>clinical signs</json:string><json:string>vaccination</json:string><json:string>bogdan</json:string><json:string>townsend</json:string><json:string>equine influenza vaccine</json:string><json:string>haines</json:string><json:string>influenza virus</json:string><json:string>swab</json:string><json:string>equine influenza</json:string><json:string>mumford</json:string><json:string>clinical scores</json:string><json:string>serological response</json:string><json:string>nasal discharge</json:string><json:string>rectal temperatures</json:string><json:string>virus isolation</json:string><json:string>days postchallenge</json:string><json:string>rectal temperature</json:string><json:string>median</json:string><json:string>challenge trials</json:string><json:string>months postvaccination</json:string><json:string>nasal</json:string><json:string>morley</json:string><json:string>vaccine virus</json:string><json:string>blood samples</json:string><json:string>heska corporation</json:string><json:string>natural challenge</json:string><json:string>nasal swabs</json:string><json:string>control groups</json:string><json:string>whole virus vaccines</json:string><json:string>equine influenza virus</json:string><json:string>month challenge</json:string><json:string>equine practnrs</json:string><json:string>month challenges</json:string><json:string>fort collins</json:string><json:string>week challenge</json:string><json:string>clinical protection</json:string><json:string>challenge facility</json:string><json:string>virus vaccine</json:string><json:string>virus</json:string><json:string>serological</json:string></teeft></keywords><author><json:item><name>H. G. G. TOWNSEND</name><affiliations><json:string>Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada S7N 5B4</json:string><json:string>Correspondence address: Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada S7N 5B4</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>S. J. PENNER</name><affiliations><json:string>Department of Heska Corporation, 1613 Prospect Parkway, Fort Collins, Colorado 80525</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>T. C. WATTS</name><affiliations><json:string>Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada S7N 5B4</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>A. COOK</name><affiliations><json:string>Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada S7N 5B4</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>J. BOGDAN</name><affiliations><json:string>Department of Veterinary Microbiology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada S7N 5B4</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>D. M. HAINES</name><affiliations><json:string>Department of Veterinary Microbiology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada S7N 5B4</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>S. GRIFFIN</name><affiliations><json:string>Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada S7N 5B4</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>T. CHAMBERS</name><affiliations><json:string>Department of Veterinary Science, University of Kentucky, 108 Gluck Equine Research Center, Lexington, Kentucky 40546</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>R. E. HOLLAND</name><affiliations><json:string>Department of Veterinary Science, University of Kentucky, 108 Gluck Equine Research Center, Lexington, Kentucky 40546</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>P. WHITAKER‐DOWLING</name><affiliations><json:string>Department of Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, USA</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>J. S. YOUNGNER</name><affiliations><json:string>Department of Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, USA</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>R. W. SEBRING</name><affiliations><json:string>Department of Heska Corporation, 1613 Prospect Parkway, Fort Collins, Colorado 80525</json:string></affiliations></json:item></author><subject><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>horse</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>influenza</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>cold‐adapted</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>vaccine</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>challenge trial</value></json:item></subject><articleId><json:string>EVJ660</json:string></articleId><arkIstex>ark:/67375/WNG-W6LVVFG3-K</arkIstex><language><json:string>eng</json:string></language><originalGenre><json:string>article</json:string></originalGenre><abstract>A randomised, controlled, double‐blind, influenza virus, aerosol challenge of horses was undertaken to determine the efficacy of a cold‐adapted, temperature sensitive, modified‐live virus, intranasal, equine influenza vaccine. Ninety 11‐month‐old influenza‐naïve foals were assigned randomly to 3 groups (20 vaccinates and 10 controls per group) and challenged 5 weeks, 6 and 12 months after a single vaccination. Challenges were performed on Day 0 in a plastic‐lined chamber. Between Days 1 and 10, animals were examined daily for evidence of clinical signs of influenza. Nasal swabs for virus isolation were obtained on Day 1 and Days 1 to 8 and blood samples for serology were collected on Days 1, 7 and 14. There was no adverse response to vaccination in any animal. Following challenge at 5 weeks and 6 months, vaccinates had significantly lower clinical scores (P = 0.0001 and 0.005, respectively), experienced smaller increases in rectal temperature (P = 0.0008 and 0.0007, respectively) and shed less virus (P>0.0001 and P = 0.03, respectively) over fewer days (P>0.0001 and P = 0.002, respectively) than did the controls. After the 12 month challenge, rectal temperatures (P = 0.006) as well as the duration (P = 0.03) and concentration of virus shed (P = 0.04) were significantly reduced among vaccinated animals. The results of this study showed that 6 months after a single dose of vaccine the duration and severity of clinical signs were markedly reduced amongst vaccinated animals exposed to a severe live‐virus challenge. Appropriate use of this vaccine should lead to a marked reduction in the frequency, severity and duration of outbreaks of equine influenza in North America.</abstract><qualityIndicators><score>10</score><pdfWordCount>5599</pdfWordCount><pdfCharCount>36426</pdfCharCount><pdfVersion>1.4</pdfVersion><pdfPageCount>7</pdfPageCount><pdfPageSize>595 x 842 pts (A4)</pdfPageSize><pdfWordsPerPage>800</pdfWordsPerPage><pdfText>true</pdfText><refBibsNative>true</refBibsNative><abstractWordCount>266</abstractWordCount><abstractCharCount>1693</abstractCharCount><keywordCount>5</keywordCount></qualityIndicators><title>Efficacy of a cold‐adapted, intranasal, equine influenza vaccine: challenge trials</title><genre><json:string>article</json:string></genre><host><title>Equine Veterinary Journal</title><language><json:string>unknown</json:string></language><doi><json:string>10.1001/(ISSN)2042-3306</json:string></doi><issn><json:string>0425-1644</json:string></issn><eissn><json:string>2042-3306</json:string></eissn><publisherId><json:string>EVJ</json:string></publisherId><volume>33</volume><issue>7</issue><pages><first>637</first><last>643</last><total>7</total></pages><genre><json:string>journal</json:string></genre></host><namedEntities><unitex><date><json:string>2001</json:string></date><geogName></geogName><orgName><json:string>University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh</json:string><json:string>AVID Canada, Calgary, Alberta, Canada</json:string><json:string>Heska Corporation</json:string><json:string>University of Kentucky</json:string><json:string>University of Saskatchewan</json:string><json:string>DeVilbiss Healthcare Inc.</json:string><json:string>Animal Care Committee of the University of Saskatchewan</json:string><json:string>University of Pittsburgh</json:string><json:string>Gluck Equine Research Center, Lexington, Kentucky</json:string><json:string>Department of Veterinary Science, University of Kentucky, Gluck Equine Research Center, Lexington, Kentucky</json:string><json:string>Department of Veterinary Science, University of Kentucky</json:string><json:string>Department of Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry</json:string></orgName><orgName_funder></orgName_funder><orgName_provider></orgName_provider><persName></persName><placeName><json:string>Hanover</json:string><json:string>San Luis</json:string><json:string>Europe</json:string><json:string>America</json:string><json:string>Chicago</json:string><json:string>Tallahassee</json:string></placeName><ref_url></ref_url><ref_bibl><json:string>Youngner et al. 2001</json:string><json:string>Lunn et al. 1999b</json:string><json:string>Holmes et al. 1988, 1991</json:string><json:string>Townsend 2000</json:string><json:string>Lunn and Townsend 2000</json:string><json:string>H. G. G. Townsend et al.</json:string><json:string>Morley et al. 2000a</json:string><json:string>Edwards et al. 1994</json:string><json:string>Whitaker-Dowling et al. 1991a</json:string><json:string>Mumford et al. 1983, 1988</json:string><json:string>Lunn et al. 1999a</json:string><json:string>Townsend and Stephen 1999</json:string><json:string>Whitaker-Dowling et al. 1990</json:string><json:string>Newton et al. 2000</json:string><json:string>Mumford et al. 1998</json:string><json:string>Morley et al. 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(1998)</json:string><json:string>Wilson et al. 1995</json:string><json:string>Belshe et al. 1998</json:string><json:string>Whitaker-Dowling et al. 1991b</json:string></ref_bibl><bibl></bibl></unitex></namedEntities><ark><json:string>ark:/67375/WNG-W6LVVFG3-K</json:string></ark><categories><wos><json:string>1 - science</json:string><json:string>2 - veterinary sciences</json:string></wos><scienceMetrix><json:string>1 - applied sciences</json:string><json:string>2 - agriculture, fisheries & forestry</json:string><json:string>3 - veterinary sciences</json:string></scienceMetrix><scopus><json:string>1 - Health Sciences</json:string><json:string>2 - Veterinary</json:string><json:string>3 - Equine</json:string><json:string>1 - Health Sciences</json:string><json:string>2 - Medicine</json:string><json:string>3 - General Medicine</json:string></scopus><inist><json:string>1 - sciences appliquees, technologies et medecines</json:string><json:string>2 - sciences biologiques et medicales</json:string><json:string>3 - sciences medicales</json:string></inist></categories><publicationDate>2001</publicationDate><copyrightDate>2001</copyrightDate><doi><json:string>10.2746/042516401776249354</json:string></doi><id>DDD3E75B61BC5F924443D0530DC0CBBFDDC3922F</id><score>1</score><fulltext><json:item><extension>pdf</extension><original>true</original><mimetype>application/pdf</mimetype><uri>https://api.istex.fr/ark:/67375/WNG-W6LVVFG3-K/fulltext.pdf</uri></json:item><json:item><extension>zip</extension><original>false</original><mimetype>application/zip</mimetype><uri>https://api.istex.fr/ark:/67375/WNG-W6LVVFG3-K/bundle.zip</uri></json:item><istex:fulltextTEI uri="https://api.istex.fr/ark:/67375/WNG-W6LVVFG3-K/fulltext.tei"><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title level="a" type="main">Efficacy of a cold‐adapted, intranasal, equine influenza vaccine: challenge trials</title></titleStmt><publicationStmt><authority>ISTEX</authority><publisher>Blackwell Publishing Ltd</publisher><pubPlace>Oxford, UK</pubPlace><availability><licence>2001 EVJ Ltd</licence></availability><date type="published" when="2001-11"></date></publicationStmt><notesStmt><note type="content-type" subtype="article" source="article" scheme="https://content-type.data.istex.fr/ark:/67375/XTP-6N5SZHKN-D">article</note><note type="publication-type" subtype="journal" scheme="https://publication-type.data.istex.fr/ark:/67375/JMC-0GLKJH51-B">journal</note></notesStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct type="article"><analytic><title level="a" type="main">Efficacy of a cold‐adapted, intranasal, equine influenza vaccine: challenge trials</title><author xml:id="author-0000" role="corresp"><persName><forename type="first">H. G. G.</forename><surname>TOWNSEND</surname></persName><affiliation><orgName type="division">Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences</orgName><orgName type="institution">University of Saskatchewan</orgName><address><addrLine>Saskatoon</addrLine><addrLine>Saskatchewan, Canada S7N 5B4</addrLine><country key="CA" xml:lang="en">CANADA</country></address></affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-0001"><persName><forename type="first">S. J.</forename><surname>PENNER</surname></persName><affiliation><orgName type="division">Department of Heska Corporation</orgName><address><addrLine>1613 Prospect Parkway</addrLine><addrLine>Fort Collins, Colorado 80525</addrLine><country key="US" xml:lang="en">UNITED STATES</country></address></affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-0002"><persName><forename type="first">T. 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Following challenge at 5 weeks and 6 months, vaccinates had significantly lower clinical scores (P = 0.0001 and 0.005, respectively), experienced smaller increases in rectal temperature (P = 0.0008 and 0.0007, respectively) and shed less virus (P<0.0001 and P = 0.03, respectively) over fewer days (P<0.0001 and P = 0.002, respectively) than did the controls. After the 12 month challenge, rectal temperatures (P = 0.006) as well as the duration (P = 0.03) and concentration of virus shed (P = 0.04) were significantly reduced among vaccinated animals. The results of this study showed that 6 months after a single dose of vaccine the duration and severity of clinical signs were markedly reduced amongst vaccinated animals exposed to a severe live‐virus challenge. Appropriate use of this vaccine should lead to a marked reduction in the frequency, severity and duration of outbreaks of equine influenza in North America.</p></abstract><textClass><keywords xml:lang="en"><term xml:id="k1">horse</term><term xml:id="k2">influenza</term><term xml:id="k3">cold‐adapted</term><term xml:id="k4">vaccine</term><term xml:id="k5">challenge trial</term></keywords><keywords rend="tocHeading1"><term>General Article</term></keywords></textClass><langUsage><language ident="en"></language></langUsage></profileDesc><revisionDesc><change when="2019-12-20" who="#istex" xml:id="pub2tei">formatting</change></revisionDesc></teiHeader></istex:fulltextTEI><json:item><extension>txt</extension><original>false</original><mimetype>text/plain</mimetype><uri>https://api.istex.fr/ark:/67375/WNG-W6LVVFG3-K/fulltext.txt</uri></json:item></fulltext><metadata><istex:metadataXml wicri:clean="Wiley, elements deleted: body"><istex:xmlDeclaration>version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="yes"</istex:xmlDeclaration><istex:document><component version="2.0" type="serialArticle" xml:lang="en"><header><publicationMeta level="product"><publisherInfo><publisherName>Blackwell Publishing Ltd</publisherName><publisherLoc>Oxford, UK</publisherLoc></publisherInfo><doi origin="wiley" registered="yes">10.1001/(ISSN)2042-3306</doi><issn type="print">0425-1644</issn><issn type="electronic">2042-3306</issn><idGroup><id type="product" value="EVJ"></id><id type="publisherDivision" value="ST"></id></idGroup><titleGroup><title type="main" sort="EQUINE VETERINARY JNL">Equine Veterinary Journal</title></titleGroup></publicationMeta><publicationMeta level="part" position="11007"><doi origin="wiley">10.1111/evj.2001.33.issue-7</doi><numberingGroup><numbering type="journalVolume" number="33">33</numbering><numbering type="journalIssue" number="7">7</numbering></numberingGroup><coverDate startDate="2001-11">November 2001</coverDate></publicationMeta><publicationMeta level="unit" type="article" position="5" status="forIssue"><doi origin="wiley">10.2746/042516401776249354</doi><idGroup><id type="unit" value="EVJ660"></id></idGroup><countGroup><count type="pageTotal" number="7"></count></countGroup><titleGroup><title type="tocHeading1">General Article</title></titleGroup><copyright>2001 EVJ Ltd</copyright><eventGroup><event type="firstOnline" date="2010-01-05"></event><event type="publishedOnlineFinalForm" date="2010-01-05"></event><event type="xmlConverted" agent="Converter:BPG_TO_WML3G version:2.3.6 mode:FullText" date="2010-04-23"></event><event type="xmlConverted" agent="Converter:WILEY_ML3G_TO_WILEY_ML3GV2 version:3.8.8" date="2014-01-25"></event><event type="xmlConverted" agent="Converter:WML3G_To_WML3G version:4.1.7 mode:FullText,remove_FC" date="2014-10-16"></event></eventGroup><numberingGroup><numbering type="pageFirst" number="637">637</numbering><numbering type="pageLast" number="643">643</numbering></numberingGroup><correspondenceTo>Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada S7N 5B4</correspondenceTo><linkGroup><link type="toTypesetVersion" href="file:EVJ.EVJ660.pdf"></link></linkGroup></publicationMeta><contentMeta><countGroup><count type="referenceTotal" number="40"></count><count type="linksCrossRef" number="13"></count></countGroup><titleGroup><title type="main">Efficacy of a cold‐adapted, intranasal, equine influenza vaccine: challenge trials</title></titleGroup><creators><creator creatorRole="author" xml:id="cr1" affiliationRef="#a1" corresponding="yes"><personName><givenNames>H. G. G.</givenNames><familyName>TOWNSEND</familyName></personName></creator><creator creatorRole="author" xml:id="cr2" affiliationRef="#a3"><personName><givenNames>S. J.</givenNames><familyName>PENNER</familyName></personName></creator><creator creatorRole="author" xml:id="cr3" affiliationRef="#a1"><personName><givenNames>T. C.</givenNames><familyName>WATTS</familyName></personName></creator><creator creatorRole="author" xml:id="cr4" affiliationRef="#a1"><personName><givenNames>A.</givenNames><familyName>COOK</familyName></personName></creator><creator creatorRole="author" xml:id="cr5" affiliationRef="#a2"><personName><givenNames>J.</givenNames><familyName>BOGDAN</familyName></personName></creator><creator creatorRole="author" xml:id="cr6" affiliationRef="#a2"><personName><givenNames>D. M.</givenNames><familyName>HAINES</familyName></personName></creator><creator creatorRole="author" xml:id="cr7" affiliationRef="#a1"><personName><givenNames>S.</givenNames><familyName>GRIFFIN</familyName></personName></creator><creator creatorRole="author" xml:id="cr8" affiliationRef="#a4"><personName><givenNames>T.</givenNames><familyName>CHAMBERS</familyName></personName></creator><creator creatorRole="author" xml:id="cr9" affiliationRef="#a4"><personName><givenNames>R. E.</givenNames><familyName>HOLLAND</familyName></personName></creator><creator creatorRole="author" xml:id="cr10" affiliationRef="#a5"><personName><givenNames>P.</givenNames><familyName>WHITAKER‐DOWLING</familyName></personName></creator><creator creatorRole="author" xml:id="cr11" affiliationRef="#a5"><personName><givenNames>J. S.</givenNames><familyName>YOUNGNER</familyName></personName></creator><creator creatorRole="author" xml:id="cr12" affiliationRef="#a3"><personName><givenNames>R. W.</givenNames><familyName>SEBRING</familyName></personName></creator></creators><affiliationGroup><affiliation xml:id="a1" countryCode="CA"><unparsedAffiliation>Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada S7N 5B4</unparsedAffiliation></affiliation><affiliation xml:id="a2" countryCode="CA"><unparsedAffiliation>Department of Veterinary Microbiology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada S7N 5B4</unparsedAffiliation></affiliation><affiliation xml:id="a3" countryCode="US"><unparsedAffiliation>Department of Heska Corporation, 1613 Prospect Parkway, Fort Collins, Colorado 80525</unparsedAffiliation></affiliation><affiliation xml:id="a4" countryCode="US"><unparsedAffiliation>Department of Veterinary Science, University of Kentucky, 108 Gluck Equine Research Center, Lexington, Kentucky 40546</unparsedAffiliation></affiliation><affiliation xml:id="a5" countryCode="US"><unparsedAffiliation>Department of Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, USA</unparsedAffiliation></affiliation></affiliationGroup><keywordGroup xml:lang="en"><keyword xml:id="k1">horse</keyword><keyword xml:id="k2">influenza</keyword><keyword xml:id="k3">cold‐adapted</keyword><keyword xml:id="k4">vaccine</keyword><keyword xml:id="k5">challenge trial</keyword></keywordGroup><abstractGroup><abstract type="main" xml:lang="en"><title type="main">Summary</title><p>A randomised, controlled, double‐blind, influenza virus, aerosol challenge of horses was undertaken to determine the efficacy of a cold‐adapted, temperature sensitive, modified‐live virus, intranasal, equine influenza vaccine. Ninety 11‐month‐old influenza‐naïve foals were assigned randomly to 3 groups (20 vaccinates and 10 controls per group) and challenged 5 weeks, 6 and 12 months after a single vaccination. Challenges were performed on Day 0 in a plastic‐lined chamber. Between Days 1 and 10, animals were examined daily for evidence of clinical signs of influenza. Nasal swabs for virus isolation were obtained on Day 1 and Days 1 to 8 and blood samples for serology were collected on Days 1, 7 and 14. There was no adverse response to vaccination in any animal. Following challenge at 5 weeks and 6 months, vaccinates had significantly lower clinical scores (P = 0.0001 and 0.005, respectively), experienced smaller increases in rectal temperature (P = 0.0008 and 0.0007, respectively) and shed less virus (P<0.0001 and P = 0.03, respectively) over fewer days (P<0.0001 and P = 0.002, respectively) than did the controls. After the 12 month challenge, rectal temperatures (P = 0.006) as well as the duration (P = 0.03) and concentration of virus shed (P = 0.04) were significantly reduced among vaccinated animals. The results of this study showed that 6 months after a single dose of vaccine the duration and severity of clinical signs were markedly reduced amongst vaccinated animals exposed to a severe live‐virus challenge. Appropriate use of this vaccine should lead to a marked reduction in the frequency, severity and duration of outbreaks of equine influenza in North America.</p></abstract></abstractGroup></contentMeta></header></component></istex:document></istex:metadataXml><mods version="3.6"><titleInfo lang="en"><title>Efficacy of a cold‐adapted, intranasal, equine influenza vaccine: challenge trials</title></titleInfo><titleInfo type="alternative" contentType="CDATA" lang="en"><title>Efficacy of a cold‐adapted, intranasal, equine influenza vaccine: challenge trials</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">H. G. G.</namePart><namePart type="family">TOWNSEND</namePart><affiliation>Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada S7N 5B4</affiliation><affiliation>Correspondence address: Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada S7N 5B4</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">S. J.</namePart><namePart type="family">PENNER</namePart><affiliation>Department of Heska Corporation, 1613 Prospect Parkway, Fort Collins, Colorado 80525</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">T. C.</namePart><namePart type="family">WATTS</namePart><affiliation>Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada S7N 5B4</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">A.</namePart><namePart type="family">COOK</namePart><affiliation>Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada S7N 5B4</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">J.</namePart><namePart type="family">BOGDAN</namePart><affiliation>Department of Veterinary Microbiology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada S7N 5B4</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">D. M.</namePart><namePart type="family">HAINES</namePart><affiliation>Department of Veterinary Microbiology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada S7N 5B4</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">S.</namePart><namePart type="family">GRIFFIN</namePart><affiliation>Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada S7N 5B4</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">T.</namePart><namePart type="family">CHAMBERS</namePart><affiliation>Department of Veterinary Science, University of Kentucky, 108 Gluck Equine Research Center, Lexington, Kentucky 40546</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">R. E.</namePart><namePart type="family">HOLLAND</namePart><affiliation>Department of Veterinary Science, University of Kentucky, 108 Gluck Equine Research Center, Lexington, Kentucky 40546</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">P.</namePart><namePart type="family">WHITAKER‐DOWLING</namePart><affiliation>Department of Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, USA</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">J. S.</namePart><namePart type="family">YOUNGNER</namePart><affiliation>Department of Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, USA</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">R. W.</namePart><namePart type="family">SEBRING</namePart><affiliation>Department of Heska Corporation, 1613 Prospect Parkway, Fort Collins, Colorado 80525</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><typeOfResource>text</typeOfResource><genre type="article" displayLabel="article" authority="ISTEX" authorityURI="https://content-type.data.istex.fr" valueURI="https://content-type.data.istex.fr/ark:/67375/XTP-6N5SZHKN-D">article</genre><originInfo><publisher>Blackwell Publishing Ltd</publisher><place><placeTerm type="text">Oxford, UK</placeTerm></place><dateIssued encoding="w3cdtf">2001-11</dateIssued><copyrightDate encoding="w3cdtf">2001</copyrightDate></originInfo><language><languageTerm type="code" authority="rfc3066">en</languageTerm><languageTerm type="code" authority="iso639-2b">eng</languageTerm></language><physicalDescription><extent unit="references">40</extent><extent unit="linksCrossRef">13</extent></physicalDescription><abstract lang="en">A randomised, controlled, double‐blind, influenza virus, aerosol challenge of horses was undertaken to determine the efficacy of a cold‐adapted, temperature sensitive, modified‐live virus, intranasal, equine influenza vaccine. Ninety 11‐month‐old influenza‐naïve foals were assigned randomly to 3 groups (20 vaccinates and 10 controls per group) and challenged 5 weeks, 6 and 12 months after a single vaccination. Challenges were performed on Day 0 in a plastic‐lined chamber. Between Days 1 and 10, animals were examined daily for evidence of clinical signs of influenza. Nasal swabs for virus isolation were obtained on Day 1 and Days 1 to 8 and blood samples for serology were collected on Days 1, 7 and 14. There was no adverse response to vaccination in any animal. Following challenge at 5 weeks and 6 months, vaccinates had significantly lower clinical scores (P = 0.0001 and 0.005, respectively), experienced smaller increases in rectal temperature (P = 0.0008 and 0.0007, respectively) and shed less virus (P<0.0001 and P = 0.03, respectively) over fewer days (P<0.0001 and P = 0.002, respectively) than did the controls. After the 12 month challenge, rectal temperatures (P = 0.006) as well as the duration (P = 0.03) and concentration of virus shed (P = 0.04) were significantly reduced among vaccinated animals. The results of this study showed that 6 months after a single dose of vaccine the duration and severity of clinical signs were markedly reduced amongst vaccinated animals exposed to a severe live‐virus challenge. 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Res.</title></titleInfo><part><date>2001</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>62</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>1290</start><end>1294</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><identifier type="istex">DDD3E75B61BC5F924443D0530DC0CBBFDDC3922F</identifier><identifier type="ark">ark:/67375/WNG-W6LVVFG3-K</identifier><identifier type="DOI">10.2746/042516401776249354</identifier><identifier type="ArticleID">EVJ660</identifier><accessCondition type="use and reproduction" contentType="copyright">2001 EVJ Ltd</accessCondition><recordInfo><recordContentSource authority="ISTEX" authorityURI="https://loaded-corpus.data.istex.fr" valueURI="https://loaded-corpus.data.istex.fr/ark:/67375/XBH-L0C46X92-X">wiley</recordContentSource><recordOrigin>Converted from (version ) to MODS version 3.6.</recordOrigin><recordCreationDate encoding="w3cdtf">2019-11-14</recordCreationDate></recordInfo></mods><json:item><extension>json</extension><original>false</original><mimetype>application/json</mimetype><uri>https://api.istex.fr/ark:/67375/WNG-W6LVVFG3-K/record.json</uri></json:item></metadata><serie></serie></istex></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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