Influenza virus subtypes in aquatic birds of eastern Germany
Identifieur interne : 001222 ( Istex/Corpus ); précédent : 001221; suivant : 001223Influenza virus subtypes in aquatic birds of eastern Germany
Auteurs : J. Süss ; J. Sch Fer ; H. Sinnecker ; R. G. WebsterSource :
- Archives of Virology [ 0304-8608 ] ; 1994-03-01.
English descriptors
- Teeft :
- Acta virol sinnecker, Anas platyrhynchos, Animal health association, Antibody responses, Antigenic subtypes, Aquatic, Aquatic birds, Arch virol, Avian, Avian influenza, Avian influenza viruses, Avian reservoir, Avian species, Avian viruses, Bird populations, Cloacal swabs, Different combinations, Different influenza, Different subtypes, Distinct flyways, Domestic animals, Domestic ducks, Domestic poultry, Dominant subtype, Duck, East germany, Eastern germany, Feral, Feral birds, Feral ducks, Frequent isolation, Gene pool, Genetic reassortment, Genetic relatedness, Higher titers, Hinshaw, Human pandemic strains, Influenza, Influenza epidemics, Influenza infection, Influenza season, Influenza virus, Influenza virus gene pool, Influenza virus genes, Influenza virus subtypes, Influenza viruses, Initial detection, Lower animals, Mallard, Natural infection, Novel influenza, Other birds, Other species, Other subtypes, Pandemic, Pandemic influenza, Pekin, Pekin ducks, Predominant subtypes, Rfigen island, Same influenza viruses, Sentinel, Sentinel birds, Sentinel ducks, Single farm, Sinnecker, Subtype, Subtype distribution, Subtypes, Surveillance study, Swab, Vast reservoir, Veterinary medicine, Virol, Virology, Virology scholtissek, Virus, Virus detection rates, Virus isolation, Virus subtypes, Water bird colonies, White pekin ducks, Wild bird populations, Wild birds, Wild ducks, Zentralbl bakt.
Abstract
Summary: We report the findings of a 12-year surveillance study (1977–89) of avian influenza A viruses in eastern Germany. Viruses were isolated directly from feral ducks (n=236) and other wild birds (n=89); from domestic ducks (n=735) living on a single farm; and from white Pekin ducks (n=193) used as sentinels for populations of wild aquatic birds; mainly sea birds. The efficiency of virus isolation was 9.9% overall, with considerable variability noted among species: 8.7% in wild ducks, 0.9% in other feral birds and 38% in Pekin ducks. Use of sentinel ducks in wild pelagic bird colonies improved virus detection rates fivefold, suggesting that this approach is advantageous in ecological studies. Among the 40 different combinations of hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA) subtypes we identified, H6N1 predominated (23.6% for all avian species), followed by H4N6 (11%). Among individual species, the frequency profiles favored H2N3 (20.8%) and H4N6 (20.3%) in feral ducks; H7N7 (22.3%), H4N6 (24.4%) and H2N3 (10.4%) in Pekin ducks used as sentinels; and H6N1 (34.8%) and H6N6 (15.1%) in domestic ducks maintained on a single farm. By relying on sentinel birds for serological assays, it was possible to trace an “influenza season” in feral swan populations, beginning in August and continuing through the winter months. Comparison of subtype distribution of influenza viruses for Europe and North American showed significant differences. This supports the fact of two geographically distinct gene pools of influenza viruses in birds connected with their distinct flyways of each hemisphere. The high frequency of isolation of H2 influenza viruses is of considerable interest to those interested in the recycling of this subtype in humans. Similarly the frequent isolation of H7N7 influenza viruses raises concern about reservoirs of potentially pathogenic influenza virus for domestic poultry. Our results confirm the existence of a vast reservoir of influenza A viruses in European aquatic birds, which possesses sufficient diversity to account for strains that infect lower animals and humans.
Url:
DOI: 10.1007/BF01309768
Links to Exploration step
ISTEX:6EAB42627D0435062223B4E6242F1F17CA4CD8D8Le document en format XML
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Among individual species, the frequency profiles favored H2N3 (20.8%) and H4N6 (20.3%) in feral ducks; H7N7 (22.3%), H4N6 (24.4%) and H2N3 (10.4%) in Pekin ducks used as sentinels; and H6N1 (34.8%) and H6N6 (15.1%) in domestic ducks maintained on a single farm. By relying on sentinel birds for serological assays, it was possible to trace an “influenza season” in feral swan populations, beginning in August and continuing through the winter months. Comparison of subtype distribution of influenza viruses for Europe and North American showed significant differences. This supports the fact of two geographically distinct gene pools of influenza viruses in birds connected with their distinct flyways of each hemisphere. The high frequency of isolation of H2 influenza viruses is of considerable interest to those interested in the recycling of this subtype in humans. Similarly the frequent isolation of H7N7 influenza viruses raises concern about reservoirs of potentially pathogenic influenza virus for domestic poultry. 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Webster</name><affiliations><json:string>Department of Virology and Molecular Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA</json:string></affiliations></json:item></author><articleId><json:string>BF01309768</json:string><json:string>Art8</json:string></articleId><arkIstex>ark:/67375/1BB-WPWXNVL8-6</arkIstex><language><json:string>eng</json:string></language><originalGenre><json:string>OriginalPaper</json:string></originalGenre><abstract>Summary: We report the findings of a 12-year surveillance study (1977–89) of avian influenza A viruses in eastern Germany. Viruses were isolated directly from feral ducks (n=236) and other wild birds (n=89); from domestic ducks (n=735) living on a single farm; and from white Pekin ducks (n=193) used as sentinels for populations of wild aquatic birds; mainly sea birds. The efficiency of virus isolation was 9.9% overall, with considerable variability noted among species: 8.7% in wild ducks, 0.9% in other feral birds and 38% in Pekin ducks. Use of sentinel ducks in wild pelagic bird colonies improved virus detection rates fivefold, suggesting that this approach is advantageous in ecological studies. Among the 40 different combinations of hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA) subtypes we identified, H6N1 predominated (23.6% for all avian species), followed by H4N6 (11%). Among individual species, the frequency profiles favored H2N3 (20.8%) and H4N6 (20.3%) in feral ducks; H7N7 (22.3%), H4N6 (24.4%) and H2N3 (10.4%) in Pekin ducks used as sentinels; and H6N1 (34.8%) and H6N6 (15.1%) in domestic ducks maintained on a single farm. By relying on sentinel birds for serological assays, it was possible to trace an “influenza season” in feral swan populations, beginning in August and continuing through the winter months. Comparison of subtype distribution of influenza viruses for Europe and North American showed significant differences. This supports the fact of two geographically distinct gene pools of influenza viruses in birds connected with their distinct flyways of each hemisphere. The high frequency of isolation of H2 influenza viruses is of considerable interest to those interested in the recycling of this subtype in humans. Similarly the frequent isolation of H7N7 influenza viruses raises concern about reservoirs of potentially pathogenic influenza virus for domestic poultry. Our results confirm the existence of a vast reservoir of influenza A viruses in European aquatic birds, which possesses sufficient diversity to account for strains that infect lower animals and humans.</abstract><qualityIndicators><refBibsNative>false</refBibsNative><abstractWordCount>319</abstractWordCount><abstractCharCount>2110</abstractCharCount><keywordCount>0</keywordCount><score>10</score><pdfWordCount>5097</pdfWordCount><pdfCharCount>30135</pdfCharCount><pdfVersion>1.3</pdfVersion><pdfPageCount>14</pdfPageCount><pdfPageSize>562 x 774 pts</pdfPageSize></qualityIndicators><title>Influenza virus subtypes in aquatic birds of eastern Germany</title><pmid><json:string>8198436</json:string></pmid><genre><json:string>research-article</json:string></genre><host><title>Archives of Virology</title><language><json:string>unknown</json:string></language><publicationDate>1994</publicationDate><copyrightDate>1994</copyrightDate><issn><json:string>0304-8608</json:string></issn><eissn><json:string>1432-8798</json:string></eissn><journalId><json:string>705</json:string></journalId><volume>135</volume><issue>1-2</issue><pages><first>101</first><last>114</last></pages><genre><json:string>journal</json:string></genre><subject><json:item><value>Medical Microbiology</value></json:item><json:item><value>Virology</value></json:item><json:item><value>Infectious Diseases</value></json:item></subject></host><namedEntities><unitex><date></date><geogName></geogName><orgName></orgName><orgName_funder></orgName_funder><orgName_provider></orgName_provider><persName></persName><placeName></placeName><ref_url></ref_url><ref_bibl></ref_bibl><bibl></bibl></unitex></namedEntities><ark><json:string>ark:/67375/1BB-WPWXNVL8-6</json:string></ark><categories><wos><json:string>1 - 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Viruses were isolated directly from feral ducks (n=236) and other wild birds (n=89); from domestic ducks (n=735) living on a single farm; and from white Pekin ducks (n=193) used as sentinels for populations of wild aquatic birds; mainly sea birds. The efficiency of virus isolation was 9.9% overall, with considerable variability noted among species: 8.7% in wild ducks, 0.9% in other feral birds and 38% in Pekin ducks. Use of sentinel ducks in wild pelagic bird colonies improved virus detection rates fivefold, suggesting that this approach is advantageous in ecological studies. Among the 40 different combinations of hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA) subtypes we identified, H6N1 predominated (23.6% for all avian species), followed by H4N6 (11%). Among individual species, the frequency profiles favored H2N3 (20.8%) and H4N6 (20.3%) in feral ducks; H7N7 (22.3%), H4N6 (24.4%) and H2N3 (10.4%) in Pekin ducks used as sentinels; and H6N1 (34.8%) and H6N6 (15.1%) in domestic ducks maintained on a single farm. By relying on sentinel birds for serological assays, it was possible to trace an “influenza season” in feral swan populations, beginning in August and continuing through the winter months. Comparison of subtype distribution of influenza viruses for Europe and North American showed significant differences. This supports the fact of two geographically distinct gene pools of influenza viruses in birds connected with their distinct flyways of each hemisphere. The high frequency of isolation of H2 influenza viruses is of considerable interest to those interested in the recycling of this subtype in humans. Similarly the frequent isolation of H7N7 influenza viruses raises concern about reservoirs of potentially pathogenic influenza virus for domestic poultry. Our results confirm the existence of a vast reservoir of influenza A viruses in European aquatic birds, which possesses sufficient diversity to account for strains that infect lower animals and humans.</p></abstract><textClass><keywords scheme="Journal Subject"><list><head>Biomedicine</head><item><term>Medical Microbiology</term></item><item><term>Virology</term></item><item><term>Infectious Diseases</term></item></list></keywords></textClass></profileDesc><revisionDesc><change when="1993-08-23">Created</change><change when="1994-03-01">Published</change></revisionDesc></teiHeader></istex:fulltextTEI><json:item><extension>txt</extension><original>false</original><mimetype>text/plain</mimetype><uri>https://api.istex.fr/ark:/67375/1BB-WPWXNVL8-6/fulltext.txt</uri></json:item></fulltext><metadata><istex:metadataXml wicri:clean="corpus springer-journals not found" wicri:toSee="no header"><istex:xmlDeclaration>version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"</istex:xmlDeclaration><istex:docType PUBLIC="-//Springer-Verlag//DTD A++ V2.4//EN" URI="http://devel.springer.de/A++/V2.4/DTD/A++V2.4.dtd" name="istex:docType"></istex:docType><istex:document><Publisher><PublisherInfo><PublisherName>Springer-Verlag</PublisherName><PublisherLocation>Vienna</PublisherLocation></PublisherInfo><Journal><JournalInfo JournalProductType="ArchiveJournal" NumberingStyle="Unnumbered"><JournalID>705</JournalID><JournalPrintISSN>0304-8608</JournalPrintISSN><JournalElectronicISSN>1432-8798</JournalElectronicISSN><JournalTitle>Archives of Virology</JournalTitle><JournalAbbreviatedTitle>Archives of Virology</JournalAbbreviatedTitle><JournalSubjectGroup><JournalSubject Type="Primary">Biomedicine</JournalSubject><JournalSubject Type="Secondary">Medical Microbiology</JournalSubject><JournalSubject Type="Secondary">Virology</JournalSubject><JournalSubject Type="Secondary">Infectious Diseases</JournalSubject></JournalSubjectGroup></JournalInfo><Volume><VolumeInfo VolumeType="Regular" TocLevels="0"><VolumeIDStart>135</VolumeIDStart><VolumeIDEnd>135</VolumeIDEnd><VolumeIssueCount>4</VolumeIssueCount></VolumeInfo><Issue IssueType="Combined"><IssueInfo TocLevels="0"><IssueIDStart>1</IssueIDStart><IssueIDEnd>2</IssueIDEnd><IssueArticleCount>23</IssueArticleCount><IssueHistory><CoverDate><DateString>1994</DateString><Year>1994</Year><Month>3</Month></CoverDate></IssueHistory><IssueCopyright><CopyrightHolderName>Springer-Verlag</CopyrightHolderName><CopyrightYear>1994</CopyrightYear></IssueCopyright></IssueInfo><Article ID="Art8"><ArticleInfo Language="En" ArticleType="OriginalPaper" NumberingStyle="Unnumbered" TocLevels="0" ContainsESM="No"><ArticleID>BF01309768</ArticleID><ArticleDOI>10.1007/BF01309768</ArticleDOI><ArticleSequenceNumber>8</ArticleSequenceNumber><ArticleTitle Language="En">Influenza virus subtypes in aquatic birds of eastern Germany</ArticleTitle><ArticleCategory>Original Papers</ArticleCategory><ArticleFirstPage>101</ArticleFirstPage><ArticleLastPage>114</ArticleLastPage><ArticleHistory><RegistrationDate><Year>2005</Year><Month>2</Month><Day>28</Day></RegistrationDate><Received><Year>1993</Year><Month>8</Month><Day>23</Day></Received><Accepted><Year>1993</Year><Month>10</Month><Day>18</Day></Accepted></ArticleHistory><ArticleCopyright><CopyrightHolderName>Springer-Verlag</CopyrightHolderName><CopyrightYear>1994</CopyrightYear></ArticleCopyright><ArticleGrants Type="Regular"><MetadataGrant Grant="OpenAccess"></MetadataGrant><AbstractGrant Grant="OpenAccess"></AbstractGrant><BodyPDFGrant Grant="Restricted"></BodyPDFGrant><BodyHTMLGrant Grant="Restricted"></BodyHTMLGrant><BibliographyGrant Grant="Restricted"></BibliographyGrant><ESMGrant Grant="Restricted"></ESMGrant></ArticleGrants><ArticleContext><JournalID>705</JournalID><VolumeIDStart>135</VolumeIDStart><VolumeIDEnd>135</VolumeIDEnd><IssueIDStart>1</IssueIDStart><IssueIDEnd>2</IssueIDEnd></ArticleContext></ArticleInfo><ArticleHeader><AuthorGroup><Author AffiliationIDS="Aff1"><AuthorName DisplayOrder="Western"><GivenName>J.</GivenName><FamilyName>Süss</FamilyName></AuthorName></Author><Author AffiliationIDS="Aff2"><AuthorName DisplayOrder="Western"><GivenName>J.</GivenName><FamilyName>Schäfer</FamilyName></AuthorName></Author><Author AffiliationIDS="Aff2"><AuthorName DisplayOrder="Western"><GivenName>H.</GivenName><FamilyName>Sinnecker</FamilyName></AuthorName></Author><Author AffiliationIDS="Aff3"><AuthorName DisplayOrder="Western"><GivenName>R.</GivenName><GivenName>G.</GivenName><FamilyName>Webster</FamilyName></AuthorName></Author><Affiliation ID="Aff1"><OrgName>Institute of Veterinary Medicine of the Federal Health Office</OrgName><OrgAddress><City>Berlin</City></OrgAddress></Affiliation><Affiliation ID="Aff2"><OrgName>German Institute for Human Nutrition</OrgName><OrgAddress><City>Bergholz-Rehbrücke</City><Country>Federal Republic of Germany</Country></OrgAddress></Affiliation><Affiliation ID="Aff3"><OrgDivision>Department of Virology and Molecular Biology</OrgDivision><OrgName>St. Jude Children's Research Hospital</OrgName><OrgAddress><City>Memphis</City><State>Tennessee</State><Country>USA</Country></OrgAddress></Affiliation></AuthorGroup><Abstract ID="Abs1" Language="En"><Heading>Summary</Heading><Para>We report the findings of a 12-year surveillance study (1977–89) of avian influenza A viruses in eastern Germany. Viruses were isolated directly from feral ducks (n=236) and other wild birds (n=89); from domestic ducks (n=735) living on a single farm; and from white Pekin ducks (n=193) used as sentinels for populations of wild aquatic birds; mainly sea birds. The efficiency of virus isolation was 9.9% overall, with considerable variability noted among species: 8.7% in wild ducks, 0.9% in other feral birds and 38% in Pekin ducks. Use of sentinel ducks in wild pelagic bird colonies improved virus detection rates fivefold, suggesting that this approach is advantageous in ecological studies. Among the 40 different combinations of hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA) subtypes we identified, H6N1 predominated (23.6% for all avian species), followed by H4N6 (11%). Among individual species, the frequency profiles favored H2N3 (20.8%) and H4N6 (20.3%) in feral ducks; H7N7 (22.3%), H4N6 (24.4%) and H2N3 (10.4%) in Pekin ducks used as sentinels; and H6N1 (34.8%) and H6N6 (15.1%) in domestic ducks maintained on a single farm. By relying on sentinel birds for serological assays, it was possible to trace an “influenza season” in feral swan populations, beginning in August and continuing through the winter months. Comparison of subtype distribution of influenza viruses for Europe and North American showed significant differences. This supports the fact of two geographically distinct gene pools of influenza viruses in birds connected with their distinct flyways of each hemisphere. The high frequency of isolation of H2 influenza viruses is of considerable interest to those interested in the recycling of this subtype in humans. Similarly the frequent isolation of H7N7 influenza viruses raises concern about reservoirs of potentially pathogenic influenza virus for domestic poultry. Our results confirm the existence of a vast reservoir of influenza A viruses in European aquatic birds, which possesses sufficient diversity to account for strains that infect lower animals and humans.</Para></Abstract><ArticleNote Type="Misc"><SimplePara>This article is dedicated to the memory of Dr. Herbert Sinnecker who died in 1991 at the age of 61. He was the Director of the Institute of Viral Zoonosis in the former German Democratic Republic (GDR). It was Herbert Sinnecker's forsight and understanding of the need to resolve the origin of human and animal influenza pandemics that initiated the studies described in this article. He developed novel epidemiological and ecological methods that permitted definition of the influenza virus gene pool in central Europe. The unification of Germany made it possible to publish this article; otherwise, the studies encouraged and organized by H. Sinnecker would have been lost to the scientific community.</SimplePara></ArticleNote></ArticleHeader><NoBody></NoBody></Article></Issue></Volume></Journal></Publisher></istex:document></istex:metadataXml><mods version="3.6"><titleInfo lang="en"><title>Influenza virus subtypes in aquatic birds of eastern Germany</title></titleInfo><titleInfo type="alternative" contentType="CDATA"><title>Influenza virus subtypes in aquatic birds of eastern Germany</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">J.</namePart><namePart type="family">Süss</namePart><affiliation>Institute of Veterinary Medicine of the Federal Health Office, Berlin</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">J.</namePart><namePart type="family">Schäfer</namePart><affiliation>German Institute for Human Nutrition, Bergholz-Rehbrücke, Federal Republic of Germany</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">H.</namePart><namePart type="family">Sinnecker</namePart><affiliation>German Institute for Human Nutrition, Bergholz-Rehbrücke, Federal Republic of Germany</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">R.</namePart><namePart type="given">G.</namePart><namePart type="family">Webster</namePart><affiliation>Department of Virology and Molecular Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><typeOfResource>text</typeOfResource><genre type="research-article" displayLabel="OriginalPaper" authority="ISTEX" authorityURI="https://content-type.data.istex.fr" valueURI="https://content-type.data.istex.fr/ark:/67375/XTP-1JC4F85T-7">research-article</genre><originInfo><publisher>Springer-Verlag</publisher><place><placeTerm type="text">Vienna</placeTerm></place><dateCreated encoding="w3cdtf">1993-08-23</dateCreated><dateIssued encoding="w3cdtf">1994-03-01</dateIssued><copyrightDate encoding="w3cdtf">1994</copyrightDate></originInfo><language><languageTerm type="code" authority="rfc3066">en</languageTerm><languageTerm type="code" authority="iso639-2b">eng</languageTerm></language><abstract lang="en">Summary: We report the findings of a 12-year surveillance study (1977–89) of avian influenza A viruses in eastern Germany. Viruses were isolated directly from feral ducks (n=236) and other wild birds (n=89); from domestic ducks (n=735) living on a single farm; and from white Pekin ducks (n=193) used as sentinels for populations of wild aquatic birds; mainly sea birds. The efficiency of virus isolation was 9.9% overall, with considerable variability noted among species: 8.7% in wild ducks, 0.9% in other feral birds and 38% in Pekin ducks. Use of sentinel ducks in wild pelagic bird colonies improved virus detection rates fivefold, suggesting that this approach is advantageous in ecological studies. Among the 40 different combinations of hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA) subtypes we identified, H6N1 predominated (23.6% for all avian species), followed by H4N6 (11%). Among individual species, the frequency profiles favored H2N3 (20.8%) and H4N6 (20.3%) in feral ducks; H7N7 (22.3%), H4N6 (24.4%) and H2N3 (10.4%) in Pekin ducks used as sentinels; and H6N1 (34.8%) and H6N6 (15.1%) in domestic ducks maintained on a single farm. By relying on sentinel birds for serological assays, it was possible to trace an “influenza season” in feral swan populations, beginning in August and continuing through the winter months. Comparison of subtype distribution of influenza viruses for Europe and North American showed significant differences. This supports the fact of two geographically distinct gene pools of influenza viruses in birds connected with their distinct flyways of each hemisphere. The high frequency of isolation of H2 influenza viruses is of considerable interest to those interested in the recycling of this subtype in humans. Similarly the frequent isolation of H7N7 influenza viruses raises concern about reservoirs of potentially pathogenic influenza virus for domestic poultry. Our results confirm the existence of a vast reservoir of influenza A viruses in European aquatic birds, which possesses sufficient diversity to account for strains that infect lower animals and humans.</abstract><note>Original Papers</note><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Archives of Virology</title></titleInfo><titleInfo type="abbreviated"><title>Archives of Virology</title></titleInfo><genre type="journal" authority="ISTEX" authorityURI="https://publication-type.data.istex.fr" valueURI="https://publication-type.data.istex.fr/ark:/67375/JMC-0GLKJH51-B">journal</genre><originInfo><publisher>Springer</publisher><dateIssued encoding="w3cdtf">1994-03-01</dateIssued><copyrightDate encoding="w3cdtf">1994</copyrightDate></originInfo><subject><genre>Biomedicine</genre><topic>Medical Microbiology</topic><topic>Virology</topic><topic>Infectious Diseases</topic></subject><identifier type="ISSN">0304-8608</identifier><identifier type="eISSN">1432-8798</identifier><identifier type="JournalID">705</identifier><identifier type="IssueArticleCount">23</identifier><identifier type="VolumeIssueCount">4</identifier><part><date>1994</date><detail type="volume"><number>135</number><caption>vol.</caption></detail><detail type="issue"><number>1-2</number><caption>no.</caption></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>101</start><end>114</end></extent></part><recordInfo><recordOrigin>Springer-Verlag, 1994</recordOrigin></recordInfo></relatedItem><identifier type="istex">6EAB42627D0435062223B4E6242F1F17CA4CD8D8</identifier><identifier type="ark">ark:/67375/1BB-WPWXNVL8-6</identifier><identifier type="DOI">10.1007/BF01309768</identifier><identifier type="ArticleID">BF01309768</identifier><identifier type="ArticleID">Art8</identifier><accessCondition type="use and reproduction" contentType="copyright">Springer-Verlag, 1994</accessCondition><recordInfo><recordContentSource authority="ISTEX" authorityURI="https://loaded-corpus.data.istex.fr" valueURI="https://loaded-corpus.data.istex.fr/ark:/67375/XBH-3XSW68JL-F">springer</recordContentSource><recordOrigin>Springer-Verlag, 1994</recordOrigin></recordInfo></mods><json:item><extension>json</extension><original>false</original><mimetype>application/json</mimetype><uri>https://api.istex.fr/ark:/67375/1BB-WPWXNVL8-6/record.json</uri></json:item></metadata><serie></serie></istex></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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