Surveillance of equine influenza viruses through the RESPE network in France from November 2005 to October 2010
Identifieur interne : 001127 ( Istex/Corpus ); précédent : 001126; suivant : 001128Surveillance of equine influenza viruses through the RESPE network in France from November 2005 to October 2010
Auteurs : L. J. Legrand ; P. Y. Pitel ; C. J. Marcillaud-Pitel ; A. A. Cullinane ; A. M. Couroucé ; G. D. Fortier ; F. L. Freymuth ; S. L. PronostSource :
- Equine Veterinary Journal [ 0425-1644 ] ; 2013-11.
Abstract
Reasons for performing the study: The Réseau d'Epidémio‐Surveillance en Pathologie Equine (RESPE, the French epidemiological network for equine diseases) is a network for epidemio‐surveillance of major equine diseases based around sentry veterinarians in France. Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the contribution of RESPE to efficient surveillance of equine influenza virus (EIV) in France. Study design: Retrospective cross‐sectional study. Methods: From November 2005 to October 2010, epidemiological and phylogenetic studies were performed on 1426 nasopharyngeal swabs received at the Frank Duncombe Laboratory. Detection was performed by real‐time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction using original primers and probes designed in the matrix protein gene. Phylogenetic analysis was carried out on the HA1 part of haemagglutinin gene amplified from 47 positive‐testing samples. Epidemiological information was provided with the majority of samples submitted through RESPE. Results: Of the 920 samples submitted by RESPE‐associated veterinarians, 121 (13.1%) from 42 premises were positive for EIV, compared to 26 (5.1%) of the 607 samples received from non‐RESPE associated veterinarians. The most extensive outbreak was observed between February and May 2009, affecting 70 horses on 23 premises, 15 of which were managed by RESPE‐associated veterinarians. All strains belonged to the American lineage, Florida sublineage, Clade 1 and Clade 2. Clade 1 was identified only during the Grosbois episode. Conclusion: RESPE improved detection of EIV in France, enabled characterisation of the virus strains, yielded valuable information relating to the epidemiology of the disease and identified vaccine breakdown. Potential relevance: Implementation of a similar surveillance network in other countries may reduce the economic losses associated with outbreaks of EIV. The Summary is available in Chinese ‐ see Supporting information.
Url:
DOI: 10.1111/evj.12100
Links to Exploration step
ISTEX:C8697BE4760DF8C74EF629D0FA7FD8A16EEC069CLe document en format XML
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Pitel</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Frank Duncombe Laboratory, Caen, France</mods:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Normandie University, Caen, France</mods:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><mods:affiliation>UNICAEN, EA 4655‐U2RM: Unité de Recherche Risques Microbiens, Caen, France</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Marcillaud Itel, C J" sort="Marcillaud Itel, C J" uniqKey="Marcillaud Itel C" first="C. J." last="Marcillaud-Pitel">C. J. Marcillaud-Pitel</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Frank Duncombe Laboratory, Caen, France</mods:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Acute Respiratory Syndromes Sub‐network, RESPE Association, Caen, France</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Cullinane, A A" sort="Cullinane, A A" uniqKey="Cullinane A" first="A. A." last="Cullinane">A. A. Cullinane</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Virology Unit, Irish Equine Centre, County Kildare, Ireland</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Courouce, A M" sort="Courouce, A M" uniqKey="Courouce A" first="A. M." last="Couroucé">A. M. Couroucé</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Acute Respiratory Syndromes Sub‐network, RESPE Association, Caen, France</mods:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><mods:affiliation>ONIRIS, Ecole vétérinaire de Nantes, France</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Fortier, G D" sort="Fortier, G D" uniqKey="Fortier G" first="G. D." last="Fortier">G. D. Fortier</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Frank Duncombe Laboratory, Caen, France</mods:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Normandie University, Caen, France</mods:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><mods:affiliation>UNICAEN, EA 4655‐U2RM: Unité de Recherche Risques Microbiens, Caen, France</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Freymuth, F L" sort="Freymuth, F L" uniqKey="Freymuth F" first="F. L." last="Freymuth">F. L. Freymuth</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Normandie University, Caen, France</mods:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><mods:affiliation>UNICAEN, EA 4655‐U2RM: Unité de Recherche Risques Microbiens, Caen, France</mods:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><mods:affiliation>CHU de Caen, Department of Virology, Caen, France</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Pronost, S L" sort="Pronost, S L" uniqKey="Pronost S" first="S. L." last="Pronost">S. L. Pronost</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Frank Duncombe Laboratory, Caen, France</mods:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Normandie University, Caen, France</mods:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><mods:affiliation>UNICAEN, EA 4655‐U2RM: Unité de Recherche Risques Microbiens, Caen, France</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">ISTEX</idno><idno type="RBID">ISTEX:C8697BE4760DF8C74EF629D0FA7FD8A16EEC069C</idno><date when="2013" year="2013">2013</date><idno type="doi">10.1111/evj.12100</idno><idno type="url">https://api.istex.fr/ark:/67375/WNG-RDZX9Q2X-C/fulltext.pdf</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Istex/Corpus">001127</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Istex" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="ISTEX">001127</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title level="a" type="main">Surveillance of equine influenza viruses through the RESPE network in France from November 2005 to October 2010</title><author><name sortKey="Legrand, L J" sort="Legrand, L J" uniqKey="Legrand L" first="L. J." last="Legrand">L. J. Legrand</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Frank Duncombe Laboratory, Caen, France</mods:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Normandie University, Caen, France</mods:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><mods:affiliation>UNICAEN, EA 4655‐U2RM: Unité de Recherche Risques Microbiens, Caen, France</mods:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><mods:affiliation>E-mail: loic.legrand@calvados.fr</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Pitel, P Y" sort="Pitel, P Y" uniqKey="Pitel P" first="P. Y." last="Pitel">P. Y. Pitel</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Frank Duncombe Laboratory, Caen, France</mods:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Normandie University, Caen, France</mods:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><mods:affiliation>UNICAEN, EA 4655‐U2RM: Unité de Recherche Risques Microbiens, Caen, France</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Marcillaud Itel, C J" sort="Marcillaud Itel, C J" uniqKey="Marcillaud Itel C" first="C. J." last="Marcillaud-Pitel">C. J. Marcillaud-Pitel</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Frank Duncombe Laboratory, Caen, France</mods:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Acute Respiratory Syndromes Sub‐network, RESPE Association, Caen, France</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Cullinane, A A" sort="Cullinane, A A" uniqKey="Cullinane A" first="A. A." last="Cullinane">A. A. Cullinane</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Virology Unit, Irish Equine Centre, County Kildare, Ireland</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Courouce, A M" sort="Courouce, A M" uniqKey="Courouce A" first="A. M." last="Couroucé">A. M. Couroucé</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Acute Respiratory Syndromes Sub‐network, RESPE Association, Caen, France</mods:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><mods:affiliation>ONIRIS, Ecole vétérinaire de Nantes, France</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Fortier, G D" sort="Fortier, G D" uniqKey="Fortier G" first="G. D." last="Fortier">G. D. Fortier</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Frank Duncombe Laboratory, Caen, France</mods:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Normandie University, Caen, France</mods:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><mods:affiliation>UNICAEN, EA 4655‐U2RM: Unité de Recherche Risques Microbiens, Caen, France</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Freymuth, F L" sort="Freymuth, F L" uniqKey="Freymuth F" first="F. L." last="Freymuth">F. L. Freymuth</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Normandie University, Caen, France</mods:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><mods:affiliation>UNICAEN, EA 4655‐U2RM: Unité de Recherche Risques Microbiens, Caen, France</mods:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><mods:affiliation>CHU de Caen, Department of Virology, Caen, France</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Pronost, S L" sort="Pronost, S L" uniqKey="Pronost S" first="S. L." last="Pronost">S. L. Pronost</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Frank Duncombe Laboratory, Caen, France</mods:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Normandie University, Caen, France</mods:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><mods:affiliation>UNICAEN, EA 4655‐U2RM: Unité de Recherche Risques Microbiens, Caen, France</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author></analytic><monogr></monogr><series><title level="j" type="main">Equine Veterinary Journal</title><title level="j" type="alt">EQUINE VETERINARY JOURNAL</title><idno type="ISSN">0425-1644</idno><idno type="eISSN">2042-3306</idno><imprint><biblScope unit="vol">45</biblScope><biblScope unit="issue">6</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" from="776">776</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" to="783">783</biblScope><biblScope unit="page-count">8</biblScope><date type="published" when="2013-11">2013-11</date></imprint><idno type="ISSN">0425-1644</idno></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc><seriesStmt><idno type="ISSN">0425-1644</idno></seriesStmt></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract">Reasons for performing the study: The Réseau d'Epidémio‐Surveillance en Pathologie Equine (RESPE, the French epidemiological network for equine diseases) is a network for epidemio‐surveillance of major equine diseases based around sentry veterinarians in France. Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the contribution of RESPE to efficient surveillance of equine influenza virus (EIV) in France. Study design: Retrospective cross‐sectional study. Methods: From November 2005 to October 2010, epidemiological and phylogenetic studies were performed on 1426 nasopharyngeal swabs received at the Frank Duncombe Laboratory. Detection was performed by real‐time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction using original primers and probes designed in the matrix protein gene. Phylogenetic analysis was carried out on the HA1 part of haemagglutinin gene amplified from 47 positive‐testing samples. Epidemiological information was provided with the majority of samples submitted through RESPE. Results: Of the 920 samples submitted by RESPE‐associated veterinarians, 121 (13.1%) from 42 premises were positive for EIV, compared to 26 (5.1%) of the 607 samples received from non‐RESPE associated veterinarians. The most extensive outbreak was observed between February and May 2009, affecting 70 horses on 23 premises, 15 of which were managed by RESPE‐associated veterinarians. All strains belonged to the American lineage, Florida sublineage, Clade 1 and Clade 2. Clade 1 was identified only during the Grosbois episode. Conclusion: RESPE improved detection of EIV in France, enabled characterisation of the virus strains, yielded valuable information relating to the epidemiology of the disease and identified vaccine breakdown. Potential relevance: Implementation of a similar surveillance network in other countries may reduce the economic losses associated with outbreaks of EIV. The Summary is available in Chinese ‐ see Supporting information.</div></front></TEI><istex><corpusName>wiley</corpusName><keywords><teeft><json:string>equine</json:string><json:string>respe</json:string><json:string>clade</json:string><json:string>information item</json:string><json:string>grosbois</json:string><json:string>legrand</json:string><json:string>vaccinated</json:string><json:string>november</json:string><json:string>equine virus</json:string><json:string>phylogenetic</json:string><json:string>october</json:string><json:string>sublineage</json:string><json:string>cullinane</json:string><json:string>february</json:string><json:string>equine surveillance</json:string><json:string>florida sublineage</json:string><json:string>swab</json:string><json:string>equine veterinary journal</json:string><json:string>pronost</json:string><json:string>outbreak</json:string><json:string>epidemiological</json:string><json:string>clinical sign</json:string><json:string>grosbois outbreak</json:string><json:string>respiratory sample</json:string><json:string>unvaccinated horse</json:string><json:string>nucleotide sequence</json:string><json:string>veterinarian</json:string><json:string>frank duncombe laboratory</json:string><json:string>respe sample</json:string><json:string>american lineage</json:string><json:string>nasal discharge</json:string><json:string>mucopurulent nasal discharge</json:string><json:string>phylogenetic analysis</json:string><json:string>nasal</json:string><json:string>datum</json:string><json:string>respiratory disease</json:string><json:string>spontaneous cough</json:string><json:string>nasal swab</json:string><json:string>respe network</json:string><json:string>study period</json:string><json:string>apparent epidemiological link</json:string><json:string>virus strain</json:string><json:string>equine outbreak</json:string><json:string>respe veterinarian</json:string><json:string>premise</json:string><json:string>lineage</json:string><json:string>virus</json:string><json:string>standard dilution</json:string><json:string>onestep kite</json:string><json:string>other virus</json:string><json:string>equine nasal secretion</json:string><json:string>streptococcus equi</json:string><json:string>distinct lineage</json:string><json:string>accession number</json:string><json:string>sample submission form</json:string><json:string>early warning system</json:string><json:string>original primer</json:string><json:string>transcription polymerase chain reaction</json:string><json:string>positive case</json:string><json:string>training yard</json:string><json:string>nasopharyngeal swab</json:string><json:string>clinical datum</json:string><json:string>positive sample</json:string><json:string>statistical analysis</json:string><json:string>recent booster</json:string><json:string>equilis prequenza</json:string><json:string>phylogenetic study</json:string><json:string>sentry veterinarian</json:string><json:string>negative horse</json:string><json:string>vaccinated horse</json:string><json:string>symptom severity</json:string><json:string>total population</json:string><json:string>race meeting</json:string><json:string>genetic analysis</json:string><json:string>equine disease</json:string><json:string>french epidemiological network</json:string><json:string>pathologie equine</json:string><json:string>genetic evolution</json:string></teeft></keywords><author><json:item><name>L. J. Legrand</name><affiliations><json:string>Frank Duncombe Laboratory, Caen, France</json:string><json:string>Normandie University, Caen, France</json:string><json:string>UNICAEN, EA 4655‐U2RM: Unité de Recherche Risques Microbiens, Caen, France</json:string><json:string>E-mail: loic.legrand@calvados.fr</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>P.‐H. Y. Pitel</name><affiliations><json:string>Frank Duncombe Laboratory, Caen, France</json:string><json:string>Normandie University, Caen, France</json:string><json:string>UNICAEN, EA 4655‐U2RM: Unité de Recherche Risques Microbiens, Caen, France</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>C. J. Marcillaud‐Pitel</name><affiliations><json:string>Frank Duncombe Laboratory, Caen, France</json:string><json:string>Acute Respiratory Syndromes Sub‐network, RESPE Association, Caen, France</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>A. A. Cullinane</name><affiliations><json:string>Virology Unit, Irish Equine Centre, County Kildare, Ireland</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>A. M. Couroucé</name><affiliations><json:string>Acute Respiratory Syndromes Sub‐network, RESPE Association, Caen, France</json:string><json:string>ONIRIS, Ecole vétérinaire de Nantes, France</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>G. D. Fortier</name><affiliations><json:string>Frank Duncombe Laboratory, Caen, France</json:string><json:string>Normandie University, Caen, France</json:string><json:string>UNICAEN, EA 4655‐U2RM: Unité de Recherche Risques Microbiens, Caen, France</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>F. L. Freymuth</name><affiliations><json:string>Normandie University, Caen, France</json:string><json:string>UNICAEN, EA 4655‐U2RM: Unité de Recherche Risques Microbiens, Caen, France</json:string><json:string>CHU de Caen, Department of Virology, Caen, France</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>S. L. Pronost</name><affiliations><json:string>Frank Duncombe Laboratory, Caen, France</json:string><json:string>Normandie University, Caen, France</json:string><json:string>UNICAEN, EA 4655‐U2RM: Unité de Recherche Risques Microbiens, Caen, France</json:string></affiliations></json:item></author><subject><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>horse</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>equine influenza</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>outbreak</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>surveillance network</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>epidemio‐surveillance</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>phylogenetic analysis</value></json:item></subject><articleId><json:string>EVJ12100</json:string></articleId><arkIstex>ark:/67375/WNG-RDZX9Q2X-C</arkIstex><language><json:string>eng</json:string></language><originalGenre><json:string>article</json:string></originalGenre><abstract>Reasons for performing the study: The Réseau d'Epidémio‐Surveillance en Pathologie Equine (RESPE, the French epidemiological network for equine diseases) is a network for epidemio‐surveillance of major equine diseases based around sentry veterinarians in France. Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the contribution of RESPE to efficient surveillance of equine influenza virus (EIV) in France. Study design: Retrospective cross‐sectional study. Methods: From November 2005 to October 2010, epidemiological and phylogenetic studies were performed on 1426 nasopharyngeal swabs received at the Frank Duncombe Laboratory. Detection was performed by real‐time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction using original primers and probes designed in the matrix protein gene. Phylogenetic analysis was carried out on the HA1 part of haemagglutinin gene amplified from 47 positive‐testing samples. Epidemiological information was provided with the majority of samples submitted through RESPE. Results: Of the 920 samples submitted by RESPE‐associated veterinarians, 121 (13.1%) from 42 premises were positive for EIV, compared to 26 (5.1%) of the 607 samples received from non‐RESPE associated veterinarians. The most extensive outbreak was observed between February and May 2009, affecting 70 horses on 23 premises, 15 of which were managed by RESPE‐associated veterinarians. All strains belonged to the American lineage, Florida sublineage, Clade 1 and Clade 2. Clade 1 was identified only during the Grosbois episode. Conclusion: RESPE improved detection of EIV in France, enabled characterisation of the virus strains, yielded valuable information relating to the epidemiology of the disease and identified vaccine breakdown. Potential relevance: Implementation of a similar surveillance network in other countries may reduce the economic losses associated with outbreaks of EIV. 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Cullinane</json:string></persName><placeName><json:string>Southampton</json:string><json:string>Miami</json:string><json:string>Vincennes</json:string><json:string>Caen</json:string><json:string>Fontainebleau</json:string><json:string>Australia</json:string><json:string>UK</json:string><json:string>Richmond</json:string><json:string>Saumur</json:string><json:string>Prague</json:string><json:string>Bayeux</json:string><json:string>Northumberland</json:string><json:string>Europe</json:string><json:string>Dijon</json:string><json:string>Ireland</json:string><json:string>Egypt</json:string><json:string>France</json:string><json:string>Spain</json:string><json:string>Pau</json:string></placeName><ref_url><json:string>http://www.respe.net/</json:string></ref_url><ref_bibl><json:string>[12,26,29,30]</json:string><json:string>February and May 2009</json:string><json:string>[12,29]</json:string><json:string>[12]</json:string><json:string>[18]</json:string><json:string>[6]</json:string><json:string>[8]</json:string><json:string>[17]</json:string><json:string>[21]</json:string><json:string>[2,28]</json:string><json:string>[27]</json:string><json:string>[13,14]</json:string><json:string>July 2008</json:string><json:string>[20]</json:string><json:string>[5]</json:string><json:string>[10,12,26,29,30]</json:string><json:string>[7]</json:string><json:string>[10,26]</json:string><json:string>[25]</json:string><json:string>[9]</json:string><json:string>[22,23]</json:string><json:string>[2]</json:string><json:string>[24]</json:string><json:string>L. J. Legrand et al.</json:string><json:string>[19]</json:string></ref_bibl><bibl></bibl></unitex></namedEntities><ark><json:string>ark:/67375/WNG-RDZX9Q2X-C</json:string></ark><categories><wos><json:string>1 - science</json:string><json:string>2 - veterinary sciences</json:string></wos><scienceMetrix><json:string>1 - applied sciences</json:string><json:string>2 - agriculture, fisheries & forestry</json:string><json:string>3 - veterinary sciences</json:string></scienceMetrix><scopus><json:string>1 - Health Sciences</json:string><json:string>2 - Veterinary</json:string><json:string>3 - Equine</json:string><json:string>1 - Health Sciences</json:string><json:string>2 - Medicine</json:string><json:string>3 - General Medicine</json:string></scopus><inist><json:string>1 - sciences appliquees, technologies et medecines</json:string><json:string>2 - sciences biologiques et medicales</json:string><json:string>3 - sciences medicales</json:string><json:string>4 - anesthesie. reanimation. transfusion. therapie cellulaire et therapie genique</json:string></inist></categories><publicationDate>2013</publicationDate><copyrightDate>2013</copyrightDate><doi><json:string>10.1111/evj.12100</json:string></doi><id>C8697BE4760DF8C74EF629D0FA7FD8A16EEC069C</id><score>1</score><fulltext><json:item><extension>pdf</extension><original>true</original><mimetype>application/pdf</mimetype><uri>https://api.istex.fr/ark:/67375/WNG-RDZX9Q2X-C/fulltext.pdf</uri></json:item><json:item><extension>zip</extension><original>false</original><mimetype>application/zip</mimetype><uri>https://api.istex.fr/ark:/67375/WNG-RDZX9Q2X-C/bundle.zip</uri></json:item><istex:fulltextTEI uri="https://api.istex.fr/ark:/67375/WNG-RDZX9Q2X-C/fulltext.tei"><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title level="a" type="main">Surveillance of equine influenza viruses through the RESPE network in France from November 2005 to October 2010</title><title level="a" type="short">Equine influenza surveillance in France</title></titleStmt><publicationStmt><authority>ISTEX</authority><publisher ref="https://scientific-publisher.data.istex.fr/ark:/67375/H02-QW5Q88H5-V">Wiley Publishing Ltd</publisher><availability><licence>© 2013 EVJ Ltd</licence></availability><date type="published" when="2013-11"></date></publicationStmt><notesStmt><note type="content-type" subtype="article" source="article" scheme="https://content-type.data.istex.fr/ark:/67375/XTP-6N5SZHKN-D">article</note><note type="publication-type" subtype="journal" scheme="https://publication-type.data.istex.fr/ark:/67375/JMC-0GLKJH51-B">journal</note></notesStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct type="article"><analytic><title level="a" type="main">Surveillance of equine influenza viruses through the RESPE network in France from November 2005 to October 2010</title><title level="a" type="short">Equine influenza surveillance in France</title><author xml:id="author-0000" role="corresp"><persName><forename type="first">L. J.</forename><surname>Legrand</surname></persName><affiliation><orgName type="institution">Frank Duncombe Laboratory</orgName><address><settlement>Caen</settlement><country key="FR" xml:lang="en">FRANCE</country></address></affiliation><affiliation><orgName type="institution">Normandie University</orgName><address><settlement>Caen</settlement><country key="FR" xml:lang="en">FRANCE</country></address></affiliation><affiliation><orgName type="institution">UNICAEN, EA 4655‐U2RM: Unité de Recherche Risques Microbiens</orgName><address><settlement>Caen</settlement><country key="FR" xml:lang="en">FRANCE</country></address></affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-0001"><persName><forename type="first">P.‐H. Y.</forename><surname>Pitel</surname></persName><affiliation><orgName type="institution">Frank Duncombe Laboratory</orgName><address><settlement>Caen</settlement><country key="FR" xml:lang="en">FRANCE</country></address></affiliation><affiliation><orgName type="institution">Normandie University</orgName><address><settlement>Caen</settlement><country key="FR" xml:lang="en">FRANCE</country></address></affiliation><affiliation><orgName type="institution">UNICAEN, EA 4655‐U2RM: Unité de Recherche Risques Microbiens</orgName><address><settlement>Caen</settlement><country key="FR" xml:lang="en">FRANCE</country></address></affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-0002"><persName><forename type="first">C. J.</forename><surname>Marcillaud‐Pitel</surname></persName><affiliation><orgName type="institution">Frank Duncombe Laboratory</orgName><address><settlement>Caen</settlement><country key="FR" xml:lang="en">FRANCE</country></address></affiliation><affiliation><orgName type="division">Acute Respiratory Syndromes Sub‐network</orgName><orgName type="institution">RESPE Association</orgName><address><settlement>Caen</settlement><country key="FR" xml:lang="en">FRANCE</country></address></affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-0003"><persName><forename type="first">A. A.</forename><surname>Cullinane</surname></persName><affiliation><orgName type="division">Virology Unit</orgName><orgName type="institution">Irish Equine Centre</orgName><address><settlement>County Kildare</settlement><country key="IE" xml:lang="en">IRELAND</country></address></affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-0004"><persName><forename type="first">A. M.</forename><surname>Couroucé</surname></persName><affiliation><orgName type="division">Acute Respiratory Syndromes Sub‐network</orgName><orgName type="institution">RESPE Association</orgName><address><settlement>Caen</settlement><country key="FR" xml:lang="en">FRANCE</country></address></affiliation><affiliation><orgName type="division">ONIRIS</orgName><orgName type="institution">Ecole vétérinaire de Nantes</orgName><address><country key="FR" xml:lang="en">FRANCE</country></address></affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-0005"><persName><forename type="first">G. D.</forename><surname>Fortier</surname></persName><affiliation><orgName type="institution">Frank Duncombe Laboratory</orgName><address><settlement>Caen</settlement><country key="FR" xml:lang="en">FRANCE</country></address></affiliation><affiliation><orgName type="institution">Normandie University</orgName><address><settlement>Caen</settlement><country key="FR" xml:lang="en">FRANCE</country></address></affiliation><affiliation><orgName type="institution">UNICAEN, EA 4655‐U2RM: Unité de Recherche Risques Microbiens</orgName><address><settlement>Caen</settlement><country key="FR" xml:lang="en">FRANCE</country></address></affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-0006"><persName><forename type="first">F. L.</forename><surname>Freymuth</surname></persName><affiliation><orgName type="institution">Normandie University</orgName><address><settlement>Caen</settlement><country key="FR" xml:lang="en">FRANCE</country></address></affiliation><affiliation><orgName type="institution">UNICAEN, EA 4655‐U2RM: Unité de Recherche Risques Microbiens</orgName><address><settlement>Caen</settlement><country key="FR" xml:lang="en">FRANCE</country></address></affiliation><affiliation><orgName type="division">CHU de Caen</orgName><orgName type="institution">Department of Virology</orgName><address><settlement>Caen</settlement><country key="FR" xml:lang="en">FRANCE</country></address></affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-0007"><persName><forename type="first">S. L.</forename><surname>Pronost</surname></persName><affiliation><orgName type="institution">Frank Duncombe Laboratory</orgName><address><settlement>Caen</settlement><country key="FR" xml:lang="en">FRANCE</country></address></affiliation><affiliation><orgName type="institution">Normandie University</orgName><address><settlement>Caen</settlement><country key="FR" xml:lang="en">FRANCE</country></address></affiliation><affiliation><orgName type="institution">UNICAEN, EA 4655‐U2RM: Unité de Recherche Risques Microbiens</orgName><address><settlement>Caen</settlement><country key="FR" xml:lang="en">FRANCE</country></address></affiliation></author><idno type="istex">C8697BE4760DF8C74EF629D0FA7FD8A16EEC069C</idno><idno type="ark">ark:/67375/WNG-RDZX9Q2X-C</idno><idno type="DOI">10.1111/evj.12100</idno><idno type="unit">EVJ12100</idno><idno type="toTypesetVersion">file://EVJ.EVJ12100.pdf</idno></analytic><monogr><title level="j" type="main">Equine Veterinary Journal</title><title level="j" type="alt">EQUINE VETERINARY JOURNAL</title><idno type="pISSN">0425-1644</idno><idno type="eISSN">2042-3306</idno><idno type="book-DOI">10.1001/(ISSN)2042-3306</idno><idno type="book-part-DOI">10.1111/evj.2013.45.issue-6</idno><idno type="product">EVJ</idno><imprint><biblScope unit="vol">45</biblScope><biblScope unit="issue">6</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" from="776">776</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" to="783">783</biblScope><biblScope unit="page-count">8</biblScope><date type="published" when="2013-11"></date></imprint></monogr></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><encodingDesc><schemaRef type="ODD" url="https://xml-schema.delivery.istex.fr/tei-istex.odd"></schemaRef><appInfo><application ident="pub2tei" version="1.0.10" when="2019-12-20"><label>pub2TEI-ISTEX</label><desc>A set of style sheets for converting XML documents encoded in various scientific publisher formats into a common TEI format.
<ref target="http://www.tei-c.org/">We use TEI</ref></desc></application></appInfo></encodingDesc><profileDesc><abstract style="main"><head>Summary</head><head>Reasons for performing the study</head><p>The Réseau d'<hi rend="fc">E</hi>pidémio‐<hi rend="fc">S</hi>urveillance en <hi rend="fc">P</hi>athologie <hi rend="fc">E</hi>quine (<hi rend="fc">RESPE</hi>, the <hi rend="fc">F</hi>rench epidemiological network for equine diseases) is a network for epidemio‐surveillance of major equine diseases based around sentry veterinarians in <hi rend="fc">F</hi>rance.</p><head>Objective</head><p>The aim of this study was to evaluate the contribution of <hi rend="fc">RESPE</hi> to efficient surveillance of equine influenza virus (<hi rend="fc">EIV</hi>) in <hi rend="fc">F</hi>rance.</p><head>Study design</head><p>Retrospective cross‐sectional study.</p><head>Methods</head><p>From <hi rend="fc">N</hi>ovember 2005 to <hi rend="fc">O</hi>ctober 2010, epidemiological and phylogenetic studies were performed on 1426 nasopharyngeal swabs received at the <hi rend="fc">F</hi>rank <hi rend="fc">D</hi>uncombe <hi rend="fc">L</hi>aboratory. Detection was performed by real‐time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction using original primers and probes designed in the matrix protein gene. Phylogenetic analysis was carried out on the <hi rend="fc">HA</hi>1 part of haemagglutinin gene amplified from 47 positive‐testing samples. Epidemiological information was provided with the majority of samples submitted through <hi rend="fc">RESPE</hi>.</p><head>Results</head><p>Of the 920 samples submitted by <hi rend="fc">RESPE</hi>‐associated veterinarians, 121 (13.1%) from 42 premises were positive for <hi rend="fc">EIV</hi>, compared to 26 (5.1%) of the 607 samples received from non‐<hi rend="fc">RESPE</hi> associated veterinarians. The most extensive outbreak was observed between <hi rend="fc">F</hi>ebruary and <hi rend="fc">M</hi>ay 2009, affecting 70 horses on 23 premises, 15 of which were managed by <hi rend="fc">RESPE</hi>‐associated veterinarians. All strains belonged to the <hi rend="fc">A</hi>merican lineage, <hi rend="fc">F</hi>lorida sublineage, <hi rend="fc">C</hi>lade 1 and <hi rend="fc">C</hi>lade 2. Clade 1 was identified only during the <hi rend="fc">G</hi>rosbois episode.</p><head>Conclusion</head><p><hi rend="fc">RESPE</hi> improved detection of <hi rend="fc">EIV</hi> in <hi rend="fc">F</hi>rance, enabled characterisation of the virus strains, yielded valuable information relating to the epidemiology of the disease and identified vaccine breakdown.</p><head>Potential relevance</head><p>Implementation of a similar surveillance network in other countries may reduce the economic losses associated with outbreaks of <hi rend="fc">EIV</hi>.</p><p><hi rend="bold">The Summary is available in <hi rend="fc">C</hi>hinese ‐ see Supporting information.</hi></p></abstract><textClass><keywords><term xml:id="evj12100-kwd-0001">horse</term><term xml:id="evj12100-kwd-0002">equine influenza</term><term xml:id="evj12100-kwd-0003">outbreak</term><term xml:id="evj12100-kwd-0004">surveillance network</term><term xml:id="evj12100-kwd-0005">epidemio‐surveillance</term><term xml:id="evj12100-kwd-0006">phylogenetic analysis</term></keywords><keywords rend="tocHeading1"><term>Special focus on equine influenza</term></keywords><keywords rend="tocHeading2"><term>ANALYTICAL CLINICAL STUDY</term></keywords><keywords rend="articleCategory"><term>ANALYTICAL CLINICAL STUDY</term></keywords></textClass><langUsage><language ident="en"></language></langUsage></profileDesc><revisionDesc><change when="2019-12-20" who="#istex" xml:id="pub2tei">formatting</change></revisionDesc></teiHeader></istex:fulltextTEI><json:item><extension>txt</extension><original>false</original><mimetype>text/plain</mimetype><uri>https://api.istex.fr/ark:/67375/WNG-RDZX9Q2X-C/fulltext.txt</uri></json:item></fulltext><metadata><istex:metadataXml wicri:clean="Wiley, elements deleted: body"><istex:xmlDeclaration>version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="yes"</istex:xmlDeclaration><istex:document><component type="serialArticle" version="2.0" xml:id="evj12100" xml:lang="en"><header><publicationMeta level="product"><doi origin="wiley">10.1001/(ISSN)2042-3306</doi><issn type="print">0425-1644</issn><issn type="electronic">2042-3306</issn><idGroup><id type="product" value="EVJ"></id></idGroup><titleGroup><title sort="EQUINE VETERINARY JOURNAL" type="main">Equine Veterinary Journal</title><title type="short">Equine Vet J</title></titleGroup></publicationMeta><publicationMeta level="part" position="11106"><doi>10.1111/evj.2013.45.issue-6</doi><copyright ownership="thirdParty">© 2013 EVJ Ltd</copyright><numberingGroup><numbering number="45" type="journalVolume">45</numbering><numbering type="journalIssue">6</numbering></numberingGroup><coverDate startDate="2013-11">November 2013</coverDate></publicationMeta><publicationMeta level="unit" status="forIssue" type="article" position="270"><doi>10.1111/evj.12100</doi><idGroup><id type="unit" value="EVJ12100"></id></idGroup><countGroup><count number="8" type="pageTotal"></count></countGroup><titleGroup><title type="tocHeading1">Special focus on equine influenza</title><title type="tocHeading2">ANALYTICAL CLINICAL STUDY</title><title type="articleCategory">ANALYTICAL CLINICAL STUDY</title></titleGroup><copyright ownership="thirdParty">© 2013 EVJ Ltd</copyright><eventGroup><event agent="bestset" date="2013-05-15" type="xmlCreated"></event><event date="2012-07-05" type="manuscriptReceived"></event><event date="2013-03-13" type="manuscriptAccepted"></event><event date="2014-10-27" type="xmlCorrected"></event><event type="publishedOnlineAccepted" date="2013-05-08"></event><event type="publishedOnlineEarlyUnpaginated" date="2013-07-08"></event><event type="publishedOnlineFinalForm" date="2013-10-14"></event><event type="firstOnline" date="2013-07-08"></event><event type="xmlConverted" agent="Converter:WML3G_To_WML3G version:4.6.4 mode:FullText" date="2015-10-02"></event></eventGroup><numberingGroup><numbering type="pageFirst">776</numbering><numbering type="pageLast">783</numbering></numberingGroup><correspondenceTo>Correspondence email: <email>loic.legrand@calvados.fr</email>;</correspondenceTo><linkGroup><link type="toTypesetVersion" href="file://EVJ.EVJ12100.pdf"></link></linkGroup></publicationMeta><contentMeta><titleGroup><title type="short">Equine influenza surveillance in France</title><title type="shortAuthors">L. <fc>J</fc>. <fc>L</fc>egrand <i>et al</i>.</title><title type="main">Surveillance of equine influenza viruses through the <fc>RESPE</fc> network in <fc>F</fc>rance from <fc>N</fc>ovember 2005 to <fc>O</fc>ctober 2010</title></titleGroup><creators><creator affiliationRef="#evj12100-aff-0001 #evj12100-aff-0002 #evj12100-aff-0003" corresponding="yes" creatorRole="author" xml:id="evj12100-cr-0001"><personName><givenNames>L. J.</givenNames><familyName>Legrand</familyName></personName></creator><creator affiliationRef="#evj12100-aff-0001 #evj12100-aff-0002 #evj12100-aff-0003" creatorRole="author" xml:id="evj12100-cr-0002"><personName><givenNames>P.‐H. Y.</givenNames><familyName>Pitel</familyName></personName></creator><creator affiliationRef="#evj12100-aff-0001 #evj12100-aff-0004" creatorRole="author" xml:id="evj12100-cr-0003"><personName><givenNames>C. J.</givenNames><familyName>Marcillaud‐Pitel</familyName></personName></creator><creator affiliationRef="#evj12100-aff-0005" creatorRole="author" xml:id="evj12100-cr-0004"><personName><givenNames>A. A.</givenNames><familyName>Cullinane</familyName></personName></creator><creator affiliationRef="#evj12100-aff-0004 #evj12100-aff-0006" creatorRole="author" xml:id="evj12100-cr-0005"><personName><givenNames>A. M.</givenNames><familyName>Couroucé</familyName></personName></creator><creator affiliationRef="#evj12100-aff-0001 #evj12100-aff-0002 #evj12100-aff-0003" creatorRole="author" xml:id="evj12100-cr-0006"><personName><givenNames>G. D.</givenNames><familyName>Fortier</familyName></personName></creator><creator affiliationRef="#evj12100-aff-0002 #evj12100-aff-0003 #evj12100-aff-0007" creatorRole="author" xml:id="evj12100-cr-0007"><personName><givenNames>F. L.</givenNames><familyName>Freymuth</familyName></personName></creator><creator affiliationRef="#evj12100-aff-0001 #evj12100-aff-0002 #evj12100-aff-0003" creatorRole="author" xml:id="evj12100-cr-0008"><personName><givenNames>S. L.</givenNames><familyName>Pronost</familyName></personName></creator></creators><affiliationGroup><affiliation countryCode="FR" xml:id="evj12100-aff-0001"><orgName>Frank Duncombe Laboratory</orgName><address><city>Caen</city><country>France</country></address></affiliation><affiliation countryCode="FR" xml:id="evj12100-aff-0002"><orgName>Normandie University</orgName><address><city>Caen</city><country>France</country></address></affiliation><affiliation countryCode="FR" xml:id="evj12100-aff-0003"><orgName>UNICAEN, EA 4655‐U2RM: Unité de Recherche Risques Microbiens</orgName><address><city>Caen</city><country>France</country></address></affiliation><affiliation countryCode="FR" xml:id="evj12100-aff-0004"><orgDiv>Acute Respiratory Syndromes Sub‐network</orgDiv><orgName>RESPE Association</orgName><address><city>Caen</city><country>France</country></address></affiliation><affiliation countryCode="IE" xml:id="evj12100-aff-0005"><orgDiv>Virology Unit</orgDiv><orgName>Irish Equine Centre</orgName><address><city>County Kildare</city><country>Ireland</country></address></affiliation><affiliation countryCode="FR" xml:id="evj12100-aff-0006"><orgDiv>ONIRIS</orgDiv><orgName>Ecole vétérinaire de Nantes</orgName><address><country>France</country></address></affiliation><affiliation countryCode="FR" xml:id="evj12100-aff-0007"><orgDiv>CHU de Caen</orgDiv><orgName>Department of Virology</orgName><address><city>Caen</city><country>France</country></address></affiliation></affiliationGroup><keywordGroup type="author"><keyword xml:id="evj12100-kwd-0001">horse</keyword><keyword xml:id="evj12100-kwd-0002">equine influenza</keyword><keyword xml:id="evj12100-kwd-0003">outbreak</keyword><keyword xml:id="evj12100-kwd-0004">surveillance network</keyword><keyword xml:id="evj12100-kwd-0005">epidemio‐surveillance</keyword><keyword xml:id="evj12100-kwd-0006">phylogenetic analysis</keyword></keywordGroup><fundingInfo><fundingAgency>‘Conseil General du Calvados’ (County Council)</fundingAgency></fundingInfo><supportingInformation><supportingInfoItem><mediaResource alt="docx" href="urn-x:wiley:04251644:media:evj12100:evj12100-sup-0001-si"></mediaResource><caption><p><b>Summary in Chinese.</b></p></caption></supportingInfoItem><supportingInfoItem><mediaResource alt="doc" href="urn-x:wiley:04251644:media:evj12100:evj12100-sup-0002-item1"></mediaResource><caption><p><b>Supporting Information Item S1:</b> Repartition of the RESPE‐associated veterinarians in a/2006, b/2007, c/2008, d/2009 and e/2010.</p></caption></supportingInfoItem><supportingInfoItem><mediaResource alt="doc" href="urn-x:wiley:04251644:media:evj12100:evj12100-sup-0003-item2"></mediaResource><caption><p><b>Supporting Information Item S2:</b> Reporting protocol/acute respiratory syndrome (ARS).</p></caption></supportingInfoItem><supportingInfoItem><mediaResource alt="pdf" href="urn-x:wiley:04251644:media:evj12100:evj12100-sup-0004-item3"></mediaResource><caption><p><b>Supporting Information Item S3:</b> Sample submission form.</p></caption></supportingInfoItem><supportingInfoItem><mediaResource alt="doc" href="urn-x:wiley:04251644:media:evj12100:evj12100-sup-0005-item4"></mediaResource><caption><p><b>Supporting Information Item S4:</b> Equine and canine influenza A virus M gene sequences aligned for the RRT‐PCR primers and probe design.</p></caption></supportingInfoItem><supportingInfoItem><mediaResource alt="doc" href="urn-x:wiley:04251644:media:evj12100:evj12100-sup-0006-item5"></mediaResource><caption><p><b>Supporting Information Item S5:</b> Premises detected by real‐time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction from November 2005 to October 2010 and phylogenetic characterisation of the viruses detected. Premises managed by RESPE are in grey.</p></caption></supportingInfoItem><supportingInfoItem><mediaResource alt="doc" href="urn-x:wiley:04251644:media:evj12100:evj12100-sup-0007-item6"></mediaResource><caption><p><b>Supporting Information Item S6:</b> Breeds of RESPE horse population infected by equine influenza virus from November 2005 to October 2010.</p></caption></supportingInfoItem><supportingInfoItem><mediaResource alt="jpg" href="urn-x:wiley:04251644:media:evj12100:evj12100-sup-0008-item7"></mediaResource><caption><p><b>Supporting Information Item S7:</b> Location of associated premises during the Grosbois outbreak in 2009.</p></caption></supportingInfoItem></supportingInformation><abstractGroup><abstract type="main"><title type="main">Summary</title><section xml:id="evj12100-sec-0001"><title type="main">Reasons for performing the study</title><p>The Réseau d'<fc>E</fc>pidémio‐<fc>S</fc>urveillance en <fc>P</fc>athologie <fc>E</fc>quine (<fc>RESPE</fc>, the <fc>F</fc>rench epidemiological network for equine diseases) is a network for epidemio‐surveillance of major equine diseases based around sentry veterinarians in <fc>F</fc>rance.</p></section><section xml:id="evj12100-sec-0002"><title type="main">Objective</title><p>The aim of this study was to evaluate the contribution of <fc>RESPE</fc> to efficient surveillance of equine influenza virus (<fc>EIV</fc>) in <fc>F</fc>rance.</p></section><section xml:id="evj12100-sec-0003"><title type="main">Study design</title><p>Retrospective cross‐sectional study.</p></section><section xml:id="evj12100-sec-0004"><title type="main">Methods</title><p>From <fc>N</fc>ovember 2005 to <fc>O</fc>ctober 2010, epidemiological and phylogenetic studies were performed on 1426 nasopharyngeal swabs received at the <fc>F</fc>rank <fc>D</fc>uncombe <fc>L</fc>aboratory. Detection was performed by real‐time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction using original primers and probes designed in the matrix protein gene. Phylogenetic analysis was carried out on the <fc>HA</fc>1 part of haemagglutinin gene amplified from 47 positive‐testing samples. Epidemiological information was provided with the majority of samples submitted through <fc>RESPE</fc>.</p></section><section xml:id="evj12100-sec-0005"><title type="main">Results</title><p>Of the 920 samples submitted by <fc>RESPE</fc>‐associated veterinarians, 121 (13.1%) from 42 premises were positive for <fc>EIV</fc>, compared to 26 (5.1%) of the 607 samples received from non‐<fc>RESPE</fc> associated veterinarians. The most extensive outbreak was observed between <fc>F</fc>ebruary and <fc>M</fc>ay 2009, affecting 70 horses on 23 premises, 15 of which were managed by <fc>RESPE</fc>‐associated veterinarians. All strains belonged to the <fc>A</fc>merican lineage, <fc>F</fc>lorida sublineage, <fc>C</fc>lade 1 and <fc>C</fc>lade 2. Clade 1 was identified only during the <fc>G</fc>rosbois episode.</p></section><section xml:id="evj12100-sec-0006"><title type="main">Conclusion</title><p><fc>RESPE</fc> improved detection of <fc>EIV</fc> in <fc>F</fc>rance, enabled characterisation of the virus strains, yielded valuable information relating to the epidemiology of the disease and identified vaccine breakdown.</p></section><section xml:id="evj12100-sec-0007"><title type="main">Potential relevance</title><p>Implementation of a similar surveillance network in other countries may reduce the economic losses associated with outbreaks of <fc>EIV</fc>.</p><p><b>The Summary is available in <fc>C</fc>hinese ‐ see Supporting information.</b></p></section></abstract></abstractGroup></contentMeta></header></component></istex:document></istex:metadataXml><mods version="3.6"><titleInfo lang="en"><title>Surveillance of equine influenza viruses through the RESPE network in France from November 2005 to October 2010</title></titleInfo><titleInfo type="abbreviated" lang="en"><title>Equine influenza surveillance in France</title></titleInfo><titleInfo type="alternative" contentType="CDATA" lang="en"><title>Surveillance of equine influenza viruses through the RESPE network in France from November 2005 to October 2010</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">L. J.</namePart><namePart type="family">Legrand</namePart><affiliation>Frank Duncombe Laboratory, Caen, France</affiliation><affiliation>Normandie University, Caen, France</affiliation><affiliation>UNICAEN, EA 4655‐U2RM: Unité de Recherche Risques Microbiens, Caen, France</affiliation><affiliation>E-mail: loic.legrand@calvados.fr</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">P.‐H. Y.</namePart><namePart type="family">Pitel</namePart><affiliation>Frank Duncombe Laboratory, Caen, France</affiliation><affiliation>Normandie University, Caen, France</affiliation><affiliation>UNICAEN, EA 4655‐U2RM: Unité de Recherche Risques Microbiens, Caen, France</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">C. J.</namePart><namePart type="family">Marcillaud‐Pitel</namePart><affiliation>Frank Duncombe Laboratory, Caen, France</affiliation><affiliation>Acute Respiratory Syndromes Sub‐network, RESPE Association, Caen, France</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">A. A.</namePart><namePart type="family">Cullinane</namePart><affiliation>Virology Unit, Irish Equine Centre, County Kildare, Ireland</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">A. M.</namePart><namePart type="family">Couroucé</namePart><affiliation>Acute Respiratory Syndromes Sub‐network, RESPE Association, Caen, France</affiliation><affiliation>ONIRIS, Ecole vétérinaire de Nantes, France</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">G. D.</namePart><namePart type="family">Fortier</namePart><affiliation>Frank Duncombe Laboratory, Caen, France</affiliation><affiliation>Normandie University, Caen, France</affiliation><affiliation>UNICAEN, EA 4655‐U2RM: Unité de Recherche Risques Microbiens, Caen, France</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">F. L.</namePart><namePart type="family">Freymuth</namePart><affiliation>Normandie University, Caen, France</affiliation><affiliation>UNICAEN, EA 4655‐U2RM: Unité de Recherche Risques Microbiens, Caen, France</affiliation><affiliation>CHU de Caen, Department of Virology, Caen, France</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">S. L.</namePart><namePart type="family">Pronost</namePart><affiliation>Frank Duncombe Laboratory, Caen, France</affiliation><affiliation>Normandie University, Caen, France</affiliation><affiliation>UNICAEN, EA 4655‐U2RM: Unité de Recherche Risques Microbiens, Caen, France</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><typeOfResource>text</typeOfResource><genre type="article" displayLabel="article" authority="ISTEX" authorityURI="https://content-type.data.istex.fr" valueURI="https://content-type.data.istex.fr/ark:/67375/XTP-6N5SZHKN-D">article</genre><originInfo><publisher>Blackwell Publishing Ltd</publisher><dateIssued encoding="w3cdtf">2013-11</dateIssued><dateCreated encoding="w3cdtf">2013-05-15</dateCreated><dateCaptured encoding="w3cdtf">2012-07-05</dateCaptured><dateValid encoding="w3cdtf">2013-03-13</dateValid><copyrightDate encoding="w3cdtf">2013</copyrightDate></originInfo><language><languageTerm type="code" authority="rfc3066">en</languageTerm><languageTerm type="code" authority="iso639-2b">eng</languageTerm></language><abstract>Reasons for performing the study: The Réseau d'Epidémio‐Surveillance en Pathologie Equine (RESPE, the French epidemiological network for equine diseases) is a network for epidemio‐surveillance of major equine diseases based around sentry veterinarians in France. Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the contribution of RESPE to efficient surveillance of equine influenza virus (EIV) in France. Study design: Retrospective cross‐sectional study. Methods: From November 2005 to October 2010, epidemiological and phylogenetic studies were performed on 1426 nasopharyngeal swabs received at the Frank Duncombe Laboratory. Detection was performed by real‐time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction using original primers and probes designed in the matrix protein gene. Phylogenetic analysis was carried out on the HA1 part of haemagglutinin gene amplified from 47 positive‐testing samples. Epidemiological information was provided with the majority of samples submitted through RESPE. Results: Of the 920 samples submitted by RESPE‐associated veterinarians, 121 (13.1%) from 42 premises were positive for EIV, compared to 26 (5.1%) of the 607 samples received from non‐RESPE associated veterinarians. The most extensive outbreak was observed between February and May 2009, affecting 70 horses on 23 premises, 15 of which were managed by RESPE‐associated veterinarians. All strains belonged to the American lineage, Florida sublineage, Clade 1 and Clade 2. Clade 1 was identified only during the Grosbois episode. Conclusion: RESPE improved detection of EIV in France, enabled characterisation of the virus strains, yielded valuable information relating to the epidemiology of the disease and identified vaccine breakdown. Potential relevance: Implementation of a similar surveillance network in other countries may reduce the economic losses associated with outbreaks of EIV. The Summary is available in Chinese ‐ see Supporting information.</abstract><note type="additional physical form">Summary in Chinese.Supporting Information Item S1: Repartition of the RESPE‐associated veterinarians in a/2006, b/2007, c/2008, d/2009 and e/2010.Supporting Information Item S2: Reporting protocol/acute respiratory syndrome (ARS).Supporting Information Item S3: Sample submission form.Supporting Information Item S4: Equine and canine influenza A virus M gene sequences aligned for the RRT‐PCR primers and probe design.Supporting Information Item S5: Premises detected by real‐time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction from November 2005 to October 2010 and phylogenetic characterisation of the viruses detected. Premises managed by RESPE are in grey.Supporting Information Item S6: Breeds of RESPE horse population infected by equine influenza virus from November 2005 to October 2010.Supporting Information Item S7: Location of associated premises during the Grosbois outbreak in 2009.</note><note type="funding">‘Conseil General du Calvados’ (County Council)</note><subject><genre>keywords</genre><topic>horse</topic><topic>equine influenza</topic><topic>outbreak</topic><topic>surveillance network</topic><topic>epidemio‐surveillance</topic><topic>phylogenetic analysis</topic></subject><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Equine Veterinary Journal</title></titleInfo><titleInfo type="abbreviated"><title>Equine Vet J</title></titleInfo><genre type="journal" authority="ISTEX" authorityURI="https://publication-type.data.istex.fr" valueURI="https://publication-type.data.istex.fr/ark:/67375/JMC-0GLKJH51-B">journal</genre><subject><genre>article-category</genre><topic>Special focus on equine influenza</topic><topic>ANALYTICAL CLINICAL STUDY</topic><topic>ANALYTICAL CLINICAL STUDY</topic></subject><identifier type="ISSN">0425-1644</identifier><identifier type="eISSN">2042-3306</identifier><identifier type="DOI">10.1001/(ISSN)2042-3306</identifier><identifier type="PublisherID">EVJ</identifier><part><date>2013</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>45</number></detail><detail type="issue"><caption>no.</caption><number>6</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>776</start><end>783</end><total>8</total></extent></part></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="evj12100-cit-0001"><titleInfo><title>Equine influenza</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">P.J.</namePart><namePart type="family">Timoney</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">Timoney, P.J. 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Microbiol.</title></titleInfo><part><date>2011</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>147</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>19</start><end>27</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><identifier type="istex">C8697BE4760DF8C74EF629D0FA7FD8A16EEC069C</identifier><identifier type="ark">ark:/67375/WNG-RDZX9Q2X-C</identifier><identifier type="DOI">10.1111/evj.12100</identifier><identifier type="ArticleID">EVJ12100</identifier><accessCondition type="use and reproduction" contentType="copyright">© 2013 EVJ Ltd© 2013 EVJ Ltd</accessCondition><recordInfo><recordContentSource authority="ISTEX" authorityURI="https://loaded-corpus.data.istex.fr" valueURI="https://loaded-corpus.data.istex.fr/ark:/67375/XBH-L0C46X92-X">wiley</recordContentSource><recordOrigin>Converted from (version ) to MODS version 3.6.</recordOrigin><recordCreationDate encoding="w3cdtf">2019-11-14</recordCreationDate></recordInfo></mods><json:item><extension>json</extension><original>false</original><mimetype>application/json</mimetype><uri>https://api.istex.fr/ark:/67375/WNG-RDZX9Q2X-C/record.json</uri></json:item></metadata><serie></serie></istex></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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