Analysis of the Influenza Virus Gene Pool of Avian Species from Southern China
Identifieur interne : 000117 ( Istex/Corpus ); précédent : 000116; suivant : 000118Analysis of the Influenza Virus Gene Pool of Avian Species from Southern China
Auteurs : Y. P. Lin ; L. L. Shu ; S. Wright ; W. J. Bean ; G. B. Sharp ; K. F. Shortridge ; R. G. WebsterSource :
- Virology [ 0042-6822 ] ; 1994.
Abstract
Abstract: Although Southern China has been considered the epicenter of human influenza pandemics, little is known about the genetic composition of influenza viruses in lower mammals or birds in that region. To provide information on the molecular epidemiology of these viruses, we used dot blot hybridization and phylogenetic methods to study the internal genes (PB1, PB2, PA, NP, M, and NS) of 106 avian influenza A viruses isolated from a total of 11,798 domestic ducks, chickens, and geese raised in Southern China including Hang Kong. All 636 genes examined were characteristic of avian influenza viruses; no human or swine influenza genes were detected. Thus, influenza virus reassortants do not appear to be maintained in the domesticated birds of Southeast Asia, eliminating opportunities for further gene reassortment. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the internal genes of these viruses belong to the Eurasian avian lineage, supporting geographical separation of the major avian lineages. The PB1 genes were most similar to A/Singapore/57 (H2N2) and Hong Kong (H3N2) viral genes, supporting an avian origin for the recent human H2N2 and H3N2 pandemic strains. The majority of internal genes from avian influenza viruses in Southern China belong to the Eurasian lineage and are similar to viruses that have recently been transmitted to humans, swine, and horses. This study provides evidence that the transmission of avian influenza viruses and their genes to other species is unidirectional and that the transmission of mammalian influenza virus strains to domestic poultry is probably not a factor in the generation of new pandemic strains.
Url:
DOI: 10.1006/viro.1994.1067
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Box 318, Memphis, Tennessee 38101; Department of Microbiology, University of Hong Kong, Pathology Building, Queen Mary Hospital Compound, Hong Kong; Scientific Review Program NIAID-NIH, Solar Building, Room 4C04, 6003 Executive Boulevard, Bethesda, Maryland 20892; Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, The University of Tennessee, Memphis, 877 Madison Avenue (Suite 330), Memphis, Tennessee 38163; and Department of Pathology, The University of Tennessee, Memphis, 800 North Madison Avenue, Memphis, Tennessee 38163</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Shu, L L" sort="Shu, L L" uniqKey="Shu L" first="L. L." last="Shu">L. L. Shu</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Virology/Molecular Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 332 North Lauderdale, P.O. 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P." last="Lin">Y. P. Lin</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Virology/Molecular Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 332 North Lauderdale, P.O. Box 318, Memphis, Tennessee 38101; Department of Microbiology, University of Hong Kong, Pathology Building, Queen Mary Hospital Compound, Hong Kong; Scientific Review Program NIAID-NIH, Solar Building, Room 4C04, 6003 Executive Boulevard, Bethesda, Maryland 20892; Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, The University of Tennessee, Memphis, 877 Madison Avenue (Suite 330), Memphis, Tennessee 38163; and Department of Pathology, The University of Tennessee, Memphis, 800 North Madison Avenue, Memphis, Tennessee 38163</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Shu, L L" sort="Shu, L L" uniqKey="Shu L" first="L. L." last="Shu">L. L. Shu</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Virology/Molecular Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 332 North Lauderdale, P.O. Box 318, Memphis, Tennessee 38101; Department of Microbiology, University of Hong Kong, Pathology Building, Queen Mary Hospital Compound, Hong Kong; Scientific Review Program NIAID-NIH, Solar Building, Room 4C04, 6003 Executive Boulevard, Bethesda, Maryland 20892; Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, The University of Tennessee, Memphis, 877 Madison Avenue (Suite 330), Memphis, Tennessee 38163; and Department of Pathology, The University of Tennessee, Memphis, 800 North Madison Avenue, Memphis, Tennessee 38163</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wright, S" sort="Wright, S" uniqKey="Wright S" first="S." last="Wright">S. Wright</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Virology/Molecular Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 332 North Lauderdale, P.O. Box 318, Memphis, Tennessee 38101; Department of Microbiology, University of Hong Kong, Pathology Building, Queen Mary Hospital Compound, Hong Kong; Scientific Review Program NIAID-NIH, Solar Building, Room 4C04, 6003 Executive Boulevard, Bethesda, Maryland 20892; Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, The University of Tennessee, Memphis, 877 Madison Avenue (Suite 330), Memphis, Tennessee 38163; and Department of Pathology, The University of Tennessee, Memphis, 800 North Madison Avenue, Memphis, Tennessee 38163</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bean, W J" sort="Bean, W J" uniqKey="Bean W" first="W. J." last="Bean">W. J. Bean</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Virology/Molecular Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 332 North Lauderdale, P.O. Box 318, Memphis, Tennessee 38101; Department of Microbiology, University of Hong Kong, Pathology Building, Queen Mary Hospital Compound, Hong Kong; Scientific Review Program NIAID-NIH, Solar Building, Room 4C04, 6003 Executive Boulevard, Bethesda, Maryland 20892; Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, The University of Tennessee, Memphis, 877 Madison Avenue (Suite 330), Memphis, Tennessee 38163; and Department of Pathology, The University of Tennessee, Memphis, 800 North Madison Avenue, Memphis, Tennessee 38163</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sharp, G B" sort="Sharp, G B" uniqKey="Sharp G" first="G. B." last="Sharp">G. B. Sharp</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Virology/Molecular Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 332 North Lauderdale, P.O. Box 318, Memphis, Tennessee 38101; Department of Microbiology, University of Hong Kong, Pathology Building, Queen Mary Hospital Compound, Hong Kong; Scientific Review Program NIAID-NIH, Solar Building, Room 4C04, 6003 Executive Boulevard, Bethesda, Maryland 20892; Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, The University of Tennessee, Memphis, 877 Madison Avenue (Suite 330), Memphis, Tennessee 38163; and Department of Pathology, The University of Tennessee, Memphis, 800 North Madison Avenue, Memphis, Tennessee 38163</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Shortridge, K F" sort="Shortridge, K F" uniqKey="Shortridge K" first="K. F." last="Shortridge">K. F. Shortridge</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Virology/Molecular Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 332 North Lauderdale, P.O. Box 318, Memphis, Tennessee 38101; Department of Microbiology, University of Hong Kong, Pathology Building, Queen Mary Hospital Compound, Hong Kong; Scientific Review Program NIAID-NIH, Solar Building, Room 4C04, 6003 Executive Boulevard, Bethesda, Maryland 20892; Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, The University of Tennessee, Memphis, 877 Madison Avenue (Suite 330), Memphis, Tennessee 38163; and Department of Pathology, The University of Tennessee, Memphis, 800 North Madison Avenue, Memphis, Tennessee 38163</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Webster, R G" sort="Webster, R G" uniqKey="Webster R" first="R. G." last="Webster">R. G. Webster</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Virology/Molecular Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 332 North Lauderdale, P.O. Box 318, Memphis, Tennessee 38101; Department of Microbiology, University of Hong Kong, Pathology Building, Queen Mary Hospital Compound, Hong Kong; Scientific Review Program NIAID-NIH, Solar Building, Room 4C04, 6003 Executive Boulevard, Bethesda, Maryland 20892; Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, The University of Tennessee, Memphis, 877 Madison Avenue (Suite 330), Memphis, Tennessee 38163; and Department of Pathology, The University of Tennessee, Memphis, 800 North Madison Avenue, Memphis, Tennessee 38163</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author></analytic><monogr></monogr><series><title level="j">Virology</title><title level="j" type="abbrev">YVIRO</title><idno type="ISSN">0042-6822</idno><imprint><publisher>ELSEVIER</publisher><date type="published" when="1994">1994</date><biblScope unit="volume">198</biblScope><biblScope unit="issue">2</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" from="557">557</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" to="566">566</biblScope></imprint><idno type="ISSN">0042-6822</idno></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc><seriesStmt><idno type="ISSN">0042-6822</idno></seriesStmt></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass><langUsage><language ident="en">en</language></langUsage></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">Abstract: Although Southern China has been considered the epicenter of human influenza pandemics, little is known about the genetic composition of influenza viruses in lower mammals or birds in that region. To provide information on the molecular epidemiology of these viruses, we used dot blot hybridization and phylogenetic methods to study the internal genes (PB1, PB2, PA, NP, M, and NS) of 106 avian influenza A viruses isolated from a total of 11,798 domestic ducks, chickens, and geese raised in Southern China including Hang Kong. All 636 genes examined were characteristic of avian influenza viruses; no human or swine influenza genes were detected. Thus, influenza virus reassortants do not appear to be maintained in the domesticated birds of Southeast Asia, eliminating opportunities for further gene reassortment. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the internal genes of these viruses belong to the Eurasian avian lineage, supporting geographical separation of the major avian lineages. The PB1 genes were most similar to A/Singapore/57 (H2N2) and Hong Kong (H3N2) viral genes, supporting an avian origin for the recent human H2N2 and H3N2 pandemic strains. The majority of internal genes from avian influenza viruses in Southern China belong to the Eurasian lineage and are similar to viruses that have recently been transmitted to humans, swine, and horses. This study provides evidence that the transmission of avian influenza viruses and their genes to other species is unidirectional and that the transmission of mammalian influenza virus strains to domestic poultry is probably not a factor in the generation of new pandemic strains.</div></front></TEI><istex><corpusName>elsevier</corpusName><author><json:item><name>Y.P. Lin</name><affiliations><json:string>Department of Virology/Molecular Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 332 North Lauderdale, P.O. Box 318, Memphis, Tennessee 38101; Department of Microbiology, University of Hong Kong, Pathology Building, Queen Mary Hospital Compound, Hong Kong; Scientific Review Program NIAID-NIH, Solar Building, Room 4C04, 6003 Executive Boulevard, Bethesda, Maryland 20892; Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, The University of Tennessee, Memphis, 877 Madison Avenue (Suite 330), Memphis, Tennessee 38163; and Department of Pathology, The University of Tennessee, Memphis, 800 North Madison Avenue, Memphis, Tennessee 38163</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>L.L. Shu</name><affiliations><json:string>Department of Virology/Molecular Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 332 North Lauderdale, P.O. Box 318, Memphis, Tennessee 38101; Department of Microbiology, University of Hong Kong, Pathology Building, Queen Mary Hospital Compound, Hong Kong; Scientific Review Program NIAID-NIH, Solar Building, Room 4C04, 6003 Executive Boulevard, Bethesda, Maryland 20892; Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, The University of Tennessee, Memphis, 877 Madison Avenue (Suite 330), Memphis, Tennessee 38163; and Department of Pathology, The University of Tennessee, Memphis, 800 North Madison Avenue, Memphis, Tennessee 38163</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>S. Wright</name><affiliations><json:string>Department of Virology/Molecular Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 332 North Lauderdale, P.O. Box 318, Memphis, Tennessee 38101; Department of Microbiology, University of Hong Kong, Pathology Building, Queen Mary Hospital Compound, Hong Kong; Scientific Review Program NIAID-NIH, Solar Building, Room 4C04, 6003 Executive Boulevard, Bethesda, Maryland 20892; Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, The University of Tennessee, Memphis, 877 Madison Avenue (Suite 330), Memphis, Tennessee 38163; and Department of Pathology, The University of Tennessee, Memphis, 800 North Madison Avenue, Memphis, Tennessee 38163</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>W.J. Bean</name><affiliations><json:string>Department of Virology/Molecular Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 332 North Lauderdale, P.O. Box 318, Memphis, Tennessee 38101; Department of Microbiology, University of Hong Kong, Pathology Building, Queen Mary Hospital Compound, Hong Kong; Scientific Review Program NIAID-NIH, Solar Building, Room 4C04, 6003 Executive Boulevard, Bethesda, Maryland 20892; Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, The University of Tennessee, Memphis, 877 Madison Avenue (Suite 330), Memphis, Tennessee 38163; and Department of Pathology, The University of Tennessee, Memphis, 800 North Madison Avenue, Memphis, Tennessee 38163</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>G.B. Sharp</name><affiliations><json:string>Department of Virology/Molecular Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 332 North Lauderdale, P.O. Box 318, Memphis, Tennessee 38101; Department of Microbiology, University of Hong Kong, Pathology Building, Queen Mary Hospital Compound, Hong Kong; Scientific Review Program NIAID-NIH, Solar Building, Room 4C04, 6003 Executive Boulevard, Bethesda, Maryland 20892; Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, The University of Tennessee, Memphis, 877 Madison Avenue (Suite 330), Memphis, Tennessee 38163; and Department of Pathology, The University of Tennessee, Memphis, 800 North Madison Avenue, Memphis, Tennessee 38163</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>K.F. Shortridge</name><affiliations><json:string>Department of Virology/Molecular Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 332 North Lauderdale, P.O. Box 318, Memphis, Tennessee 38101; Department of Microbiology, University of Hong Kong, Pathology Building, Queen Mary Hospital Compound, Hong Kong; Scientific Review Program NIAID-NIH, Solar Building, Room 4C04, 6003 Executive Boulevard, Bethesda, Maryland 20892; Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, The University of Tennessee, Memphis, 877 Madison Avenue (Suite 330), Memphis, Tennessee 38163; and Department of Pathology, The University of Tennessee, Memphis, 800 North Madison Avenue, Memphis, Tennessee 38163</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>R.G. Webster</name><affiliations><json:string>Department of Virology/Molecular Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 332 North Lauderdale, P.O. Box 318, Memphis, Tennessee 38101; Department of Microbiology, University of Hong Kong, Pathology Building, Queen Mary Hospital Compound, Hong Kong; Scientific Review Program NIAID-NIH, Solar Building, Room 4C04, 6003 Executive Boulevard, Bethesda, Maryland 20892; Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, The University of Tennessee, Memphis, 877 Madison Avenue (Suite 330), Memphis, Tennessee 38163; and Department of Pathology, The University of Tennessee, Memphis, 800 North Madison Avenue, Memphis, Tennessee 38163</json:string></affiliations></json:item></author><arkIstex>ark:/67375/6H6-WCGMQWRX-3</arkIstex><language><json:string>eng</json:string></language><originalGenre><json:string>Full-length article</json:string></originalGenre><abstract>Abstract: Although Southern China has been considered the epicenter of human influenza pandemics, little is known about the genetic composition of influenza viruses in lower mammals or birds in that region. To provide information on the molecular epidemiology of these viruses, we used dot blot hybridization and phylogenetic methods to study the internal genes (PB1, PB2, PA, NP, M, and NS) of 106 avian influenza A viruses isolated from a total of 11,798 domestic ducks, chickens, and geese raised in Southern China including Hang Kong. All 636 genes examined were characteristic of avian influenza viruses; no human or swine influenza genes were detected. Thus, influenza virus reassortants do not appear to be maintained in the domesticated birds of Southeast Asia, eliminating opportunities for further gene reassortment. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the internal genes of these viruses belong to the Eurasian avian lineage, supporting geographical separation of the major avian lineages. The PB1 genes were most similar to A/Singapore/57 (H2N2) and Hong Kong (H3N2) viral genes, supporting an avian origin for the recent human H2N2 and H3N2 pandemic strains. The majority of internal genes from avian influenza viruses in Southern China belong to the Eurasian lineage and are similar to viruses that have recently been transmitted to humans, swine, and horses. This study provides evidence that the transmission of avian influenza viruses and their genes to other species is unidirectional and that the transmission of mammalian influenza virus strains to domestic poultry is probably not a factor in the generation of new pandemic strains.</abstract><qualityIndicators><score>5.05</score><pdfWordCount>0</pdfWordCount><pdfCharCount>0</pdfCharCount><pdfVersion>1.2</pdfVersion><pdfPageCount>10</pdfPageCount><pdfPageSize>540 x 731 pts</pdfPageSize><refBibsNative>false</refBibsNative><abstractWordCount>253</abstractWordCount><abstractCharCount>1651</abstractCharCount><keywordCount>0</keywordCount></qualityIndicators><title>Analysis of the Influenza Virus Gene Pool of Avian Species from Southern China</title><pmid><json:string>8291238</json:string></pmid><pii><json:string>S0042-6822(84)71067-1</json:string></pii><genre><json:string>research-article</json:string></genre><host><title>Virology</title><language><json:string>unknown</json:string></language><publicationDate>1994</publicationDate><issn><json:string>0042-6822</json:string></issn><pii><json:string>S0042-6822(00)X0172-9</json:string></pii><volume>198</volume><issue>2</issue><pages><first>557</first><last>566</last></pages><genre><json:string>journal</json:string></genre></host><namedEntities><unitex><date></date><geogName></geogName><orgName></orgName><orgName_funder></orgName_funder><orgName_provider></orgName_provider><persName></persName><placeName></placeName><ref_url></ref_url><ref_bibl></ref_bibl><bibl></bibl></unitex></namedEntities><ark><json:string>ark:/67375/6H6-WCGMQWRX-3</json:string></ark><categories><wos><json:string>1 - science</json:string><json:string>2 - virology</json:string></wos><scienceMetrix><json:string>1 - health sciences</json:string><json:string>2 - biomedical research</json:string><json:string>3 - virology</json:string></scienceMetrix><scopus><json:string>1 - Life Sciences</json:string><json:string>2 - Immunology and Microbiology</json:string><json:string>3 - Virology</json:string></scopus><inist><json:string>1 - sciences appliquees, technologies et medecines</json:string><json:string>2 - sciences biologiques et medicales</json:string><json:string>3 - sciences biologiques fondamentales et appliquees. psychologie</json:string><json:string>4 - microbiologie</json:string></inist></categories><publicationDate>1994</publicationDate><copyrightDate>1994</copyrightDate><doi><json:string>10.1006/viro.1994.1067</json:string></doi><id>BAC24906CBE9D6A9C325E8C4A3A0304C5A66593E</id><score>1</score><fulltext><json:item><extension>pdf</extension><original>true</original><mimetype>application/pdf</mimetype><uri>https://api.istex.fr/ark:/67375/6H6-WCGMQWRX-3/fulltext.pdf</uri></json:item><json:item><extension>ocr</extension><original>false</original><mimetype>text/ocr</mimetype><quality><totalToken>7889</totalToken><correct>7004</correct><rate>80.9280796329598</rate><misspelled>884</misspelled></quality><langDetect><reliable>true</reliable><languages><json:item><score>911</score><code>en</code><name>ENGLISH</name><percent>99</percent></json:item></languages></langDetect><uri>https://api.istex.fr/ark:/67375/6H6-WCGMQWRX-3/fulltext.ocr</uri></json:item><json:item><extension>zip</extension><original>false</original><mimetype>application/zip</mimetype><uri>https://api.istex.fr/ark:/67375/6H6-WCGMQWRX-3/bundle.zip</uri></json:item><istex:fulltextTEI uri="https://api.istex.fr/ark:/67375/6H6-WCGMQWRX-3/fulltext.tei"><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title level="a" type="main" xml:lang="en">Analysis of the Influenza Virus Gene Pool of Avian Species from Southern China</title></titleStmt><publicationStmt><authority>ISTEX</authority><publisher scheme="https://scientific-publisher.data.istex.fr">ELSEVIER</publisher><availability><licence><p>©1994 Academic Press</p></licence><p scheme="https://loaded-corpus.data.istex.fr/ark:/67375/XBH-HKKZVM7B-M">elsevier</p></availability><date>1994</date></publicationStmt><notesStmt><note type="research-article" scheme="https://content-type.data.istex.fr/ark:/67375/XTP-1JC4F85T-7">research-article</note><note type="journal" scheme="https://publication-type.data.istex.fr/ark:/67375/JMC-0GLKJH51-B">journal</note><note type="content">Section title: Regular Article</note></notesStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct type="inbook"><analytic><title level="a" type="main" xml:lang="en">Analysis of the Influenza Virus Gene Pool of Avian Species from Southern China</title><author xml:id="author-0000"><persName><forename type="first">Y.P.</forename><surname>Lin</surname></persName><affiliation>Department of Virology/Molecular Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 332 North Lauderdale, P.O. Box 318, Memphis, Tennessee 38101; Department of Microbiology, University of Hong Kong, Pathology Building, Queen Mary Hospital Compound, Hong Kong; Scientific Review Program NIAID-NIH, Solar Building, Room 4C04, 6003 Executive Boulevard, Bethesda, Maryland 20892; Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, The University of Tennessee, Memphis, 877 Madison Avenue (Suite 330), Memphis, Tennessee 38163; and Department of Pathology, The University of Tennessee, Memphis, 800 North Madison Avenue, Memphis, Tennessee 38163</affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-0001"><persName><forename type="first">L.L.</forename><surname>Shu</surname></persName><affiliation>Department of Virology/Molecular Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 332 North Lauderdale, P.O. Box 318, Memphis, Tennessee 38101; Department of Microbiology, University of Hong Kong, Pathology Building, Queen Mary Hospital Compound, Hong Kong; Scientific Review Program NIAID-NIH, Solar Building, Room 4C04, 6003 Executive Boulevard, Bethesda, Maryland 20892; Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, The University of Tennessee, Memphis, 877 Madison Avenue (Suite 330), Memphis, Tennessee 38163; and Department of Pathology, The University of Tennessee, Memphis, 800 North Madison Avenue, Memphis, Tennessee 38163</affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-0002"><persName><forename type="first">S.</forename><surname>Wright</surname></persName><affiliation>Department of Virology/Molecular Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 332 North Lauderdale, P.O. Box 318, Memphis, Tennessee 38101; Department of Microbiology, University of Hong Kong, Pathology Building, Queen Mary Hospital Compound, Hong Kong; Scientific Review Program NIAID-NIH, Solar Building, Room 4C04, 6003 Executive Boulevard, Bethesda, Maryland 20892; Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, The University of Tennessee, Memphis, 877 Madison Avenue (Suite 330), Memphis, Tennessee 38163; and Department of Pathology, The University of Tennessee, Memphis, 800 North Madison Avenue, Memphis, Tennessee 38163</affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-0003"><persName><forename type="first">W.J.</forename><surname>Bean</surname></persName><affiliation>Department of Virology/Molecular Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 332 North Lauderdale, P.O. Box 318, Memphis, Tennessee 38101; Department of Microbiology, University of Hong Kong, Pathology Building, Queen Mary Hospital Compound, Hong Kong; Scientific Review Program NIAID-NIH, Solar Building, Room 4C04, 6003 Executive Boulevard, Bethesda, Maryland 20892; Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, The University of Tennessee, Memphis, 877 Madison Avenue (Suite 330), Memphis, Tennessee 38163; and Department of Pathology, The University of Tennessee, Memphis, 800 North Madison Avenue, Memphis, Tennessee 38163</affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-0004"><persName><forename type="first">G.B.</forename><surname>Sharp</surname></persName><affiliation>Department of Virology/Molecular Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 332 North Lauderdale, P.O. Box 318, Memphis, Tennessee 38101; Department of Microbiology, University of Hong Kong, Pathology Building, Queen Mary Hospital Compound, Hong Kong; Scientific Review Program NIAID-NIH, Solar Building, Room 4C04, 6003 Executive Boulevard, Bethesda, Maryland 20892; Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, The University of Tennessee, Memphis, 877 Madison Avenue (Suite 330), Memphis, Tennessee 38163; and Department of Pathology, The University of Tennessee, Memphis, 800 North Madison Avenue, Memphis, Tennessee 38163</affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-0005"><persName><forename type="first">K.F.</forename><surname>Shortridge</surname></persName><affiliation>Department of Virology/Molecular Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 332 North Lauderdale, P.O. Box 318, Memphis, Tennessee 38101; Department of Microbiology, University of Hong Kong, Pathology Building, Queen Mary Hospital Compound, Hong Kong; Scientific Review Program NIAID-NIH, Solar Building, Room 4C04, 6003 Executive Boulevard, Bethesda, Maryland 20892; Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, The University of Tennessee, Memphis, 877 Madison Avenue (Suite 330), Memphis, Tennessee 38163; and Department of Pathology, The University of Tennessee, Memphis, 800 North Madison Avenue, Memphis, Tennessee 38163</affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-0006"><persName><forename type="first">R.G.</forename><surname>Webster</surname></persName><affiliation>Department of Virology/Molecular Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 332 North Lauderdale, P.O. Box 318, Memphis, Tennessee 38101; Department of Microbiology, University of Hong Kong, Pathology Building, Queen Mary Hospital Compound, Hong Kong; Scientific Review Program NIAID-NIH, Solar Building, Room 4C04, 6003 Executive Boulevard, Bethesda, Maryland 20892; Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, The University of Tennessee, Memphis, 877 Madison Avenue (Suite 330), Memphis, Tennessee 38163; and Department of Pathology, The University of Tennessee, Memphis, 800 North Madison Avenue, Memphis, Tennessee 38163</affiliation></author><idno type="istex">BAC24906CBE9D6A9C325E8C4A3A0304C5A66593E</idno><idno type="ark">ark:/67375/6H6-WCGMQWRX-3</idno><idno type="DOI">10.1006/viro.1994.1067</idno><idno type="PII">S0042-6822(84)71067-1</idno></analytic><monogr><title level="j">Virology</title><title level="j" type="abbrev">YVIRO</title><idno type="pISSN">0042-6822</idno><idno type="PII">S0042-6822(00)X0172-9</idno><imprint><publisher>ELSEVIER</publisher><date type="published" when="1994"></date><biblScope unit="volume">198</biblScope><biblScope unit="issue">2</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" from="557">557</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" to="566">566</biblScope></imprint></monogr></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><creation><date>1994</date></creation><langUsage><language ident="en">en</language></langUsage><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Abstract: Although Southern China has been considered the epicenter of human influenza pandemics, little is known about the genetic composition of influenza viruses in lower mammals or birds in that region. To provide information on the molecular epidemiology of these viruses, we used dot blot hybridization and phylogenetic methods to study the internal genes (PB1, PB2, PA, NP, M, and NS) of 106 avian influenza A viruses isolated from a total of 11,798 domestic ducks, chickens, and geese raised in Southern China including Hang Kong. All 636 genes examined were characteristic of avian influenza viruses; no human or swine influenza genes were detected. Thus, influenza virus reassortants do not appear to be maintained in the domesticated birds of Southeast Asia, eliminating opportunities for further gene reassortment. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the internal genes of these viruses belong to the Eurasian avian lineage, supporting geographical separation of the major avian lineages. The PB1 genes were most similar to A/Singapore/57 (H2N2) and Hong Kong (H3N2) viral genes, supporting an avian origin for the recent human H2N2 and H3N2 pandemic strains. The majority of internal genes from avian influenza viruses in Southern China belong to the Eurasian lineage and are similar to viruses that have recently been transmitted to humans, swine, and horses. This study provides evidence that the transmission of avian influenza viruses and their genes to other species is unidirectional and that the transmission of mammalian influenza virus strains to domestic poultry is probably not a factor in the generation of new pandemic strains.</p></abstract></profileDesc><revisionDesc><change when="1994">Published</change></revisionDesc></teiHeader></istex:fulltextTEI><json:item><extension>txt</extension><original>false</original><mimetype>text/plain</mimetype><uri>https://api.istex.fr/ark:/67375/6H6-WCGMQWRX-3/fulltext.txt</uri></json:item></fulltext><metadata><istex:metadataXml wicri:clean="Elsevier converted-article found"><istex:xmlDeclaration>version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"</istex:xmlDeclaration><istex:docType PUBLIC="-//ES//DTD journal article DTD version 4.5.2//EN//XML" URI="art452.dtd" name="istex:docType"></istex:docType><istex:document><converted-article version="4.5.2" docsubtype="fla" xml:lang="en"><item-info><jid>YVIRO</jid><aid>71067</aid><ce:pii>S0042-6822(84)71067-1</ce:pii><ce:doi>10.1006/viro.1994.1067</ce:doi><ce:copyright type="full-transfer" year="1994">Academic Press</ce:copyright></item-info><head><ce:dochead><ce:textfn>Regular Article</ce:textfn></ce:dochead><ce:title>Analysis of the Influenza Virus Gene Pool of Avian Species from Southern China</ce:title><ce:author-group><ce:author><ce:given-name>Y.P.</ce:given-name><ce:surname>Lin</ce:surname></ce:author><ce:author><ce:given-name>L.L.</ce:given-name><ce:surname>Shu</ce:surname></ce:author><ce:author><ce:given-name>S.</ce:given-name><ce:surname>Wright</ce:surname></ce:author><ce:author><ce:given-name>W.J.</ce:given-name><ce:surname>Bean</ce:surname></ce:author><ce:author><ce:given-name>G.B.</ce:given-name><ce:surname>Sharp</ce:surname></ce:author><ce:author><ce:given-name>K.F.</ce:given-name><ce:surname>Shortridge</ce:surname></ce:author><ce:author><ce:given-name>R.G.</ce:given-name><ce:surname>Webster</ce:surname></ce:author><ce:affiliation><ce:textfn>Department of Virology/Molecular Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 332 North Lauderdale, P.O. Box 318, Memphis, Tennessee 38101; Department of Microbiology, University of Hong Kong, Pathology Building, Queen Mary Hospital Compound, Hong Kong; Scientific Review Program NIAID-NIH, Solar Building, Room 4C04, 6003 Executive Boulevard, Bethesda, Maryland 20892; Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, The University of Tennessee, Memphis, 877 Madison Avenue (Suite 330), Memphis, Tennessee 38163; and Department of Pathology, The University of Tennessee, Memphis, 800 North Madison Avenue, Memphis, Tennessee 38163</ce:textfn></ce:affiliation></ce:author-group><ce:abstract><ce:section-title>Abstract</ce:section-title><ce:abstract-sec><ce:simple-para>Although Southern China has been considered the epicenter of human influenza pandemics, little is known about the genetic composition of influenza viruses in lower mammals or birds in that region. To provide information on the molecular epidemiology of these viruses, we used dot blot hybridization and phylogenetic methods to study the internal genes (PB1, PB2, PA, NP, M, and NS) of 106 avian influenza A viruses isolated from a total of 11,798 domestic ducks, chickens, and geese raised in Southern China including Hang Kong. All 636 genes examined were characteristic of avian influenza viruses; no human or swine influenza genes were detected. Thus, influenza virus reassortants do not appear to be maintained in the domesticated birds of Southeast Asia, eliminating opportunities for further gene reassortment. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the internal genes of these viruses belong to the Eurasian avian lineage, supporting geographical separation of the major avian lineages. The PB1 genes were most similar to A/Singapore/57 (H2N2) and Hong Kong (H3N2) viral genes, supporting an avian origin for the recent human H2N2 and H3N2 pandemic strains. The majority of internal genes from avian influenza viruses in Southern China belong to the Eurasian lineage and are similar to viruses that have recently been transmitted to humans, swine, and horses. This study provides evidence that the transmission of avian influenza viruses and their genes to other species is unidirectional and that the transmission of mammalian influenza virus strains to domestic poultry is probably not a factor in the generation of new pandemic strains.</ce:simple-para></ce:abstract-sec></ce:abstract></head></converted-article></istex:document></istex:metadataXml><mods version="3.6"><titleInfo lang="en"><title>Analysis of the Influenza Virus Gene Pool of Avian Species from Southern China</title></titleInfo><titleInfo type="alternative" lang="en" contentType="CDATA"><title>Analysis of the Influenza Virus Gene Pool of Avian Species from Southern China</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Y.P.</namePart><namePart type="family">Lin</namePart><affiliation>Department of Virology/Molecular Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 332 North Lauderdale, P.O. Box 318, Memphis, Tennessee 38101; Department of Microbiology, University of Hong Kong, Pathology Building, Queen Mary Hospital Compound, Hong Kong; Scientific Review Program NIAID-NIH, Solar Building, Room 4C04, 6003 Executive Boulevard, Bethesda, Maryland 20892; Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, The University of Tennessee, Memphis, 877 Madison Avenue (Suite 330), Memphis, Tennessee 38163; and Department of Pathology, The University of Tennessee, Memphis, 800 North Madison Avenue, Memphis, Tennessee 38163</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">L.L.</namePart><namePart type="family">Shu</namePart><affiliation>Department of Virology/Molecular Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 332 North Lauderdale, P.O. Box 318, Memphis, Tennessee 38101; Department of Microbiology, University of Hong Kong, Pathology Building, Queen Mary Hospital Compound, Hong Kong; Scientific Review Program NIAID-NIH, Solar Building, Room 4C04, 6003 Executive Boulevard, Bethesda, Maryland 20892; Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, The University of Tennessee, Memphis, 877 Madison Avenue (Suite 330), Memphis, Tennessee 38163; and Department of Pathology, The University of Tennessee, Memphis, 800 North Madison Avenue, Memphis, Tennessee 38163</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">S.</namePart><namePart type="family">Wright</namePart><affiliation>Department of Virology/Molecular Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 332 North Lauderdale, P.O. Box 318, Memphis, Tennessee 38101; Department of Microbiology, University of Hong Kong, Pathology Building, Queen Mary Hospital Compound, Hong Kong; Scientific Review Program NIAID-NIH, Solar Building, Room 4C04, 6003 Executive Boulevard, Bethesda, Maryland 20892; Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, The University of Tennessee, Memphis, 877 Madison Avenue (Suite 330), Memphis, Tennessee 38163; and Department of Pathology, The University of Tennessee, Memphis, 800 North Madison Avenue, Memphis, Tennessee 38163</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">W.J.</namePart><namePart type="family">Bean</namePart><affiliation>Department of Virology/Molecular Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 332 North Lauderdale, P.O. Box 318, Memphis, Tennessee 38101; Department of Microbiology, University of Hong Kong, Pathology Building, Queen Mary Hospital Compound, Hong Kong; Scientific Review Program NIAID-NIH, Solar Building, Room 4C04, 6003 Executive Boulevard, Bethesda, Maryland 20892; Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, The University of Tennessee, Memphis, 877 Madison Avenue (Suite 330), Memphis, Tennessee 38163; and Department of Pathology, The University of Tennessee, Memphis, 800 North Madison Avenue, Memphis, Tennessee 38163</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">G.B.</namePart><namePart type="family">Sharp</namePart><affiliation>Department of Virology/Molecular Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 332 North Lauderdale, P.O. Box 318, Memphis, Tennessee 38101; Department of Microbiology, University of Hong Kong, Pathology Building, Queen Mary Hospital Compound, Hong Kong; Scientific Review Program NIAID-NIH, Solar Building, Room 4C04, 6003 Executive Boulevard, Bethesda, Maryland 20892; Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, The University of Tennessee, Memphis, 877 Madison Avenue (Suite 330), Memphis, Tennessee 38163; and Department of Pathology, The University of Tennessee, Memphis, 800 North Madison Avenue, Memphis, Tennessee 38163</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">K.F.</namePart><namePart type="family">Shortridge</namePart><affiliation>Department of Virology/Molecular Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 332 North Lauderdale, P.O. Box 318, Memphis, Tennessee 38101; Department of Microbiology, University of Hong Kong, Pathology Building, Queen Mary Hospital Compound, Hong Kong; Scientific Review Program NIAID-NIH, Solar Building, Room 4C04, 6003 Executive Boulevard, Bethesda, Maryland 20892; Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, The University of Tennessee, Memphis, 877 Madison Avenue (Suite 330), Memphis, Tennessee 38163; and Department of Pathology, The University of Tennessee, Memphis, 800 North Madison Avenue, Memphis, Tennessee 38163</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">R.G.</namePart><namePart type="family">Webster</namePart><affiliation>Department of Virology/Molecular Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 332 North Lauderdale, P.O. Box 318, Memphis, Tennessee 38101; Department of Microbiology, University of Hong Kong, Pathology Building, Queen Mary Hospital Compound, Hong Kong; Scientific Review Program NIAID-NIH, Solar Building, Room 4C04, 6003 Executive Boulevard, Bethesda, Maryland 20892; Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, The University of Tennessee, Memphis, 877 Madison Avenue (Suite 330), Memphis, Tennessee 38163; and Department of Pathology, The University of Tennessee, Memphis, 800 North Madison Avenue, Memphis, Tennessee 38163</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><typeOfResource>text</typeOfResource><genre type="research-article" displayLabel="Full-length article" authority="ISTEX" authorityURI="https://content-type.data.istex.fr" valueURI="https://content-type.data.istex.fr/ark:/67375/XTP-1JC4F85T-7">research-article</genre><originInfo><publisher>ELSEVIER</publisher><dateIssued encoding="w3cdtf">1994</dateIssued><copyrightDate encoding="w3cdtf">1994</copyrightDate></originInfo><language><languageTerm type="code" authority="iso639-2b">eng</languageTerm><languageTerm type="code" authority="rfc3066">en</languageTerm></language><abstract lang="en">Abstract: Although Southern China has been considered the epicenter of human influenza pandemics, little is known about the genetic composition of influenza viruses in lower mammals or birds in that region. To provide information on the molecular epidemiology of these viruses, we used dot blot hybridization and phylogenetic methods to study the internal genes (PB1, PB2, PA, NP, M, and NS) of 106 avian influenza A viruses isolated from a total of 11,798 domestic ducks, chickens, and geese raised in Southern China including Hang Kong. All 636 genes examined were characteristic of avian influenza viruses; no human or swine influenza genes were detected. Thus, influenza virus reassortants do not appear to be maintained in the domesticated birds of Southeast Asia, eliminating opportunities for further gene reassortment. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the internal genes of these viruses belong to the Eurasian avian lineage, supporting geographical separation of the major avian lineages. The PB1 genes were most similar to A/Singapore/57 (H2N2) and Hong Kong (H3N2) viral genes, supporting an avian origin for the recent human H2N2 and H3N2 pandemic strains. The majority of internal genes from avian influenza viruses in Southern China belong to the Eurasian lineage and are similar to viruses that have recently been transmitted to humans, swine, and horses. This study provides evidence that the transmission of avian influenza viruses and their genes to other species is unidirectional and that the transmission of mammalian influenza virus strains to domestic poultry is probably not a factor in the generation of new pandemic strains.</abstract><note type="content">Section title: Regular Article</note><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Virology</title></titleInfo><titleInfo type="abbreviated"><title>YVIRO</title></titleInfo><genre type="journal" authority="ISTEX" authorityURI="https://publication-type.data.istex.fr" valueURI="https://publication-type.data.istex.fr/ark:/67375/JMC-0GLKJH51-B">journal</genre><originInfo><publisher>ELSEVIER</publisher><dateIssued encoding="w3cdtf">1994</dateIssued></originInfo><identifier type="ISSN">0042-6822</identifier><identifier type="PII">S0042-6822(00)X0172-9</identifier><part><date>1994</date><detail type="volume"><number>198</number><caption>vol.</caption></detail><detail type="issue"><number>2</number><caption>no.</caption></detail><extent unit="issue-pages"><start>415</start><end>756</end></extent><extent unit="pages"><start>557</start><end>566</end></extent></part></relatedItem><identifier type="istex">BAC24906CBE9D6A9C325E8C4A3A0304C5A66593E</identifier><identifier type="ark">ark:/67375/6H6-WCGMQWRX-3</identifier><identifier type="DOI">10.1006/viro.1994.1067</identifier><identifier type="PII">S0042-6822(84)71067-1</identifier><accessCondition type="use and reproduction" contentType="copyright">©1994 Academic Press</accessCondition><recordInfo><recordContentSource authority="ISTEX" authorityURI="https://loaded-corpus.data.istex.fr" valueURI="https://loaded-corpus.data.istex.fr/ark:/67375/XBH-HKKZVM7B-M">elsevier</recordContentSource><recordOrigin>Academic Press, ©1994</recordOrigin></recordInfo></mods><json:item><extension>json</extension><original>false</original><mimetype>application/json</mimetype><uri>https://api.istex.fr/ark:/67375/6H6-WCGMQWRX-3/record.json</uri></json:item></metadata><serie></serie></istex></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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