The impact of infection on population health: results of the Ontario burden of infectious diseases study.
Identifieur interne : 000422 ( Main/Exploration ); précédent : 000421; suivant : 000423The impact of infection on population health: results of the Ontario burden of infectious diseases study.
Auteurs : Jeffrey C. Kwong [Canada] ; Sujitha Ratnasingham ; Michael A. Campitelli ; Nick Daneman ; Shelley L. Deeks ; Douglas G. Manuel ; Vanessa G. Allen ; Ahmed M. Bayoumi ; Aamir Fazil ; David N. Fisman ; Andrea S. Gershon ; Effie Gournis ; E Jenny Heathcote ; Frances B. Jamieson ; Prabhat Jha ; Kamran M. Khan ; Shannon E. Majowicz ; Tony Mazzulli ; Allison J. Mcgeer ; Matthew P. Muller ; Abhishek Raut ; Elizabeth Rea ; Robert S. Remis ; Rita Shahin ; Alissa J. Wright ; Brandon Zagorski ; Natasha S. CrowcroftSource :
- PloS one [ 1932-6203 ] ; 2012.
Descripteurs français
- KwdFr :
- Analyse de survie (MeSH), Années de vie ajustées sur la qualité (MeSH), Cause de décès (tendances), Enregistrements (MeSH), Facteurs de risque (MeSH), Facteurs sexuels (MeSH), Facteurs socioéconomiques (MeSH), Femelle (MeSH), Humains (MeSH), Infections bactériennes (microbiologie), Infections bactériennes (mortalité), Infections bactériennes (épidémiologie), Maladies virales (mortalité), Maladies virales (virologie), Maladies virales (épidémiologie), Mâle (MeSH), Ontario (épidémiologie), Politique de santé (MeSH).
- MESH :
- microbiologie : Infections bactériennes.
- mortalité : Infections bactériennes, Maladies virales.
- tendances : Cause de décès.
- virologie : Maladies virales.
- épidémiologie : Infections bactériennes, Maladies virales, Ontario.
- Analyse de survie, Années de vie ajustées sur la qualité, Enregistrements, Facteurs de risque, Facteurs sexuels, Facteurs socioéconomiques, Femelle, Humains, Mâle, Politique de santé.
English descriptors
- KwdEn :
- Bacterial Infections (epidemiology), Bacterial Infections (microbiology), Bacterial Infections (mortality), Cause of Death (trends), Female (MeSH), Health Policy (MeSH), Humans (MeSH), Male (MeSH), Ontario (epidemiology), Quality-Adjusted Life Years (MeSH), Registries (MeSH), Risk Factors (MeSH), Sex Factors (MeSH), Socioeconomic Factors (MeSH), Survival Analysis (MeSH), Virus Diseases (epidemiology), Virus Diseases (mortality), Virus Diseases (virology).
- MESH :
- geographic , epidemiology : Ontario.
- epidemiology : Bacterial Infections, Virus Diseases.
- microbiology : Bacterial Infections.
- mortality : Bacterial Infections, Virus Diseases.
- trends : Cause of Death.
- virology : Virus Diseases.
- Female, Health Policy, Humans, Male, Quality-Adjusted Life Years, Registries, Risk Factors, Sex Factors, Socioeconomic Factors, Survival Analysis.
Abstract
BACKGROUND
Evidence-based priority setting is increasingly important for rationally distributing scarce health resources and for guiding future health research. We sought to quantify the contribution of a wide range of infectious diseases to the overall infectious disease burden in a high-income setting.
METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS
We used health-adjusted life years (HALYs), a composite measure comprising premature mortality and reduced functioning due to disease, to estimate the burden of 51 infectious diseases and associated syndromes in Ontario using 2005-2007 data. Deaths were estimated from vital statistics data and disease incidence was estimated from reportable disease, healthcare utilization, and cancer registry data, supplemented by local modeling studies and national and international epidemiologic studies. The 51 infectious agents and associated syndromes accounted for 729 lost HALYs, 44.2 deaths, and 58,987 incident cases per 100,000 population annually. The most burdensome infectious agents were: hepatitis C virus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, human papillomavirus, hepatitis B virus, human immunodeficiency virus, Staphylococcus aureus, influenza virus, Clostridium difficile, and rhinovirus. The top five, ten, and 20 pathogens accounted for 46%, 67%, and 75% of the total infectious disease burden, respectively. Marked sex-specific differences in disease burden were observed for some pathogens. The main limitations of this study were the exclusion of certain infectious diseases due to data availability issues, not considering the impact of co-infections and co-morbidity, and the inability to assess the burden of milder infections that do not result in healthcare utilization.
CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE
Infectious diseases continue to cause a substantial health burden in high-income settings such as Ontario. Most of this burden is attributable to a relatively small number of infectious agents, for which many effective interventions have been previously identified. Therefore, these findings should be used to guide public health policy, planning, and research.
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0044103
PubMed: 22962601
PubMed Central: PMC3433488
Affiliations:
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Kwong</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences, Toronto, Canada. jeff.kwong@utoronto.ca</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country><wicri:regionArea>Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences, Toronto</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Toronto</settlement><region type="state">Ontario</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ratnasingham, Sujitha" sort="Ratnasingham, Sujitha" uniqKey="Ratnasingham S" first="Sujitha" last="Ratnasingham">Sujitha Ratnasingham</name></author><author><name sortKey="Campitelli, Michael A" sort="Campitelli, Michael A" uniqKey="Campitelli M" first="Michael A" last="Campitelli">Michael A. Campitelli</name></author><author><name sortKey="Daneman, Nick" sort="Daneman, Nick" uniqKey="Daneman N" first="Nick" last="Daneman">Nick Daneman</name></author><author><name sortKey="Deeks, Shelley L" sort="Deeks, Shelley L" uniqKey="Deeks S" first="Shelley L" last="Deeks">Shelley L. Deeks</name></author><author><name sortKey="Manuel, Douglas G" sort="Manuel, Douglas G" uniqKey="Manuel D" first="Douglas G" last="Manuel">Douglas G. Manuel</name></author><author><name sortKey="Allen, Vanessa G" sort="Allen, Vanessa G" uniqKey="Allen V" first="Vanessa G" last="Allen">Vanessa G. Allen</name></author><author><name sortKey="Bayoumi, Ahmed M" sort="Bayoumi, Ahmed M" uniqKey="Bayoumi A" first="Ahmed M" last="Bayoumi">Ahmed M. Bayoumi</name></author><author><name sortKey="Fazil, Aamir" sort="Fazil, Aamir" uniqKey="Fazil A" first="Aamir" last="Fazil">Aamir Fazil</name></author><author><name sortKey="Fisman, David N" sort="Fisman, David N" uniqKey="Fisman D" first="David N" last="Fisman">David N. Fisman</name></author><author><name sortKey="Gershon, Andrea S" sort="Gershon, Andrea S" uniqKey="Gershon A" first="Andrea S" last="Gershon">Andrea S. Gershon</name></author><author><name sortKey="Gournis, Effie" sort="Gournis, Effie" uniqKey="Gournis E" first="Effie" last="Gournis">Effie Gournis</name></author><author><name sortKey="Heathcote, E Jenny" sort="Heathcote, E Jenny" uniqKey="Heathcote E" first="E Jenny" last="Heathcote">E Jenny Heathcote</name></author><author><name sortKey="Jamieson, Frances B" sort="Jamieson, Frances B" uniqKey="Jamieson F" first="Frances B" last="Jamieson">Frances B. Jamieson</name></author><author><name sortKey="Jha, Prabhat" sort="Jha, Prabhat" uniqKey="Jha P" first="Prabhat" last="Jha">Prabhat Jha</name></author><author><name sortKey="Khan, Kamran M" sort="Khan, Kamran M" uniqKey="Khan K" first="Kamran M" last="Khan">Kamran M. Khan</name></author><author><name sortKey="Majowicz, Shannon E" sort="Majowicz, Shannon E" uniqKey="Majowicz S" first="Shannon E" last="Majowicz">Shannon E. Majowicz</name></author><author><name sortKey="Mazzulli, Tony" sort="Mazzulli, Tony" uniqKey="Mazzulli T" first="Tony" last="Mazzulli">Tony Mazzulli</name></author><author><name sortKey="Mcgeer, Allison J" sort="Mcgeer, Allison J" uniqKey="Mcgeer A" first="Allison J" last="Mcgeer">Allison J. Mcgeer</name></author><author><name sortKey="Muller, Matthew P" sort="Muller, Matthew P" uniqKey="Muller M" first="Matthew P" last="Muller">Matthew P. Muller</name></author><author><name sortKey="Raut, Abhishek" sort="Raut, Abhishek" uniqKey="Raut A" first="Abhishek" last="Raut">Abhishek Raut</name></author><author><name sortKey="Rea, Elizabeth" sort="Rea, Elizabeth" uniqKey="Rea E" first="Elizabeth" last="Rea">Elizabeth Rea</name></author><author><name sortKey="Remis, Robert S" sort="Remis, Robert S" uniqKey="Remis R" first="Robert S" last="Remis">Robert S. Remis</name></author><author><name sortKey="Shahin, Rita" sort="Shahin, Rita" uniqKey="Shahin R" first="Rita" last="Shahin">Rita Shahin</name></author><author><name sortKey="Wright, Alissa J" sort="Wright, Alissa J" uniqKey="Wright A" first="Alissa J" last="Wright">Alissa J. Wright</name></author><author><name sortKey="Zagorski, Brandon" sort="Zagorski, Brandon" uniqKey="Zagorski B" first="Brandon" last="Zagorski">Brandon Zagorski</name></author><author><name sortKey="Crowcroft, Natasha S" sort="Crowcroft, Natasha S" uniqKey="Crowcroft N" first="Natasha S" last="Crowcroft">Natasha S. Crowcroft</name></author></analytic><series><title level="j">PloS one</title><idno type="eISSN">1932-6203</idno><imprint><date when="2012" type="published">2012</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass><keywords scheme="KwdEn" xml:lang="en"><term>Bacterial Infections (epidemiology)</term><term>Bacterial Infections (microbiology)</term><term>Bacterial Infections (mortality)</term><term>Cause of Death (trends)</term><term>Female (MeSH)</term><term>Health Policy (MeSH)</term><term>Humans (MeSH)</term><term>Male (MeSH)</term><term>Ontario (epidemiology)</term><term>Quality-Adjusted Life Years (MeSH)</term><term>Registries (MeSH)</term><term>Risk Factors (MeSH)</term><term>Sex Factors (MeSH)</term><term>Socioeconomic Factors (MeSH)</term><term>Survival Analysis (MeSH)</term><term>Virus Diseases (epidemiology)</term><term>Virus Diseases (mortality)</term><term>Virus Diseases (virology)</term></keywords><keywords scheme="KwdFr" xml:lang="fr"><term>Analyse de survie (MeSH)</term><term>Années de vie ajustées sur la qualité (MeSH)</term><term>Cause de décès (tendances)</term><term>Enregistrements (MeSH)</term><term>Facteurs de risque (MeSH)</term><term>Facteurs sexuels (MeSH)</term><term>Facteurs socioéconomiques (MeSH)</term><term>Femelle (MeSH)</term><term>Humains (MeSH)</term><term>Infections bactériennes (microbiologie)</term><term>Infections bactériennes (mortalité)</term><term>Infections bactériennes (épidémiologie)</term><term>Maladies virales (mortalité)</term><term>Maladies virales (virologie)</term><term>Maladies virales (épidémiologie)</term><term>Mâle (MeSH)</term><term>Ontario (épidémiologie)</term><term>Politique de santé (MeSH)</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" type="geographic" qualifier="epidemiology" xml:lang="en"><term>Ontario</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="epidemiology" xml:lang="en"><term>Bacterial Infections</term><term>Virus Diseases</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="microbiologie" xml:lang="fr"><term>Infections bactériennes</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="microbiology" xml:lang="en"><term>Bacterial Infections</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="mortality" xml:lang="en"><term>Bacterial Infections</term><term>Virus Diseases</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="mortalité" xml:lang="fr"><term>Infections bactériennes</term><term>Maladies virales</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="tendances" xml:lang="fr"><term>Cause de décès</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="trends" xml:lang="en"><term>Cause of Death</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="virologie" xml:lang="fr"><term>Maladies virales</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="virology" xml:lang="en"><term>Virus Diseases</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="épidémiologie" xml:lang="fr"><term>Infections bactériennes</term><term>Maladies virales</term><term>Ontario</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="en"><term>Female</term><term>Health Policy</term><term>Humans</term><term>Male</term><term>Quality-Adjusted Life Years</term><term>Registries</term><term>Risk Factors</term><term>Sex Factors</term><term>Socioeconomic Factors</term><term>Survival Analysis</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="fr"><term>Analyse de survie</term><term>Années de vie ajustées sur la qualité</term><term>Enregistrements</term><term>Facteurs de risque</term><term>Facteurs sexuels</term><term>Facteurs socioéconomiques</term><term>Femelle</term><term>Humains</term><term>Mâle</term><term>Politique de santé</term></keywords></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p><b>BACKGROUND</b></p><p>Evidence-based priority setting is increasingly important for rationally distributing scarce health resources and for guiding future health research. We sought to quantify the contribution of a wide range of infectious diseases to the overall infectious disease burden in a high-income setting.</p></div><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p><b>METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS</b></p><p>We used health-adjusted life years (HALYs), a composite measure comprising premature mortality and reduced functioning due to disease, to estimate the burden of 51 infectious diseases and associated syndromes in Ontario using 2005-2007 data. Deaths were estimated from vital statistics data and disease incidence was estimated from reportable disease, healthcare utilization, and cancer registry data, supplemented by local modeling studies and national and international epidemiologic studies. The 51 infectious agents and associated syndromes accounted for 729 lost HALYs, 44.2 deaths, and 58,987 incident cases per 100,000 population annually. The most burdensome infectious agents were: hepatitis C virus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, human papillomavirus, hepatitis B virus, human immunodeficiency virus, Staphylococcus aureus, influenza virus, Clostridium difficile, and rhinovirus. The top five, ten, and 20 pathogens accounted for 46%, 67%, and 75% of the total infectious disease burden, respectively. Marked sex-specific differences in disease burden were observed for some pathogens. The main limitations of this study were the exclusion of certain infectious diseases due to data availability issues, not considering the impact of co-infections and co-morbidity, and the inability to assess the burden of milder infections that do not result in healthcare utilization.</p></div><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p><b>CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE</b></p><p>Infectious diseases continue to cause a substantial health burden in high-income settings such as Ontario. Most of this burden is attributable to a relatively small number of infectious agents, for which many effective interventions have been previously identified. Therefore, these findings should be used to guide public health policy, planning, and research.</p></div></front></TEI><pubmed><MedlineCitation Status="MEDLINE" Owner="NLM"><PMID Version="1">22962601</PMID><DateCompleted><Year>2013</Year><Month>01</Month><Day>22</Day></DateCompleted><DateRevised><Year>2018</Year><Month>11</Month><Day>13</Day></DateRevised><Article PubModel="Print-Electronic"><Journal><ISSN IssnType="Electronic">1932-6203</ISSN><JournalIssue CitedMedium="Internet"><Volume>7</Volume><Issue>9</Issue><PubDate><Year>2012</Year></PubDate></JournalIssue><Title>PloS one</Title><ISOAbbreviation>PLoS ONE</ISOAbbreviation></Journal><ArticleTitle>The impact of infection on population health: results of the Ontario burden of infectious diseases study.</ArticleTitle><Pagination><MedlinePgn>e44103</MedlinePgn></Pagination><ELocationID EIdType="doi" ValidYN="Y">10.1371/journal.pone.0044103</ELocationID><Abstract><AbstractText Label="BACKGROUND" NlmCategory="BACKGROUND">Evidence-based priority setting is increasingly important for rationally distributing scarce health resources and for guiding future health research. We sought to quantify the contribution of a wide range of infectious diseases to the overall infectious disease burden in a high-income setting.</AbstractText><AbstractText Label="METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS" NlmCategory="RESULTS">We used health-adjusted life years (HALYs), a composite measure comprising premature mortality and reduced functioning due to disease, to estimate the burden of 51 infectious diseases and associated syndromes in Ontario using 2005-2007 data. Deaths were estimated from vital statistics data and disease incidence was estimated from reportable disease, healthcare utilization, and cancer registry data, supplemented by local modeling studies and national and international epidemiologic studies. The 51 infectious agents and associated syndromes accounted for 729 lost HALYs, 44.2 deaths, and 58,987 incident cases per 100,000 population annually. The most burdensome infectious agents were: hepatitis C virus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, human papillomavirus, hepatitis B virus, human immunodeficiency virus, Staphylococcus aureus, influenza virus, Clostridium difficile, and rhinovirus. The top five, ten, and 20 pathogens accounted for 46%, 67%, and 75% of the total infectious disease burden, respectively. Marked sex-specific differences in disease burden were observed for some pathogens. The main limitations of this study were the exclusion of certain infectious diseases due to data availability issues, not considering the impact of co-infections and co-morbidity, and the inability to assess the burden of milder infections that do not result in healthcare utilization.</AbstractText><AbstractText Label="CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE" NlmCategory="CONCLUSIONS">Infectious diseases continue to cause a substantial health burden in high-income settings such as Ontario. Most of this burden is attributable to a relatively small number of infectious agents, for which many effective interventions have been previously identified. Therefore, these findings should be used to guide public health policy, planning, and research.</AbstractText></Abstract><AuthorList CompleteYN="Y"><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Kwong</LastName><ForeName>Jeffrey C</ForeName><Initials>JC</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences, Toronto, Canada. jeff.kwong@utoronto.ca</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Ratnasingham</LastName><ForeName>Sujitha</ForeName><Initials>S</Initials></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Campitelli</LastName><ForeName>Michael A</ForeName><Initials>MA</Initials></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Daneman</LastName><ForeName>Nick</ForeName><Initials>N</Initials></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Deeks</LastName><ForeName>Shelley L</ForeName><Initials>SL</Initials></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Manuel</LastName><ForeName>Douglas G</ForeName><Initials>DG</Initials></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Allen</LastName><ForeName>Vanessa G</ForeName><Initials>VG</Initials></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Bayoumi</LastName><ForeName>Ahmed M</ForeName><Initials>AM</Initials></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Fazil</LastName><ForeName>Aamir</ForeName><Initials>A</Initials></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Fisman</LastName><ForeName>David N</ForeName><Initials>DN</Initials></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Gershon</LastName><ForeName>Andrea S</ForeName><Initials>AS</Initials></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Gournis</LastName><ForeName>Effie</ForeName><Initials>E</Initials></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Heathcote</LastName><ForeName>E Jenny</ForeName><Initials>EJ</Initials></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Jamieson</LastName><ForeName>Frances B</ForeName><Initials>FB</Initials></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Jha</LastName><ForeName>Prabhat</ForeName><Initials>P</Initials></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Khan</LastName><ForeName>Kamran M</ForeName><Initials>KM</Initials></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Majowicz</LastName><ForeName>Shannon E</ForeName><Initials>SE</Initials></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Mazzulli</LastName><ForeName>Tony</ForeName><Initials>T</Initials></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>McGeer</LastName><ForeName>Allison J</ForeName><Initials>AJ</Initials></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Muller</LastName><ForeName>Matthew P</ForeName><Initials>MP</Initials></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Raut</LastName><ForeName>Abhishek</ForeName><Initials>A</Initials></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Rea</LastName><ForeName>Elizabeth</ForeName><Initials>E</Initials></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Remis</LastName><ForeName>Robert S</ForeName><Initials>RS</Initials></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Shahin</LastName><ForeName>Rita</ForeName><Initials>R</Initials></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Wright</LastName><ForeName>Alissa J</ForeName><Initials>AJ</Initials></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Zagorski</LastName><ForeName>Brandon</ForeName><Initials>B</Initials></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Crowcroft</LastName><ForeName>Natasha S</ForeName><Initials>NS</Initials></Author></AuthorList><Language>eng</Language><GrantList CompleteYN="Y"><Grant><Agency>Canadian Institutes of Health Research</Agency><Country>Canada</Country></Grant></GrantList><PublicationTypeList><PublicationType UI="D016428">Journal Article</PublicationType><PublicationType UI="D013485">Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't</PublicationType></PublicationTypeList><ArticleDate DateType="Electronic"><Year>2012</Year><Month>09</Month><Day>04</Day></ArticleDate></Article><MedlineJournalInfo><Country>United States</Country><MedlineTA>PLoS 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MajorTopicYN="N">Male</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D009864" MajorTopicYN="N" Type="Geographic">Ontario</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000453" MajorTopicYN="N">epidemiology</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D019057" MajorTopicYN="N">Quality-Adjusted Life Years</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D012042" MajorTopicYN="N">Registries</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D012307" MajorTopicYN="N">Risk Factors</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D012737" MajorTopicYN="N">Sex Factors</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D012959" MajorTopicYN="N">Socioeconomic Factors</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D016019" MajorTopicYN="N">Survival Analysis</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D014777" MajorTopicYN="N">Virus Diseases</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000453" MajorTopicYN="Y">epidemiology</QualifierName><QualifierName UI="Q000401" MajorTopicYN="N">mortality</QualifierName><QualifierName UI="Q000821" MajorTopicYN="N">virology</QualifierName></MeshHeading></MeshHeadingList></MedlineCitation><PubmedData><History><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="received"><Year>2012</Year><Month>04</Month><Day>16</Day></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="accepted"><Year>2012</Year><Month>07</Month><Day>30</Day></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="entrez"><Year>2012</Year><Month>9</Month><Day>11</Day><Hour>6</Hour><Minute>0</Minute></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="pubmed"><Year>2012</Year><Month>9</Month><Day>11</Day><Hour>6</Hour><Minute>0</Minute></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="medline"><Year>2013</Year><Month>1</Month><Day>23</Day><Hour>6</Hour><Minute>0</Minute></PubMedPubDate></History><PublicationStatus>ppublish</PublicationStatus><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">22962601</ArticleId><ArticleId IdType="doi">10.1371/journal.pone.0044103</ArticleId><ArticleId IdType="pii">PONE-D-12-10795</ArticleId><ArticleId IdType="pmc">PMC3433488</ArticleId></ArticleIdList><ReferenceList><Reference><Citation>Can J Infect Dis Med Microbiol. 2006 Jul;17(4):229-34</Citation><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">18382633</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></Reference><Reference><Citation>J Health Econ. 1997 Dec;16(6):685-702</Citation><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">10176779</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></Reference><Reference><Citation>Bull World Health Organ. 1994;72(3):495-509</Citation><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">8062404</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></Reference><Reference><Citation>Can J Public Health. 2010 Nov-Dec;101(6):486-90</Citation><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">21370786</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></Reference><Reference><Citation>Chronic Dis Can. 2007;28(1-2):29-41</Citation><ArticleIdList><ArticleId 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Allen</name><name sortKey="Bayoumi, Ahmed M" sort="Bayoumi, Ahmed M" uniqKey="Bayoumi A" first="Ahmed M" last="Bayoumi">Ahmed M. Bayoumi</name><name sortKey="Campitelli, Michael A" sort="Campitelli, Michael A" uniqKey="Campitelli M" first="Michael A" last="Campitelli">Michael A. Campitelli</name><name sortKey="Crowcroft, Natasha S" sort="Crowcroft, Natasha S" uniqKey="Crowcroft N" first="Natasha S" last="Crowcroft">Natasha S. Crowcroft</name><name sortKey="Daneman, Nick" sort="Daneman, Nick" uniqKey="Daneman N" first="Nick" last="Daneman">Nick Daneman</name><name sortKey="Deeks, Shelley L" sort="Deeks, Shelley L" uniqKey="Deeks S" first="Shelley L" last="Deeks">Shelley L. Deeks</name><name sortKey="Fazil, Aamir" sort="Fazil, Aamir" uniqKey="Fazil A" first="Aamir" last="Fazil">Aamir Fazil</name><name sortKey="Fisman, David N" sort="Fisman, David N" uniqKey="Fisman D" first="David N" last="Fisman">David N. Fisman</name><name sortKey="Gershon, Andrea S" sort="Gershon, Andrea S" uniqKey="Gershon A" first="Andrea S" last="Gershon">Andrea S. Gershon</name><name sortKey="Gournis, Effie" sort="Gournis, Effie" uniqKey="Gournis E" first="Effie" last="Gournis">Effie Gournis</name><name sortKey="Heathcote, E Jenny" sort="Heathcote, E Jenny" uniqKey="Heathcote E" first="E Jenny" last="Heathcote">E Jenny Heathcote</name><name sortKey="Jamieson, Frances B" sort="Jamieson, Frances B" uniqKey="Jamieson F" first="Frances B" last="Jamieson">Frances B. Jamieson</name><name sortKey="Jha, Prabhat" sort="Jha, Prabhat" uniqKey="Jha P" first="Prabhat" last="Jha">Prabhat Jha</name><name sortKey="Khan, Kamran M" sort="Khan, Kamran M" uniqKey="Khan K" first="Kamran M" last="Khan">Kamran M. Khan</name><name sortKey="Majowicz, Shannon E" sort="Majowicz, Shannon E" uniqKey="Majowicz S" first="Shannon E" last="Majowicz">Shannon E. Majowicz</name><name sortKey="Manuel, Douglas G" sort="Manuel, Douglas G" uniqKey="Manuel D" first="Douglas G" last="Manuel">Douglas G. Manuel</name><name sortKey="Mazzulli, Tony" sort="Mazzulli, Tony" uniqKey="Mazzulli T" first="Tony" last="Mazzulli">Tony Mazzulli</name><name sortKey="Mcgeer, Allison J" sort="Mcgeer, Allison J" uniqKey="Mcgeer A" first="Allison J" last="Mcgeer">Allison J. Mcgeer</name><name sortKey="Muller, Matthew P" sort="Muller, Matthew P" uniqKey="Muller M" first="Matthew P" last="Muller">Matthew P. Muller</name><name sortKey="Ratnasingham, Sujitha" sort="Ratnasingham, Sujitha" uniqKey="Ratnasingham S" first="Sujitha" last="Ratnasingham">Sujitha Ratnasingham</name><name sortKey="Raut, Abhishek" sort="Raut, Abhishek" uniqKey="Raut A" first="Abhishek" last="Raut">Abhishek Raut</name><name sortKey="Rea, Elizabeth" sort="Rea, Elizabeth" uniqKey="Rea E" first="Elizabeth" last="Rea">Elizabeth Rea</name><name sortKey="Remis, Robert S" sort="Remis, Robert S" uniqKey="Remis R" first="Robert S" last="Remis">Robert S. Remis</name><name sortKey="Shahin, Rita" sort="Shahin, Rita" uniqKey="Shahin R" first="Rita" last="Shahin">Rita Shahin</name><name sortKey="Wright, Alissa J" sort="Wright, Alissa J" uniqKey="Wright A" first="Alissa J" last="Wright">Alissa J. Wright</name><name sortKey="Zagorski, Brandon" sort="Zagorski, Brandon" uniqKey="Zagorski B" first="Brandon" last="Zagorski">Brandon Zagorski</name></noCountry><country name="Canada"><region name="Ontario"><name sortKey="Kwong, Jeffrey C" sort="Kwong, Jeffrey C" uniqKey="Kwong J" first="Jeffrey C" last="Kwong">Jeffrey C. Kwong</name></region></country></tree></affiliations></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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