GrippeCanadaV4, Main, Exploration, bibRecord, 000025

In Vivo Characterization of Avian Influenza A (H5N1) and (H7N9) Viruses Isolated from Canadian Travelers.

Identifieur interne : 000025 ( Main/Exploration ); précédent : 000024; suivant : 000026

In Vivo Characterization of Avian Influenza A (H5N1) and (H7N9) Viruses Isolated from Canadian Travelers.

Auteurs : Yao Lu [Canada] ; Shelby Landreth [Canada] ; Amit Gaba [Canada] ; Magda Hlasny [Canada] ; Guanqun Liu [Canada] ; Yanyun Huang [Canada] ; Yan Zhou [Canada]

Source :

Viruses [ 1999-4915 ] ; 2019.

RBID : pubmed:30813415

Descripteurs français

KwdFr :
- Animaux (MeSH), Canada (épidémiologie), Cytokines (génétique), Cytokines (immunologie), Femelle (MeSH), Grippe humaine (virologie), Humains (MeSH), Infections à Orthomyxoviridae (anatomopathologie), Maladie liée aux voyages (MeSH), Modèles animaux de maladie humaine (MeSH), Oiseaux (virologie), Poumon (virologie), Réaction de polymérisation en chaîne (MeSH), Réplication virale (MeSH), Souris (MeSH), Souris de lignée BALB C (MeSH), Sous-type H5N1 du virus de la grippe A (génétique), Sous-type H5N1 du virus de la grippe A (isolement et purification), Sous-type H5N1 du virus de la grippe A (pathogénicité), Sous-type H7N9 du virus de la grippe A (génétique), Sous-type H7N9 du virus de la grippe A (isolement et purification), Sous-type H7N9 du virus de la grippe A (pathogénicité).
MESH :
- anatomopathologie : Infections à Orthomyxoviridae.
- génétique : Cytokines, Sous-type H5N1 du virus de la grippe A, Sous-type H7N9 du virus de la grippe A.
- immunologie : Cytokines.
- isolement et purification : Sous-type H5N1 du virus de la grippe A, Sous-type H7N9 du virus de la grippe A.
- pathogénicité : Sous-type H5N1 du virus de la grippe A, Sous-type H7N9 du virus de la grippe A.
- virologie : Grippe humaine, Oiseaux, Poumon.
- épidémiologie : Canada.
- Animaux, Femelle, Humains, Maladie liée aux voyages, Modèles animaux de maladie humaine, Réaction de polymérisation en chaîne, Réplication virale, Souris, Souris de lignée BALB C.
Wicri :
- geographic : Canada.

English descriptors

KwdEn :
- Animals (MeSH), Birds (virology), Canada (epidemiology), Cytokines (genetics), Cytokines (immunology), Disease Models, Animal (MeSH), Female (MeSH), Humans (MeSH), Influenza A Virus, H5N1 Subtype (genetics), Influenza A Virus, H5N1 Subtype (isolation & purification), Influenza A Virus, H5N1 Subtype (pathogenicity), Influenza A Virus, H7N9 Subtype (genetics), Influenza A Virus, H7N9 Subtype (isolation & purification), Influenza A Virus, H7N9 Subtype (pathogenicity), Influenza, Human (virology), Lung (virology), Mice (MeSH), Mice, Inbred BALB C (MeSH), Orthomyxoviridae Infections (pathology), Polymerase Chain Reaction (MeSH), Travel-Related Illness (MeSH), Virus Replication (MeSH).
MESH :
- chemical , genetics : Cytokines.
- geographic , epidemiology : Canada.
- chemical , immunology : Cytokines.
- genetics : Influenza A Virus, H5N1 Subtype, Influenza A Virus, H7N9 Subtype.
- isolation & purification : Influenza A Virus, H5N1 Subtype, Influenza A Virus, H7N9 Subtype.
- pathogenicity : Influenza A Virus, H5N1 Subtype, Influenza A Virus, H7N9 Subtype.
- pathology : Orthomyxoviridae Infections.
- virology : Birds, Influenza, Human, Lung.
- Animals, Disease Models, Animal, Female, Humans, Mice, Mice, Inbred BALB C, Polymerase Chain Reaction, Travel-Related Illness, Virus Replication.

Abstract

Highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N1 and low pathogenic avian influenza (LPAI) H7N9 viruses pose a severe threat to public health through zoonotic infection, causing severe respiratory disease in humans. While HPAI H5N1 human infections have typically been reported in Asian countries, avian H7N9 human infections have been reported mainly in China. However, Canada reported a case of fatal human infection by the HPAI H5N1 virus in 2014, and two cases of human illness associated with avian H7N9 virus infection in 2015. While the genomes of the causative viruses A/Alberta/01/2014 (H5N1) (AB14 (H5N1)) and A/British Columbia/1/2015 (H7N9) (BC15 (H7N9)) are reported, the isolates had not been evaluated for their pathogenicity in animal models. In this study, we characterized the pathogenicity of AB14 (H5N1) and BC15 (H7N9) and found that both strain isolates are highly lethal in mice. AB14 (H5N1) caused systemic viral infection and erratic proinflammatory cytokine gene expression in different organs. In contrast, BC15 (H7N9) replicated efficiently only in the respiratory tract, and was a potent inducer for proinflammatory cytokine genes in the lungs. Our study provides experimental evidence to complement the specific human case reports and animal models for evaluating vaccine and antiviral candidates against potential influenza pandemics.

DOI: 10.3390/v11020193
PubMed: 30813415
PubMed Central: PMC6409709

Affiliations:

Canada

Links toward previous steps (curation, corpus...)

to stream Main, to step Corpus: 000025
to stream Main, to step Curation: 000025

Le document en format XML

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<author><name sortKey="Gaba, Amit" sort="Gaba, Amit" uniqKey="Gaba A" first="Amit" last="Gaba">Amit Gaba</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Hlasny, Magda" sort="Hlasny, Magda" uniqKey="Hlasny M" first="Magda" last="Hlasny">Magda Hlasny</name>
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<country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country>
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<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Vaccinology & Immunotherapeutics program, School of Public Health, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 2Z4, Canada. guanqun.liu@usask.ca.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Vaccinology & Immunotherapeutics program, School of Public Health, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 2Z4</wicri:regionArea>
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<author><name sortKey="Huang, Yanyun" sort="Huang, Yanyun" uniqKey="Huang Y" first="Yanyun" last="Huang">Yanyun Huang</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Prairie Diagnostic Services Inc., Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B4, Canada. yanyun.huang@usask.ca.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Prairie Diagnostic Services Inc., Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B4</wicri:regionArea>
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<author><name sortKey="Zhou, Yan" sort="Zhou, Yan" uniqKey="Zhou Y" first="Yan" last="Zhou">Yan Zhou</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization - International Vaccine Centre (VIDO-InterVac), University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E3, Canada. yan.zhou@usask.ca.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country>
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<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B4, Canada. yan.zhou@usask.ca.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B4</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>SK S7N 5B4</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
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<profileDesc><textClass><keywords scheme="KwdEn" xml:lang="en"><term>Animals (MeSH)</term>
<term>Birds (virology)</term>
<term>Canada (epidemiology)</term>
<term>Cytokines (genetics)</term>
<term>Cytokines (immunology)</term>
<term>Disease Models, Animal (MeSH)</term>
<term>Female (MeSH)</term>
<term>Humans (MeSH)</term>
<term>Influenza A Virus, H5N1 Subtype (genetics)</term>
<term>Influenza A Virus, H5N1 Subtype (isolation & purification)</term>
<term>Influenza A Virus, H5N1 Subtype (pathogenicity)</term>
<term>Influenza A Virus, H7N9 Subtype (genetics)</term>
<term>Influenza A Virus, H7N9 Subtype (isolation & purification)</term>
<term>Influenza A Virus, H7N9 Subtype (pathogenicity)</term>
<term>Influenza, Human (virology)</term>
<term>Lung (virology)</term>
<term>Mice (MeSH)</term>
<term>Mice, Inbred BALB C (MeSH)</term>
<term>Orthomyxoviridae Infections (pathology)</term>
<term>Polymerase Chain Reaction (MeSH)</term>
<term>Travel-Related Illness (MeSH)</term>
<term>Virus Replication (MeSH)</term>
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<keywords scheme="KwdFr" xml:lang="fr"><term>Animaux (MeSH)</term>
<term>Canada (épidémiologie)</term>
<term>Cytokines (génétique)</term>
<term>Cytokines (immunologie)</term>
<term>Femelle (MeSH)</term>
<term>Grippe humaine (virologie)</term>
<term>Humains (MeSH)</term>
<term>Infections à Orthomyxoviridae (anatomopathologie)</term>
<term>Maladie liée aux voyages (MeSH)</term>
<term>Modèles animaux de maladie humaine (MeSH)</term>
<term>Oiseaux (virologie)</term>
<term>Poumon (virologie)</term>
<term>Réaction de polymérisation en chaîne (MeSH)</term>
<term>Réplication virale (MeSH)</term>
<term>Souris (MeSH)</term>
<term>Souris de lignée BALB C (MeSH)</term>
<term>Sous-type H5N1 du virus de la grippe A (génétique)</term>
<term>Sous-type H5N1 du virus de la grippe A (isolement et purification)</term>
<term>Sous-type H5N1 du virus de la grippe A (pathogénicité)</term>
<term>Sous-type H7N9 du virus de la grippe A (génétique)</term>
<term>Sous-type H7N9 du virus de la grippe A (isolement et purification)</term>
<term>Sous-type H7N9 du virus de la grippe A (pathogénicité)</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" type="chemical" qualifier="genetics" xml:lang="en"><term>Cytokines</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" type="geographic" qualifier="epidemiology" xml:lang="en"><term>Canada</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" type="chemical" qualifier="immunology" xml:lang="en"><term>Cytokines</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="anatomopathologie" xml:lang="fr"><term>Infections à Orthomyxoviridae</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="genetics" xml:lang="en"><term>Influenza A Virus, H5N1 Subtype</term>
<term>Influenza A Virus, H7N9 Subtype</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="génétique" xml:lang="fr"><term>Cytokines</term>
<term>Sous-type H5N1 du virus de la grippe A</term>
<term>Sous-type H7N9 du virus de la grippe A</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="immunologie" xml:lang="fr"><term>Cytokines</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="isolation & purification" xml:lang="en"><term>Influenza A Virus, H5N1 Subtype</term>
<term>Influenza A Virus, H7N9 Subtype</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="isolement et purification" xml:lang="fr"><term>Sous-type H5N1 du virus de la grippe A</term>
<term>Sous-type H7N9 du virus de la grippe A</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="pathogenicity" xml:lang="en"><term>Influenza A Virus, H5N1 Subtype</term>
<term>Influenza A Virus, H7N9 Subtype</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="pathogénicité" xml:lang="fr"><term>Sous-type H5N1 du virus de la grippe A</term>
<term>Sous-type H7N9 du virus de la grippe A</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="pathology" xml:lang="en"><term>Orthomyxoviridae Infections</term>
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<term>Oiseaux</term>
<term>Poumon</term>
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<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="virology" xml:lang="en"><term>Birds</term>
<term>Influenza, Human</term>
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<term>Disease Models, Animal</term>
<term>Female</term>
<term>Humans</term>
<term>Mice</term>
<term>Mice, Inbred BALB C</term>
<term>Polymerase Chain Reaction</term>
<term>Travel-Related Illness</term>
<term>Virus Replication</term>
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<term>Femelle</term>
<term>Humains</term>
<term>Maladie liée aux voyages</term>
<term>Modèles animaux de maladie humaine</term>
<term>Réaction de polymérisation en chaîne</term>
<term>Réplication virale</term>
<term>Souris</term>
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<front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">Highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N1 and low pathogenic avian influenza (LPAI) H7N9 viruses pose a severe threat to public health through zoonotic infection, causing severe respiratory disease in humans. While HPAI H5N1 human infections have typically been reported in Asian countries, avian H7N9 human infections have been reported mainly in China. However, Canada reported a case of fatal human infection by the HPAI H5N1 virus in 2014, and two cases of human illness associated with avian H7N9 virus infection in 2015. While the genomes of the causative viruses A/Alberta/01/2014 (H5N1) (AB14 (H5N1)) and A/British Columbia/1/2015 (H7N9) (BC15 (H7N9)) are reported, the isolates had not been evaluated for their pathogenicity in animal models. In this study, we characterized the pathogenicity of AB14 (H5N1) and BC15 (H7N9) and found that both strain isolates are highly lethal in mice. AB14 (H5N1) caused systemic viral infection and erratic proinflammatory cytokine gene expression in different organs. In contrast, BC15 (H7N9) replicated efficiently only in the respiratory tract, and was a potent inducer for proinflammatory cytokine genes in the lungs. Our study provides experimental evidence to complement the specific human case reports and animal models for evaluating vaccine and antiviral candidates against potential influenza pandemics.</div>
</front>
</TEI>
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<DateCompleted><Year>2019</Year>
<Month>08</Month>
<Day>20</Day>
</DateCompleted>
<DateRevised><Year>2020</Year>
<Month>03</Month>
<Day>09</Day>
</DateRevised>
<Article PubModel="Electronic"><Journal><ISSN IssnType="Electronic">1999-4915</ISSN>
<JournalIssue CitedMedium="Internet"><Volume>11</Volume>
<Issue>2</Issue>
<PubDate><Year>2019</Year>
<Month>02</Month>
<Day>23</Day>
</PubDate>
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<Title>Viruses</Title>
<ISOAbbreviation>Viruses</ISOAbbreviation>
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<ArticleTitle>In Vivo Characterization of Avian Influenza A (H5N1) and (H7N9) Viruses Isolated from Canadian Travelers.</ArticleTitle>
<ELocationID EIdType="pii" ValidYN="Y">E193</ELocationID>
<ELocationID EIdType="doi" ValidYN="Y">10.3390/v11020193</ELocationID>
<Abstract><AbstractText>Highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N1 and low pathogenic avian influenza (LPAI) H7N9 viruses pose a severe threat to public health through zoonotic infection, causing severe respiratory disease in humans. While HPAI H5N1 human infections have typically been reported in Asian countries, avian H7N9 human infections have been reported mainly in China. However, Canada reported a case of fatal human infection by the HPAI H5N1 virus in 2014, and two cases of human illness associated with avian H7N9 virus infection in 2015. While the genomes of the causative viruses A/Alberta/01/2014 (H5N1) (AB14 (H5N1)) and A/British Columbia/1/2015 (H7N9) (BC15 (H7N9)) are reported, the isolates had not been evaluated for their pathogenicity in animal models. In this study, we characterized the pathogenicity of AB14 (H5N1) and BC15 (H7N9) and found that both strain isolates are highly lethal in mice. AB14 (H5N1) caused systemic viral infection and erratic proinflammatory cytokine gene expression in different organs. In contrast, BC15 (H7N9) replicated efficiently only in the respiratory tract, and was a potent inducer for proinflammatory cytokine genes in the lungs. Our study provides experimental evidence to complement the specific human case reports and animal models for evaluating vaccine and antiviral candidates against potential influenza pandemics.</AbstractText>
</Abstract>
<AuthorList CompleteYN="Y"><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Lu</LastName>
<ForeName>Yao</ForeName>
<Initials>Y</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization - International Vaccine Centre (VIDO-InterVac), University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E3, Canada. yao.lu@usask.ca.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B4, Canada. yao.lu@usask.ca.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Landreth</LastName>
<ForeName>Shelby</ForeName>
<Initials>S</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization - International Vaccine Centre (VIDO-InterVac), University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E3, Canada. shelby.landreth@usask.ca.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Vaccinology & Immunotherapeutics program, School of Public Health, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 2Z4, Canada. shelby.landreth@usask.ca.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Gaba</LastName>
<ForeName>Amit</ForeName>
<Initials>A</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization - International Vaccine Centre (VIDO-InterVac), University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E3, Canada. amg340@mail.usask.ca.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Hlasny</LastName>
<ForeName>Magda</ForeName>
<Initials>M</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization - International Vaccine Centre (VIDO-InterVac), University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E3, Canada. mth280@mail.usask.ca.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Liu</LastName>
<ForeName>Guanqun</ForeName>
<Initials>G</Initials>
<Identifier Source="ORCID">0000-0003-2520-7625</Identifier>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization - International Vaccine Centre (VIDO-InterVac), University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E3, Canada. guanqun.liu@usask.ca.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Vaccinology & Immunotherapeutics program, School of Public Health, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 2Z4, Canada. guanqun.liu@usask.ca.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Huang</LastName>
<ForeName>Yanyun</ForeName>
<Initials>Y</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Prairie Diagnostic Services Inc., Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B4, Canada. yanyun.huang@usask.ca.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Zhou</LastName>
<ForeName>Yan</ForeName>
<Initials>Y</Initials>
<Identifier Source="ORCID">0000-0002-4706-1543</Identifier>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization - International Vaccine Centre (VIDO-InterVac), University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E3, Canada. yan.zhou@usask.ca.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B4, Canada. yan.zhou@usask.ca.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Vaccinology & Immunotherapeutics program, School of Public Health, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 2Z4, Canada. yan.zhou@usask.ca.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
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<Language>eng</Language>
<PublicationTypeList><PublicationType UI="D016428">Journal Article</PublicationType>
<PublicationType UI="D013485">Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't</PublicationType>
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<ArticleDate DateType="Electronic"><Year>2019</Year>
<Month>02</Month>
<Day>23</Day>
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<MedlineJournalInfo><Country>Switzerland</Country>
<MedlineTA>Viruses</MedlineTA>
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<ISSNLinking>1999-4915</ISSNLinking>
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<QualifierName UI="Q000821" MajorTopicYN="N">virology</QualifierName>
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<MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D002170" MajorTopicYN="N" Type="Geographic">Canada</DescriptorName>
<QualifierName UI="Q000453" MajorTopicYN="N">epidemiology</QualifierName>
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<QualifierName UI="Q000235" MajorTopicYN="N">genetics</QualifierName>
<QualifierName UI="Q000276" MajorTopicYN="N">immunology</QualifierName>
</MeshHeading>
<MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D004195" MajorTopicYN="N">Disease Models, Animal</DescriptorName>
</MeshHeading>
<MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D005260" MajorTopicYN="N">Female</DescriptorName>
</MeshHeading>
<MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D006801" MajorTopicYN="N">Humans</DescriptorName>
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<QualifierName UI="Q000472" MajorTopicYN="Y">pathogenicity</QualifierName>
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<QualifierName UI="Q000302" MajorTopicYN="N">isolation & purification</QualifierName>
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</MeshHeading>
<MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D007251" MajorTopicYN="N">Influenza, Human</DescriptorName>
<QualifierName UI="Q000821" MajorTopicYN="Y">virology</QualifierName>
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<MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D008168" MajorTopicYN="N">Lung</DescriptorName>
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</MeshHeading>
<MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D051379" MajorTopicYN="N">Mice</DescriptorName>
</MeshHeading>
<MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D008807" MajorTopicYN="N">Mice, Inbred BALB C</DescriptorName>
</MeshHeading>
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<name sortKey="Gaba, Amit" sort="Gaba, Amit" uniqKey="Gaba A" first="Amit" last="Gaba">Amit Gaba</name>
<name sortKey="Hlasny, Magda" sort="Hlasny, Magda" uniqKey="Hlasny M" first="Magda" last="Hlasny">Magda Hlasny</name>
<name sortKey="Huang, Yanyun" sort="Huang, Yanyun" uniqKey="Huang Y" first="Yanyun" last="Huang">Yanyun Huang</name>
<name sortKey="Landreth, Shelby" sort="Landreth, Shelby" uniqKey="Landreth S" first="Shelby" last="Landreth">Shelby Landreth</name>
<name sortKey="Landreth, Shelby" sort="Landreth, Shelby" uniqKey="Landreth S" first="Shelby" last="Landreth">Shelby Landreth</name>
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<name sortKey="Liu, Guanqun" sort="Liu, Guanqun" uniqKey="Liu G" first="Guanqun" last="Liu">Guanqun Liu</name>
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<name sortKey="Zhou, Yan" sort="Zhou, Yan" uniqKey="Zhou Y" first="Yan" last="Zhou">Yan Zhou</name>
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In Vivo Characterization of Avian Influenza A (H5N1) and (H7N9) Viruses Isolated from Canadian Travelers.

In Vivo Characterization of Avian Influenza A (H5N1) and (H7N9) Viruses Isolated from Canadian Travelers.

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