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A Radiographic Comparison of Progressive and Conventional Loading on Crestal Bone Loss and Density in Single Dental Implants: A Randomized Controlled Trial Study

Identifieur interne : 003080 ( Pmc/Curation ); précédent : 003079; suivant : 003081

A Radiographic Comparison of Progressive and Conventional Loading on Crestal Bone Loss and Density in Single Dental Implants: A Randomized Controlled Trial Study

Auteurs : Rahab Ghoveizi [Iran] ; Marzieh Alikhasi [Iran] ; Mohammad-Reza Siadat [États-Unis] ; Hakimeh Siadat [Iran] ; Majid Sorouri [Nouvelle-Zélande]

Source :

RBID : PMC:3666076

Abstract

Objective:

Crestal bone loss is a biological complication in implant dentistry. The aim of this study was to compare the effect of progressive and conventional loading on crestal bone height and bone density around single osseointegrated implants in the posterior maxilla by a longitudinal radiographic assessment technique.

Materials and Methods:

Twenty micro thread implants were placed in 10 patients (two implants per patient). One of the two implants in each patient was assigned to progressive and the other to conventional loading groups. Eight weeks after surgery, conventional implants were restored with a metal ceramic crown and the progressive group underwent a progressive loading protocol. The progressive loading group took different temporary acrylic crowns at 2, 4 and 6 months. After eight months, acrylic crowns were replaced with a metal ceramic crown. Computer radiography of both progressive and conventional implants was taken at 2, 4, 6, and 12 months. Image analysis was performed to measure the height of crestal bone loss and bone density.

Results:

The mean values of crestal bone loss at month 12 were 0.11 (0.19) mm for progressively and 0.36 (0.36) mm for conventionally loaded implants, with a statistically significant difference (P < 0.05) using Wilcoxon sign rank. Progressively loaded group showed a trend for higher bone density gain compared to the conventionally loaded group, but when tested with repeated measure ANOVA, the differences were not statistically significant (P > 0.05).

Conclusion:

The progressive group showed less crestal bone loss in single osseointegrated implant than the conventional group. Bone density around progressively loaded implants showed increase in crestal, middle and apical areas.


Url:
PubMed: 23724215
PubMed Central: 3666076

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PMC:3666076

Le document en format XML

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<p>Twenty micro thread implants were placed in 10 patients (two implants per patient). One of the two implants in each patient was assigned to progressive and the other to conventional loading groups. Eight weeks after surgery, conventional implants were restored with a metal ceramic crown and the progressive group underwent a progressive loading protocol. The progressive loading group took different temporary acrylic crowns at 2, 4 and 6 months. After eight months, acrylic crowns were replaced with a metal ceramic crown. Computer radiography of both progressive and conventional implants was taken at 2, 4, 6, and 12 months. Image analysis was performed to measure the height of crestal bone loss and bone density.</p>
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<name sortKey="Mitsias, Pd" uniqKey="Mitsias P">PD Mitsias</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Kapke, A" uniqKey="Kapke A">A Kapke</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Lu, M" uniqKey="Lu M">M Lu</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
</listBibl>
</div1>
</back>
</TEI>
<pmc article-type="research-article">
<pmc-dir>properties open_access</pmc-dir>
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">J Dent (Tehran)</journal-id>
<journal-id journal-id-type="iso-abbrev">J Dent (Tehran)</journal-id>
<journal-title-group>
<journal-title>Journal of Dentistry (Tehran, Iran)</journal-title>
</journal-title-group>
<issn pub-type="ppub">1735-2150</issn>
<issn pub-type="epub">2008-2185</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name>Tehran University of Medical Sciences</publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id pub-id-type="pmid">23724215</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="pmc">3666076</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">jod-10-155</article-id>
<article-categories>
<subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
<subject>Original Article</subject>
</subj-group>
</article-categories>
<title-group>
<article-title>A Radiographic Comparison of Progressive and Conventional Loading on Crestal Bone Loss and Density in Single Dental Implants: A Randomized Controlled Trial Study</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Ghoveizi</surname>
<given-names>Rahab</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="af1-jod-10-155">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Alikhasi</surname>
<given-names>Marzieh</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="af2-jod-10-155">
<sup>2</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Siadat</surname>
<given-names>Mohammad-Reza</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="af3-jod-10-155">
<sup>3</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Siadat</surname>
<given-names>Hakimeh</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="af4-jod-10-155">
<sup>4</sup>
</xref>
<xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c1-jod-10-155"></xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Sorouri</surname>
<given-names>Majid</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="af5-jod-10-155">
<sup>5</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="af1-jod-10-155">
<label>1</label>
Assistant Professor, Department of Prosthodontics, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, School of Dentistry, Tehran, Iran</aff>
<aff id="af2-jod-10-155">
<label>2</label>
Associate Professor, Dental Research Center, Dentistry Research Institute and Department of Prosthodontics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, School of Dentistry, Tehran, Iran</aff>
<aff id="af3-jod-10-155">
<label>3</label>
Assistant Professor, Computer Science and Engineering Department, Oakland University, Mi, USA</aff>
<aff id="af4-jod-10-155">
<label>4</label>
Associate Professor, Dental Implant Research Center and Department of Prosthodontics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, School of Dentistry, Tehran, Iran</aff>
<aff id="af5-jod-10-155">
<label>5</label>
Ph.D. Student, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of Auckland, New Zealand</aff>
<author-notes>
<corresp id="c1-jod-10-155">Corresponding author: H. Siadat, Dental Implant Research Center and Department of Prosthodontics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, School of Dentistry, Tehran, Iran,
<email>hsiadat@tums.ac.ir</email>
</corresp>
</author-notes>
<pub-date pub-type="ppub">
<month>3</month>
<year>2013</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>31</day>
<month>3</month>
<year>2013</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="collection">
<year>2013</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>10</volume>
<issue>2</issue>
<fpage>155</fpage>
<lpage>163</lpage>
<history>
<date date-type="received">
<day>26</day>
<month>11</month>
<year>2012</year>
</date>
<date date-type="accepted">
<day>23</day>
<month>1</month>
<year>2013</year>
</date>
</history>
<permissions>
<copyright-statement>Copyright © Dental Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences</copyright-statement>
<copyright-year>2013</copyright-year>
<license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/">
<license-p>This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial 3.0 License (CC BY-NC 3.0), which allows users to read, copy, distribute and make derivative works for non-commercial purposes from the material, as long as the author of the original work is cited properly.</license-p>
</license>
</permissions>
<abstract>
<sec>
<title>Objective:</title>
<p>Crestal bone loss is a biological complication in implant dentistry. The aim of this study was to compare the effect of progressive and conventional loading on crestal bone height and bone density around single osseointegrated implants in the posterior maxilla by a longitudinal radiographic assessment technique.</p>
</sec>
<sec>
<title>Materials and Methods:</title>
<p>Twenty micro thread implants were placed in 10 patients (two implants per patient). One of the two implants in each patient was assigned to progressive and the other to conventional loading groups. Eight weeks after surgery, conventional implants were restored with a metal ceramic crown and the progressive group underwent a progressive loading protocol. The progressive loading group took different temporary acrylic crowns at 2, 4 and 6 months. After eight months, acrylic crowns were replaced with a metal ceramic crown. Computer radiography of both progressive and conventional implants was taken at 2, 4, 6, and 12 months. Image analysis was performed to measure the height of crestal bone loss and bone density.</p>
</sec>
<sec>
<title>Results:</title>
<p>The mean values of crestal bone loss at month 12 were 0.11 (0.19) mm for progressively and 0.36 (0.36) mm for conventionally loaded implants, with a statistically significant difference (
<italic>P</italic>
< 0.05) using Wilcoxon sign rank. Progressively loaded group showed a trend for higher bone density gain compared to the conventionally loaded group, but when tested with repeated measure ANOVA, the differences were not statistically significant (
<italic>P</italic>
> 0.05).</p>
</sec>
<sec>
<title>Conclusion:</title>
<p>The progressive group showed less crestal bone loss in single osseointegrated implant than the conventional group. Bone density around progressively loaded implants showed increase in crestal, middle and apical areas.</p>
</sec>
</abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd>Dental Implant Loading</kwd>
<kwd>Dental Prosthesis</kwd>
<kwd>Implant-Supported</kwd>
<kwd>Dental Prosthesis</kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front>
<floats-group>
<fig id="f1-jod-10-155" position="float">
<label>Fig 1</label>
<caption>
<p>Progressive loaded implant sequence, a: two months after surgery, the first temporary crown was placed in 2mm infraocclusion, b: four months after surgery, the second temporary crown was placed in 40μ occlusal contact, c: six months after surgery, the last temporary crown was placed into full occlusion (12μ occlusal contact), d: eight months after surgery, the last temporary crown was replaced by a cemented metal ceramic crown with the same occlusal contact.</p>
</caption>
<graphic xlink:href="jod-10-155f1"></graphic>
</fig>
<fig id="f2-jod-10-155" position="float">
<label>Fig 2</label>
<caption>
<p>To measure crestal bone loss, implant shoulder on the mesial (a) and distal (c), the first contact of the alveolar crestal bone to the implant on the mesial (b) and distal (d) the apex of the implant (e) and the middle of the implant shoulder (f) were marked</p>
</caption>
<graphic xlink:href="jod-10-155f2"></graphic>
</fig>
<fig id="f3-jod-10-155" position="float">
<label>Fig 3</label>
<caption>
<p>To measure the change on bone density around the implant, nine 1mm
<sup>2</sup>
regions-of-insert (ROI) were considered. Immediately apical to the bone-implant contact on the mesial and distal area of the implant (A,H), in the middle of micro-thread on the mesial and distal area of the implant (B,G), on the contact of micro-thread to the macro-thread on the mesial and distal area of the implant (C,F), the apical area of the implant at the mesial and distal of the implant (D, E), the last ROI was placed on the body of the implant in the distal shoulder (Ref)</p>
</caption>
<graphic xlink:href="jod-10-155f3"></graphic>
</fig>
<table-wrap id="t1-jod-10-155" position="float">
<label>Table 1</label>
<caption>
<p>Mean (SD) of Crestal Bone Loss (mm)</p>
</caption>
<table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
<thead>
<tr>
<th align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="3" colspan="1">
<bold>Follow-Up Period</bold>
</th>
<th align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">
<bold>Conventional Group</bold>
</th>
<th align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">
<bold>Progressive Group</bold>
</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<th colspan="2" align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1">
<hr></hr>
</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<th align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">
<bold>Mean (SD)</bold>
</th>
<th align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">
<bold>Mean (SD)</bold>
</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">
<bold>2 months</bold>
</td>
<td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.19(0.25)</td>
<td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.11(0.19)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">
<bold>4 months</bold>
</td>
<td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.21(0.27)</td>
<td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.13(0.24)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">
<bold>6 months</bold>
</td>
<td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.26(0.30)</td>
<td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.14(0.25)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">
<bold>8 months</bold>
</td>
<td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.31(0.31)</td>
<td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.14(0.30)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">
<bold>12 months</bold>
</td>
<td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.36(0.36)</td>
<td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.11(0.19)</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</table-wrap>
<table-wrap id="t2-jod-10-155" position="float">
<label>Table 2</label>
<caption>
<p>Mean (SD) of Bone Density in Conventional Loading Groups</p>
</caption>
<table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
<thead>
<tr>
<th align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="3" colspan="1">
<bold>Follow-Up Period</bold>
</th>
<th align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">
<bold>Crestal (A+B+G+H)</bold>
</th>
<th align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">
<bold>Middle (C+F)</bold>
</th>
<th align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">
<bold>Apical (D+E)</bold>
</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<th colspan="3" align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1">
<hr></hr>
</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<th align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">
<bold>Mean (SD)</bold>
</th>
<th align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">
<bold>Mean (SD)</bold>
</th>
<th align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">
<bold>Mean (SD)</bold>
</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">
<bold>2 months</bold>
</td>
<td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">63.26 (10.11)</td>
<td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">62.52 (10.06)</td>
<td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">49.83 (13.50)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">
<bold>4 months</bold>
</td>
<td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">66.67 (9.07)</td>
<td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">65.60 (10.81)</td>
<td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">54.60 (14.03)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">
<bold>6 months</bold>
</td>
<td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">66.32 (8.54)</td>
<td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">66.34 (8.36)</td>
<td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">51.87 (14.93)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">
<bold>8 months</bold>
</td>
<td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">66.09 (7.71)</td>
<td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">66.12 (8.80)</td>
<td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">52.38 (16.24)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">
<bold>12 months</bold>
</td>
<td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">66.38 (10.16)</td>
<td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">65.79 (8.87)</td>
<td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">53.40 (13.89)</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</table-wrap>
<table-wrap id="t3-jod-10-155" position="float">
<label>Table 3</label>
<caption>
<p>Mean (SD) of Bone Density in Progressive Loading Groups</p>
</caption>
<table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
<thead>
<tr>
<th align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="3" colspan="1">
<bold>Follow-Up Period</bold>
</th>
<th align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">
<bold>Crestal (A+B+G+H)</bold>
</th>
<th align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">
<bold>Middle (C+F)</bold>
</th>
<th align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">
<bold>Apical (D+E)</bold>
</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<th colspan="3" align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1">
<hr></hr>
</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<th align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">
<bold>
<italic>Mean (SD)</italic>
</bold>
</th>
<th align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">
<bold>
<italic>Mean (SD)</italic>
</bold>
</th>
<th align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">
<bold>
<italic>Mean (SD)</italic>
</bold>
</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">
<bold>2 months</bold>
</td>
<td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">61.08 (2.07)</td>
<td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">57.50 (15.47)</td>
<td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">48.96 (14.90)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">
<bold>4 months</bold>
</td>
<td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">65.35 (11.48)</td>
<td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">60.58 (9.86)</td>
<td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">53.86 (11.23)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">
<bold>6 months</bold>
</td>
<td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">64.32 (9.72)</td>
<td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">62.10 (12.20)</td>
<td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">53.77 (11.80)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">
<bold>8 months</bold>
</td>
<td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">63.92 (11.08)</td>
<td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">60.53 (12.31)</td>
<td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">50.98 (15.00)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">
<bold>12 months</bold>
</td>
<td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">66.75 (10.18)</td>
<td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">63.57 (13.17)</td>
<td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">54.05 (15.14)</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</table-wrap>
</floats-group>
</pmc>
</record>

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