EFFECTIVENESS OF A NEW TOOTHBRUSH DESIGN VERSUS A CONVENTIONAL TONGUE SCRAPER IN IMPROVING BREATH ODOR AND REDUCING TONGUE MICROBIOTA
Identifieur interne : 003002 ( Pmc/Curation ); précédent : 003001; suivant : 003003EFFECTIVENESS OF A NEW TOOTHBRUSH DESIGN VERSUS A CONVENTIONAL TONGUE SCRAPER IN IMPROVING BREATH ODOR AND REDUCING TONGUE MICROBIOTA
Auteurs : Luciana Assirati Casemiro [Brésil] ; Carlos Henrique Gomes Martins [Brésil] ; Tatiane Cruz De Carvalho [Brésil] ; Heitor Panzeri [Brésil] ; Marco Aurélio Sichirolli Lavrador [Brésil] ; Fernanda De Carvalho Panzeri Pires-De-Souza [Brésil]Source :
- Journal of Applied Oral Science [ 1678-7757 ] ; 2008.
Abstract
For centuries, specific instruments or regular toothbrushes have routinely been used to remove tongue biofilm and improve breath odor. Toothbrushes with a tongue scraper on the back of their head have recently been introduced to the market. The present study compared the effectiveness of a manual toothbrush with this new design, i.e., possessing a tongue scraper, and a commercial tongue scraper in improving breath odor and reducing the aerobic and anaerobic microbiota of tongue surface. The evaluations occurred at 4 moments, when the participants (n=30) had their halitosis quantified with a halimeter and scored according to a 4-point scoring system corresponding to different levels of intensity. Saliva was collected for counts of aerobic and anaerobic microorganisms. Data were analyzed statistically by Friedman's test (p<0.05). When differences were detected, the Wilcoxon test adjusted for Bonferroni correction was used for multiple comparisons (group to group). The results confirmed the importance of mechanical cleaning of the tongue, since this procedure provided an improvement in halitosis and reduction of aerobe and anaerobe counts. Regarding the evaluated methods, the toothbrush's tongue scraper and conventional tongue scraper had a similar performance in terms of breath improvement and reduction of tongue microbiota, and may be indicated as effective methods for tongue cleaning.
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DOI: 10.1590/S1678-77572008000400008
PubMed: 19089259
PubMed Central: 4327536
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<record><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">EFFECTIVENESS OF A NEW TOOTHBRUSH DESIGN VERSUS A CONVENTIONAL TONGUE SCRAPER IN IMPROVING BREATH ODOR AND REDUCING TONGUE MICROBIOTA</title><author><name sortKey="Casemiro, Luciana Assirati" sort="Casemiro, Luciana Assirati" uniqKey="Casemiro L" first="Luciana Assirati" last="Casemiro">Luciana Assirati Casemiro</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff01">DDs, MsC, PhD, Professor, Dental School, University of Franca, Franca, SP, Brazil</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Brésil</country><wicri:regionArea>DDs, MsC, PhD, Professor, Dental School, University of Franca, Franca, SP</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Martins, Carlos Henrique Gomes" sort="Martins, Carlos Henrique Gomes" uniqKey="Martins C" first="Carlos Henrique Gomes" last="Martins">Carlos Henrique Gomes Martins</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff02">DDs, MsC, PhD, Professor, Laboratory of Applied 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Fernanda De Carvalho Panzeri" uniqKey="Pires De Souza F" first="Fernanda De Carvalho Panzeri" last="Pires-De-Souza">Fernanda De Carvalho Panzeri Pires-De-Souza</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff06">DDs, MsC, PhD, Associate Professor, Dental School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Brésil</country><wicri:regionArea>DDs, MsC, PhD, Associate Professor, Dental School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PMC</idno><idno type="pmid">19089259</idno><idno type="pmc">4327536</idno><idno type="url">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4327536</idno><idno type="RBID">PMC:4327536</idno><idno type="doi">10.1590/S1678-77572008000400008</idno><date when="2008">2008</date><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Corpus">003002</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PMC">003002</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Curation">003002</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Curation">003002</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">EFFECTIVENESS OF A NEW TOOTHBRUSH DESIGN VERSUS A CONVENTIONAL TONGUE SCRAPER IN IMPROVING BREATH ODOR AND REDUCING TONGUE MICROBIOTA</title><author><name sortKey="Casemiro, Luciana Assirati" sort="Casemiro, Luciana Assirati" uniqKey="Casemiro L" first="Luciana Assirati" last="Casemiro">Luciana Assirati Casemiro</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff01">DDs, MsC, PhD, Professor, Dental School, University of Franca, Franca, SP, Brazil</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Brésil</country><wicri:regionArea>DDs, MsC, PhD, Professor, Dental School, University of Franca, Franca, SP</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Martins, Carlos Henrique Gomes" sort="Martins, Carlos Henrique Gomes" uniqKey="Martins C" first="Carlos Henrique Gomes" last="Martins">Carlos Henrique Gomes Martins</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff02">DDs, MsC, PhD, Professor, Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, University of Franca, Franca, SP, Brazil</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Brésil</country><wicri:regionArea>DDs, MsC, PhD, Professor, Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, University of Franca, Franca, SP</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="De Carvalho, Tatiane Cruz" sort="De Carvalho, Tatiane Cruz" uniqKey="De Carvalho T" first="Tatiane Cruz" last="De Carvalho">Tatiane Cruz De Carvalho</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff03">DDs, Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, University of Franca, Franca, SP, Brazil</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Brésil</country><wicri:regionArea>DDs, Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, University of Franca, Franca, SP</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Panzeri, Heitor" sort="Panzeri, Heitor" uniqKey="Panzeri H" first="Heitor" last="Panzeri">Heitor Panzeri</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff04">DDs, MsC, PhD, Full Professor, Dental School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Brésil</country><wicri:regionArea>DDs, MsC, PhD, Full Professor, Dental School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lavrador, Marco Aurelio Sichirolli" sort="Lavrador, Marco Aurelio Sichirolli" uniqKey="Lavrador M" first="Marco Aurélio Sichirolli" last="Lavrador">Marco Aurélio Sichirolli Lavrador</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff05">DDs, MsC, PhD, Associate Professor, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Brésil</country><wicri:regionArea>DDs, MsC, PhD, Associate Professor, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Pires De Souza, Fernanda De Carvalho Panzeri" sort="Pires De Souza, Fernanda De Carvalho Panzeri" uniqKey="Pires De Souza F" first="Fernanda De Carvalho Panzeri" last="Pires-De-Souza">Fernanda De Carvalho Panzeri Pires-De-Souza</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff06">DDs, MsC, PhD, Associate Professor, Dental School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Brésil</country><wicri:regionArea>DDs, MsC, PhD, Associate Professor, Dental School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">Journal of Applied Oral Science</title><idno type="ISSN">1678-7757</idno><idno type="eISSN">1678-7765</idno><imprint><date when="2008">2008</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p>For centuries, specific instruments or regular toothbrushes have routinely been used to remove tongue biofilm and improve breath odor. Toothbrushes with a tongue scraper on the back of their head have recently been introduced to the market. The present study compared the effectiveness of a manual toothbrush with this new design, i.e., possessing a tongue scraper, and a commercial tongue scraper in improving breath odor and reducing the aerobic and anaerobic microbiota of tongue surface. The evaluations occurred at 4 moments, when the participants (n=30) had their halitosis quantified with a halimeter and scored according to a 4-point scoring system corresponding to different levels of intensity. Saliva was collected for counts of aerobic and anaerobic microorganisms. Data were analyzed statistically by Friedman's test (p<0.05). When differences were detected, the Wilcoxon test adjusted for Bonferroni correction was used for multiple comparisons (group to group). The results confirmed the importance of mechanical cleaning of the tongue, since this procedure provided an improvement in halitosis and reduction of aerobe and anaerobe counts. Regarding the evaluated methods, the toothbrush's tongue scraper and conventional tongue scraper had a similar performance in terms of breath improvement and reduction of tongue microbiota, and may be indicated as effective methods for tongue cleaning.</p></div></front><back><div1 type="bibliography"><listBibl><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Asikainen, S" uniqKey="Asikainen S">S Asikainen</name></author><author><name sortKey="Lai, Ch" uniqKey="Lai C">CH Lai</name></author><author><name sortKey="Alaluusua, S" uniqKey="Alaluusua S">S Alaluusua</name></author><author><name sortKey="Slots, J" uniqKey="Slots J">J Slots</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Bosy, A" uniqKey="Bosy A">A Bosy</name></author><author><name sortKey="Kulkarni, Gv" uniqKey="Kulkarni G">GV Kulkarni</name></author><author><name sortKey="Rosenberg, M" uniqKey="Rosenberg M">M Rosenberg</name></author><author><name sortKey="Mcculloch, Cag" uniqKey="Mcculloch 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<front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">J Appl Oral Sci</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="iso-abbrev">J Appl Oral Sci</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title>Journal of Applied Oral Science</journal-title></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1678-7757</issn><issn pub-type="epub">1678-7765</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Faculdade de Odontologia de Bauru da Universidade de São Paulo</publisher-name><publisher-loc>Bauru</publisher-loc></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="pmid">19089259</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="pmc">4327536</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">S1678-77572008000400008</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1590/S1678-77572008000400008</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Original Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>EFFECTIVENESS OF A NEW TOOTHBRUSH DESIGN VERSUS A CONVENTIONAL TONGUE SCRAPER IN IMPROVING BREATH ODOR AND REDUCING TONGUE MICROBIOTA</article-title></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Casemiro</surname><given-names>Luciana Assirati</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff01"><sup>1</sup></xref><xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c01"></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Martins</surname><given-names>Carlos Henrique Gomes</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff02"><sup>2</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>de Carvalho</surname><given-names>Tatiane Cruz</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff03"><sup>3</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Panzeri</surname><given-names>Heitor</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff04"><sup>4</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Lavrador</surname><given-names>Marco Aurélio Sichirolli</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff05"><sup>5</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Pires-De-Souza</surname><given-names>Fernanda de Carvalho Panzeri</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff06"><sup>6</sup></xref></contrib><aff id="aff01"><label>1</label>DDs, MsC, PhD, Professor, Dental School, University of Franca, Franca, SP, Brazil</aff><aff id="aff02"><label>2</label>DDs, MsC, PhD, Professor, Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, University of Franca, Franca, SP, Brazil</aff><aff id="aff03"><label>3</label>DDs, Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, University of Franca, Franca, SP, Brazil</aff><aff id="aff04"><label>4</label>DDs, MsC, PhD, Full Professor, Dental School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil</aff><aff id="aff05"><label>5</label>DDs, MsC, PhD, Associate Professor, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil</aff><aff id="aff06"><label>6</label>DDs, MsC, PhD, Associate Professor, Dental School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil</aff></contrib-group><author-notes><corresp id="c01"><bold>Corresponding address:</bold> Profa. Dra. Luciana Assirati Casemiro, Avenida Caramuru, 2100 ap.901, Ribeirão Preto - SP - 14030-000 - Phone: <phone>+55-16-3620-6716</phone>. Fax: <fax>+55-16-3620-6716</fax> - e-mail: <email>lucianacasemiro@hotmail.com</email></corresp></author-notes><pub-date pub-type="epub-ppub"><month>8</month><year>2008</year></pub-date><pmc-comment>Fake ppub date generated by PMC from publisher
pub-date/@pub-type='epub-ppub' </pmc-comment>
<pub-date pub-type="ppub"><month>8</month><year>2008</year></pub-date><volume>16</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>271</fpage><lpage>274</lpage><history><date date-type="received"><day>13</day><month>4</month><year>2007</year></date><date date-type="rev-recd"><day>03</day><month>9</month><year>2007</year></date><date date-type="accepted"><day>14</day><month>4</month><year>2008</year></date></history><permissions><license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/"><license-p>This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License, which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.</license-p></license></permissions><abstract><p>For centuries, specific instruments or regular toothbrushes have routinely been used to remove tongue biofilm and improve breath odor. Toothbrushes with a tongue scraper on the back of their head have recently been introduced to the market. The present study compared the effectiveness of a manual toothbrush with this new design, i.e., possessing a tongue scraper, and a commercial tongue scraper in improving breath odor and reducing the aerobic and anaerobic microbiota of tongue surface. The evaluations occurred at 4 moments, when the participants (n=30) had their halitosis quantified with a halimeter and scored according to a 4-point scoring system corresponding to different levels of intensity. Saliva was collected for counts of aerobic and anaerobic microorganisms. Data were analyzed statistically by Friedman's test (p<0.05). When differences were detected, the Wilcoxon test adjusted for Bonferroni correction was used for multiple comparisons (group to group). The results confirmed the importance of mechanical cleaning of the tongue, since this procedure provided an improvement in halitosis and reduction of aerobe and anaerobe counts. Regarding the evaluated methods, the toothbrush's tongue scraper and conventional tongue scraper had a similar performance in terms of breath improvement and reduction of tongue microbiota, and may be indicated as effective methods for tongue cleaning.</p></abstract><kwd-group><kwd>Tongue biofilm</kwd><kwd>Tongue scraper</kwd><kwd>Toothbrush</kwd><kwd>Salivary bacterial count</kwd><kwd>Halimeter</kwd></kwd-group><counts><fig-count count="0"></fig-count><table-count count="2"></table-count><equation-count count="0"></equation-count><ref-count count="25"></ref-count><page-count count="4"></page-count></counts></article-meta></front></pmc></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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|texte= EFFECTIVENESS OF A NEW TOOTHBRUSH DESIGN VERSUS A CONVENTIONAL TONGUE SCRAPER IN IMPROVING BREATH ODOR AND REDUCING TONGUE MICROBIOTA
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