Cumulative survival rate and associated risk factors of Implantium implants: A 10-year retrospective clinical study
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Auteurs : Jin-Hong Park [Corée du Sud] ; Young-Soo Kim [Corée du Sud] ; Jae-Jun Ryu [Corée du Sud] ; Sang-Wan Shin [Corée du Sud] ; Jeong-Yol Lee [Corée du Sud]Source :
- The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics [ 2005-7806 ] ; 2017.
Abstract
The objective of this study was to determine the cumulative survival rate (CSR) and associated risk factors of Implantium implants by retrospective clinical study.
Patients who received Implantium implants (Dentium Co., Seoul, Korea) at Korea University Guro Hospital from 2004 to 2011 were included. The period between the first surgery and the last hospital visit until December 2015 was set as the observation period for this study. Clinical and radiographic data were collected from patient records, including all complications observed during the follow-up period. Kaplan-Meier analysis was performed to examine CSR. Multiple Cox proportional hazard model was employed to assess the associations between potential risk factors and CSR.
A total of 370 implants were placed in 121 patients (mean age, 56.1 years; range, 19 to 75 years). Of the 370 implants, 13 failed, including 7 implants that were lost before loading. The 10-year cumulative survival rate of implants was 94.8%. The multiple Cox proportional hazard model revealed that significant risk factor of implant failure were smoking and maxillary implant (
The 10-year CSR of Implantium implants was 94.8%. Risk factors of implant failure were smoking and maxillary implant.
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DOI: 10.4047/jap.2017.9.3.195
PubMed: 28680551
PubMed Central: 5483406
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Dental Research, Korea University Medical Center, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">Corée du Sud</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Preventive Dentistry, Institute for Clinical Dental Research, Korea University Medical Center, Korea University, Seoul</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ryu, Jae Jun" sort="Ryu, Jae Jun" uniqKey="Ryu J" first="Jae-Jun" last="Ryu">Jae-Jun Ryu</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A1">Department of Prosthodontics, Institute for Clinical Dental Research, Korea University Medical Center, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">Corée du Sud</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Prosthodontics, Institute for Clinical Dental Research, Korea University Medical Center, Korea University, Seoul</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Shin, Sang Wan" sort="Shin, Sang Wan" uniqKey="Shin S" first="Sang-Wan" last="Shin">Sang-Wan Shin</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A1">Department of Prosthodontics, Institute for Clinical Dental Research, Korea University Medical Center, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">Corée du Sud</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Prosthodontics, Institute for Clinical Dental Research, Korea University Medical Center, Korea University, Seoul</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lee, Jeong Yol" sort="Lee, Jeong Yol" uniqKey="Lee J" first="Jeong-Yol" last="Lee">Jeong-Yol Lee</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A1">Department of Prosthodontics, Institute for Clinical Dental Research, Korea University Medical Center, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">Corée du Sud</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Prosthodontics, Institute for Clinical Dental Research, 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first="Jin-Hong" last="Park">Jin-Hong Park</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A1">Department of Prosthodontics, Institute for Clinical Dental Research, Korea University Medical Center, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">Corée du Sud</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Prosthodontics, Institute for Clinical Dental Research, Korea University Medical Center, Korea University, Seoul</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kim, Young Soo" sort="Kim, Young Soo" uniqKey="Kim Y" first="Young-Soo" last="Kim">Young-Soo Kim</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A2">Department of Preventive Dentistry, Institute for Clinical Dental Research, Korea University Medical Center, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">Corée du Sud</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Preventive Dentistry, Institute for Clinical Dental Research, Korea University Medical Center, Korea University, Seoul</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ryu, Jae Jun" sort="Ryu, Jae Jun" uniqKey="Ryu J" first="Jae-Jun" last="Ryu">Jae-Jun Ryu</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A1">Department of Prosthodontics, Institute for Clinical Dental Research, Korea University Medical Center, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">Corée du Sud</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Prosthodontics, Institute for Clinical Dental Research, Korea University Medical Center, Korea University, Seoul</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Shin, Sang Wan" sort="Shin, Sang Wan" uniqKey="Shin S" first="Sang-Wan" last="Shin">Sang-Wan Shin</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A1">Department of Prosthodontics, Institute for Clinical Dental Research, Korea University Medical Center, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">Corée du Sud</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Prosthodontics, Institute for Clinical Dental Research, Korea University Medical Center, Korea University, Seoul</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lee, Jeong Yol" sort="Lee, Jeong Yol" uniqKey="Lee J" first="Jeong-Yol" last="Lee">Jeong-Yol Lee</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A1">Department of Prosthodontics, Institute for Clinical Dental Research, Korea University Medical Center, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">Corée du Sud</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Prosthodontics, Institute for Clinical Dental Research, Korea University Medical Center, Korea University, Seoul</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics</title><idno type="ISSN">2005-7806</idno><idno type="eISSN">2005-7814</idno><imprint><date when="2017">2017</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><sec><title>PURPOSE</title><p>The objective of this study was to determine the cumulative survival rate (CSR) and associated risk factors of Implantium implants by retrospective clinical study.</p></sec><sec><title>MATERIALS AND METHODS</title><p>Patients who received Implantium implants (Dentium Co., Seoul, Korea) at Korea University Guro Hospital from 2004 to 2011 were included. The period between the first surgery and the last hospital visit until December 2015 was set as the observation period for this study. Clinical and radiographic data were collected from patient records, including all complications observed during the follow-up period. Kaplan-Meier analysis was performed to examine CSR. Multiple Cox proportional hazard model was employed to assess the associations between potential risk factors and CSR.</p></sec><sec><title>RESULTS</title><p>A total of 370 implants were placed in 121 patients (mean age, 56.1 years; range, 19 to 75 years). Of the 370 implants, 13 failed, including 7 implants that were lost before loading. The 10-year cumulative survival rate of implants was 94.8%. The multiple Cox proportional hazard model revealed that significant risk factor of implant failure were smoking and maxillary implant (<italic>P</italic><.05).</p></sec><sec><title>CONCLUSION</title><p>The 10-year CSR of Implantium implants was 94.8%. 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<front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">J Adv Prosthodont</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="iso-abbrev">J Adv Prosthodont</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">JAP</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title>The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics</journal-title></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2005-7806</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2005-7814</issn><publisher><publisher-name>The Korean Academy of Prosthodontics</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="pmid">28680551</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="pmc">5483406</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.4047/jap.2017.9.3.195</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Original Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Cumulative survival rate and associated risk factors of Implantium implants: A 10-year retrospective clinical study</article-title></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid" authenticated="true">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3220-9912</contrib-id><name><surname>Park</surname><given-names>Jin-Hong</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A1">1</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Kim</surname><given-names>Young-Soo</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A2">2</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid" authenticated="true">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6903-5955</contrib-id><name><surname>Ryu</surname><given-names>Jae-Jun</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A1">1</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid" authenticated="true">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3100-2020</contrib-id><name><surname>Shin</surname><given-names>Sang-Wan</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A1">1</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid" authenticated="true">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6287-2793</contrib-id><name><surname>Lee</surname><given-names>Jeong-Yol</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A1">1</xref></contrib></contrib-group><aff id="A1"><label>1</label>Department of Prosthodontics, Institute for Clinical Dental Research, Korea University Medical Center, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.</aff><aff id="A2"><label>2</label>Department of Preventive Dentistry, Institute for Clinical Dental Research, Korea University Medical Center, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.</aff><author-notes><corresp>Corresponding author: Jeong-Yol Lee. Department of Prosthodontics, Institute for Clinical Dental Research, Korea University Medical Center, Korea University, 148 Gurodong-ro, Guro-gu, Seoul 08308, Republic of Korea. Tel: +82226261922: <email>wddc@korea.ac.kr</email></corresp></author-notes><pub-date pub-type="ppub"><month>6</month><year>2017</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>19</day><month>6</month><year>2017</year></pub-date><volume>9</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>195</fpage><lpage>199</lpage><history><date date-type="received"><day>29</day><month>8</month><year>2016</year></date><date date-type="rev-recd"><day>09</day><month>2</month><year>2017</year></date><date date-type="accepted"><day>21</day><month>3</month><year>2017</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement>© 2017 The Korean Academy of Prosthodontics</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2017</copyright-year><license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/"><license-p>This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0">http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0</ext-link>) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.</license-p></license></permissions><abstract><sec><title>PURPOSE</title><p>The objective of this study was to determine the cumulative survival rate (CSR) and associated risk factors of Implantium implants by retrospective clinical study.</p></sec><sec><title>MATERIALS AND METHODS</title><p>Patients who received Implantium implants (Dentium Co., Seoul, Korea) at Korea University Guro Hospital from 2004 to 2011 were included. The period between the first surgery and the last hospital visit until December 2015 was set as the observation period for this study. Clinical and radiographic data were collected from patient records, including all complications observed during the follow-up period. Kaplan-Meier analysis was performed to examine CSR. Multiple Cox proportional hazard model was employed to assess the associations between potential risk factors and CSR.</p></sec><sec><title>RESULTS</title><p>A total of 370 implants were placed in 121 patients (mean age, 56.1 years; range, 19 to 75 years). Of the 370 implants, 13 failed, including 7 implants that were lost before loading. The 10-year cumulative survival rate of implants was 94.8%. The multiple Cox proportional hazard model revealed that significant risk factor of implant failure were smoking and maxillary implant (<italic>P</italic><.05).</p></sec><sec><title>CONCLUSION</title><p>The 10-year CSR of Implantium implants was 94.8%. Risk factors of implant failure were smoking and maxillary implant.</p></sec></abstract><kwd-group><kwd>Dental implant</kwd><kwd>Survival rate</kwd><kwd>Risk factors</kwd><kwd>Smoking</kwd><kwd>Arch</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><award-group><funding-source><institution-wrap><institution>Korea Health Industry Development Institute</institution><institution-id institution-id-type="CrossRef">http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100003710</institution-id></institution-wrap></funding-source><award-id>HI15C0620</award-id></award-group></funding-group></article-meta></front><floats-group><fig id="F1" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Fig. 1</label><caption><title>Implantium implant (Dentium, Seoul, Korea). (A) Design of implant, (B) microstructure of implant surface (SEM MAG: 3.00 kx).</title></caption><graphic xlink:href="jap-9-195-g001"></graphic></fig><fig id="F2" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Fig. 2</label><caption><title>Cumulative survival rate (CSR) of Implantium implants by Kaplan-Meier method.</title></caption><graphic xlink:href="jap-9-195-g002"></graphic></fig><table-wrap id="T1" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Table 1</label><caption><title>Distribution of implants according to risk factor variables</title></caption><alternatives><graphic xlink:href="jap-9-195-i001"></graphic><table frame="hsides" rules="rows"><col width="20%" span="1"></col><col width="15%" span="1"></col><col width="15%" span="1"></col><col width="20%" span="1"></col><col width="15%" span="1"></col><col width="15%" span="1"></col><thead><tr><th valign="middle" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Variables</th><th valign="middle" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Characteristics</th><th valign="middle" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">No of Implant (failed implant)</th><th valign="middle" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Variable</th><th valign="middle" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Characteristics</th><th valign="middle" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">No of Implant (failed implant)</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="2" colspan="1">Gender</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Male</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">222 (10)</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="2" colspan="1">Additional surgery</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Yes</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">93 (5)</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Female</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">148 (3)</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">No</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">277 (8)</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="2" colspan="1">Age</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">< 65</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">300 (11)</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="4" colspan="1">Abutment</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Ready-made</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">279 (4)</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">≥ 65</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">70 (2)</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Customized</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">51 (2)</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="2" colspan="1">Systemic condition</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Systemic disease<sup>*</sup></td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">93 (4)</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">UCLA</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">17 (0)</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Healthy</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">277 (9)</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Attachment</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">16 (0)</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="2" colspan="1">Smoking</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Current</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">56 (7)</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="5" colspan="1">Prosthesis</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Single crown</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">60 (2)</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">None</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">314 (6)</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Bridge</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">252 (2)</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="2" colspan="1">History of periodontitis</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Yes</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">286 (4)</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Hybrid</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">33 (2)</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">No</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">84 (9)</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">RPD</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">4 (0)</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="2" colspan="1">Jaw</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Maxilla</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">166 (10)</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Overdenture</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">14 (0)</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Mandible</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">204 (3)</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="3" colspan="1">Occlusal material</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Metal/gold</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">270 (5)</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="2" colspan="1">Position</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Anterior</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">71 (3)</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Porcelain</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">63 (1)</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Posterior</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">299 (10)</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Resin</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">30 (0)</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="4" colspan="1">Kennedy classification</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Distal extension</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">219 (4)</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="5" colspan="1">Opposing teeth</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Natural tooth</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">312 (6)</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Natural tooth</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">312 (6)</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">FPD</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">29 (0)</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Tooth bounded</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">103 (5)</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">RPD</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">9 (0)</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Edentulous</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">48 (4)</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">CD</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">8 (0)</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="2" colspan="1">Length of implant</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Short (≤ 8 mm)</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">26 (2)</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Overdenture</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">5 (0)</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Long (> 8 mm)</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">344 (11)</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="3" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="3" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="3" colspan="1"></td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="2" colspan="1">Width of implant</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Regular</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">306 (12)</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Wide (≥ 5 mm)</td><td valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">64 (1)</td></tr></tbody></table></alternatives><table-wrap-foot><fn><p>Systemic disease included diabetes mellitus and/or cardiovascular disease.</p></fn></table-wrap-foot></table-wrap><table-wrap id="T2" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Table 2</label><caption><title>Multivariate associations with cumulative survival rate of implants</title></caption><alternatives><graphic xlink:href="jap-9-195-i002"></graphic><table frame="hsides" rules="rows"><col width="25%" span="1"></col><col width="15%" span="1"></col><col width="15%" span="1"></col><col width="15%" span="1"></col><col width="15%" span="1"></col><col width="15%" span="1"></col><thead><tr><th valign="middle" align="center" rowspan="2" colspan="1"></th><th valign="middle" align="center" rowspan="2" colspan="1">B (regression coefficient)</th><th valign="middle" align="center" rowspan="2" colspan="1"><italic>P</italic> value</th><th valign="middle" align="center" rowspan="2" colspan="1">Exp (B) (hazard ratio)</th><th valign="middle" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="2">Exp (B) 95.0% CI</th></tr><tr><th valign="middle" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Lower</th><th valign="middle" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Upper</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Smoking (current vs none)</td><td valign="top" align="right" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2.012</td><td valign="top" align="right" rowspan="1" colspan="1">.000</td><td valign="top" align="right" rowspan="1" colspan="1">7.478</td><td valign="top" align="right" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2.492</td><td valign="top" align="right" rowspan="1" colspan="1">22.436</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Jaw (maxilla vs mandible)</td><td valign="top" align="right" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.365</td><td valign="top" align="right" rowspan="1" colspan="1">.038</td><td valign="top" align="right" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3.916</td><td valign="top" align="right" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.077</td><td valign="top" align="right" rowspan="1" colspan="1">14.235</td></tr></tbody></table></alternatives><table-wrap-foot><fn><p>Significant difference (<italic>P</italic> < .05).</p></fn></table-wrap-foot></table-wrap></floats-group></pmc></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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