Faculty-supervised measurements of the face and of mandibular movements on young adults
Identifieur interne : 002F02 ( Pmc/Curation ); précédent : 002F01; suivant : 002F03Faculty-supervised measurements of the face and of mandibular movements on young adults
Auteurs : Julian B. Woelfel [États-Unis] ; Takayoshi Igarashi [Japon] ; Jin-Keun Dong [Corée du Sud]Source :
- The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics [ 2005-7806 ] ; 2014.
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to determine the average facial proportions and mandibular movement capacity of 316 first-year dental students who carefully recorded them on each other.
This early exacting clinical experience was closely supervised by the authors in Columbus, Ohio during 1969-70. Five vertical and six horizontal distances were measured on each subject's face. An ala-tragus line and an occlusal line were drawn on the left side of the face to determine if these two lines were parallel. Measurements of mandibular movements involved maximum normal and hinge opening at the incisors and maximum amounts of right, left lateral and protrusive excursions of the mandible.
The ala width and distance between the tips of upper right and left canine cusps averaged (35.2 mm and 34.8 mm) but with very large individual variations. The distance between ala to occlusal plane lines was 29.9 mm at the tragus and 31.3 mm near the ala. The angle between orbitale and ala-tragus averaged 13.6 degrees.
The upper lip length was the most variable and the distance between the pupils was the most stable of the eleven facial measurements. The ala-tragus line and the occlusal plane lines were for all practical purposes parallel. Maximum jaw opening averaged 51.2 mm which was 3.0 times larger than maximal hinge opening of 17.2 mm. The maximum right plus left side jaw excursions (9.2 and 9.4 mm) totaled 18.6 mm, 2.3 times more than the 8.0 mm mean maximum forward protrusion.
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DOI: 10.4047/jap.2014.6.6.483
PubMed: 25551009
PubMed Central: 4279047
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<record><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">Faculty-supervised measurements of the face and of mandibular movements on young adults</title><author><name sortKey="Woelfel, Julian B" sort="Woelfel, Julian B" uniqKey="Woelfel J" first="Julian B." last="Woelfel">Julian B. Woelfel</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A1">Restorative and Prosthetic Dentistry, The Ohio State University College of Dentistry, Columbus, Ohio, USA.</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Restorative and Prosthetic Dentistry, The Ohio State University College of Dentistry, Columbus, Ohio</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Igarashi, Takayoshi" sort="Igarashi, Takayoshi" uniqKey="Igarashi T" first="Takayoshi" last="Igarashi">Takayoshi Igarashi</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A2">Department of Fixed Prosthodontics, Nihon University School of Dentistry, Tokyo, Japan.</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">Japon</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Fixed Prosthodontics, Nihon University School of Dentistry, Tokyo</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Dong, Jin Keun" sort="Dong, Jin Keun" uniqKey="Dong J" first="Jin-Keun" last="Dong">Jin-Keun Dong</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A3">Department of Prosthodontics, Wonkwang University College of Dentistry, Iksan, Korea.</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">Corée du Sud</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Prosthodontics, Wonkwang University College of Dentistry, Iksan</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PMC</idno><idno type="pmid">25551009</idno><idno type="pmc">4279047</idno><idno type="url">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4279047</idno><idno type="RBID">PMC:4279047</idno><idno type="doi">10.4047/jap.2014.6.6.483</idno><date when="2014">2014</date><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Corpus">002F02</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PMC">002F02</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Curation">002F02</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Curation">002F02</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">Faculty-supervised measurements of the face and of mandibular movements on young adults</title><author><name sortKey="Woelfel, Julian B" sort="Woelfel, Julian B" uniqKey="Woelfel J" first="Julian B." last="Woelfel">Julian B. Woelfel</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A1">Restorative and Prosthetic Dentistry, The Ohio State University College of Dentistry, Columbus, Ohio, USA.</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Restorative and Prosthetic Dentistry, The Ohio State University College of Dentistry, Columbus, Ohio</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Igarashi, Takayoshi" sort="Igarashi, Takayoshi" uniqKey="Igarashi T" first="Takayoshi" last="Igarashi">Takayoshi Igarashi</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A2">Department of Fixed Prosthodontics, Nihon University School of Dentistry, Tokyo, Japan.</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">Japon</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Fixed Prosthodontics, Nihon University School of Dentistry, Tokyo</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Dong, Jin Keun" sort="Dong, Jin Keun" uniqKey="Dong J" first="Jin-Keun" last="Dong">Jin-Keun Dong</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A3">Department of Prosthodontics, Wonkwang University College of Dentistry, Iksan, Korea.</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">Corée du Sud</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Prosthodontics, Wonkwang University College of Dentistry, Iksan</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics</title><idno type="ISSN">2005-7806</idno><idno type="eISSN">2005-7814</idno><imprint><date when="2014">2014</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><sec><title>PURPOSE</title><p>The purpose of this study was to determine the average facial proportions and mandibular movement capacity of 316 first-year dental students who carefully recorded them on each other.</p></sec><sec><title>MATERIALS AND METHODS</title><p>This early exacting clinical experience was closely supervised by the authors in Columbus, Ohio during 1969-70. Five vertical and six horizontal distances were measured on each subject's face. An ala-tragus line and an occlusal line were drawn on the left side of the face to determine if these two lines were parallel. Measurements of mandibular movements involved maximum normal and hinge opening at the incisors and maximum amounts of right, left lateral and protrusive excursions of the mandible.</p></sec><sec><title>RESULTS</title><p>The ala width and distance between the tips of upper right and left canine cusps averaged (35.2 mm and 34.8 mm) but with very large individual variations. The distance between ala to occlusal plane lines was 29.9 mm at the tragus and 31.3 mm near the ala. The angle between orbitale and ala-tragus averaged 13.6 degrees.</p></sec><sec><title>CONCLUSION</title><p>The upper lip length was the most variable and the distance between the pupils was the most stable of the eleven facial measurements. The ala-tragus line and the occlusal plane lines were for all practical purposes parallel. Maximum jaw opening averaged 51.2 mm which was 3.0 times larger than maximal hinge opening of 17.2 mm. The maximum right plus left side jaw excursions (9.2 and 9.4 mm) totaled 18.6 mm, 2.3 times more than the 8.0 mm mean maximum forward protrusion.</p></sec></div></front><back><div1 type="bibliography"><listBibl><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Peck, H" uniqKey="Peck H">H Peck</name></author><author><name sortKey="Peck, S" uniqKey="Peck S">S Peck</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="House, Mm" uniqKey="House M">MM House</name></author><author><name sortKey="Loop, Jl" uniqKey="Loop J">JL Loop</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Wehner, Pj" uniqKey="Wehner P">PJ Wehner</name></author><author><name sortKey="Hickey, Jc" uniqKey="Hickey J">JC Hickey</name></author><author><name sortKey="Boucher, Co" uniqKey="Boucher C">CO Boucher</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Lenner, Pr" uniqKey="Lenner P">PR 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<front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">J Adv Prosthodont</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="iso-abbrev">J Adv Prosthodont</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">JAP</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title>The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics</journal-title></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2005-7806</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2005-7814</issn><publisher><publisher-name>The Korean Academy of Prosthodontics</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="pmid">25551009</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="pmc">4279047</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.4047/jap.2014.6.6.483</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Original Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Faculty-supervised measurements of the face and of mandibular movements on young adults</article-title></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Woelfel</surname><given-names>Julian B.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A1">1</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Igarashi</surname><given-names>Takayoshi</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A2">2</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name><surname>Dong</surname><given-names>Jin-Keun</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A3">3</xref></contrib></contrib-group><aff id="A1"><label>1</label>Restorative and Prosthetic Dentistry, The Ohio State University College of Dentistry, Columbus, Ohio, USA.</aff><aff id="A2"><label>2</label>Department of Fixed Prosthodontics, Nihon University School of Dentistry, Tokyo, Japan.</aff><aff id="A3"><label>3</label>Department of Prosthodontics, Wonkwang University College of Dentistry, Iksan, Korea.</aff><author-notes><corresp>Corresponding author: Jin-Keun Dong. Department of Prosthodontics, College of Dentistry, Wonkwang University, 460 Iksandae-ro, Iksan 570-749, Republic of Korea. Tel. 82 63 850 6852: <email>dong@wku.ac.kr</email></corresp></author-notes><pub-date pub-type="ppub"><month>12</month><year>2014</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>17</day><month>12</month><year>2014</year></pub-date><volume>6</volume><issue>6</issue><fpage>483</fpage><lpage>490</lpage><history><date date-type="received"><day>28</day><month>8</month><year>2014</year></date><date date-type="rev-recd"><day>21</day><month>10</month><year>2014</year></date><date date-type="accepted"><day>11</day><month>11</month><year>2014</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement>© 2014 The Korean Academy of Prosthodontics</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2014</copyright-year><license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/"><license-p>This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/">http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/</ext-link>) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.</license-p></license></permissions><abstract><sec><title>PURPOSE</title><p>The purpose of this study was to determine the average facial proportions and mandibular movement capacity of 316 first-year dental students who carefully recorded them on each other.</p></sec><sec><title>MATERIALS AND METHODS</title><p>This early exacting clinical experience was closely supervised by the authors in Columbus, Ohio during 1969-70. Five vertical and six horizontal distances were measured on each subject's face. An ala-tragus line and an occlusal line were drawn on the left side of the face to determine if these two lines were parallel. Measurements of mandibular movements involved maximum normal and hinge opening at the incisors and maximum amounts of right, left lateral and protrusive excursions of the mandible.</p></sec><sec><title>RESULTS</title><p>The ala width and distance between the tips of upper right and left canine cusps averaged (35.2 mm and 34.8 mm) but with very large individual variations. The distance between ala to occlusal plane lines was 29.9 mm at the tragus and 31.3 mm near the ala. The angle between orbitale and ala-tragus averaged 13.6 degrees.</p></sec><sec><title>CONCLUSION</title><p>The upper lip length was the most variable and the distance between the pupils was the most stable of the eleven facial measurements. The ala-tragus line and the occlusal plane lines were for all practical purposes parallel. Maximum jaw opening averaged 51.2 mm which was 3.0 times larger than maximal hinge opening of 17.2 mm. The maximum right plus left side jaw excursions (9.2 and 9.4 mm) totaled 18.6 mm, 2.3 times more than the 8.0 mm mean maximum forward protrusion.</p></sec></abstract><kwd-group><kwd>Measurements of the face</kwd><kwd>Anthropometry</kwd><kwd>Ala-tragus line</kwd><kwd>Occlusal plane</kwd><kwd>Maximum and normal mandibular openings and excursions</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><award-group><funding-source country="KR">Wonkwang University</funding-source></award-group></funding-group></article-meta></front><floats-group><fig id="F1" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Fig. 1</label><caption><p>Landmarks on the face: Trichion (tr) is the point on the hairline in the midline of the forehead, gnathion (gn) is the lowest median landmark on the lower border of the mandible, endocanthion (en) is the point at the inner commissure of the eye fissure, exocanthion (ex) is the outer or lateral eye commisure, (sto) is the imaginary midline point, and cheilion (ch) is the most lateral point on each side of the gently closed lips. Tragions (t) is the notch on the upper margin of the tragus, zygions (zy) is the most lateral point of each zygomatic arch, pupil (p) is the center point of the pupil with the head relaxed and the eyes looking straight forward.</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="jap-6-483-g001"></graphic></fig><fig id="F2" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Fig. 2</label><caption><p>Depicts the four lines drawn on the side of the faces of 316 dental students in order to measure angles (A, B, and C) below the exocanthion to tragus line with a protractor.</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="jap-6-483-g002"></graphic></fig><fig id="F3" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Fig. 3</label><caption><p>Two lines were drawn on the left side of each subject's face: one was continuous with and parallel to the tongue depressor which extended about 25 mm in front of the lips while the subject closed firmly on it. The second line was an ala to tragus line. The distance between these two lines was measured in three places: near the ala, at the midpoint, and near the tragus.</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="jap-6-483-g003"></graphic></fig><fig id="F4" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Fig. 4</label><caption><p>The maximum opening (MO), and hinge opening (HO), was measured between the edges of the upper and lower central incisors using a millimeter ruler with the jaw open. The vertical incisal overlap of the incisors (from dental casts) was added to each mouth measurement in order to include the entire opening distance.</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="jap-6-483-g004"></graphic></fig><fig id="F5" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Fig. 5</label><caption><p>Measuring the maximum protrusive (MP), maximum left (ML), and maximum right (MR), lateral excursions of the mandible. The distance measured in the mouth between the facial surfaces of the opposing teeth was added to the horizontal overlap of these teeth which had previously been measured on casts in order to include the total amount of jaw excursion in each direction.</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="jap-6-483-g005"></graphic></fig><table-wrap id="T1" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Table 1</label><caption><p>Measurements of the face (mm)</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="jap-6-483-i001"></graphic></table-wrap><table-wrap id="T2" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Table 2</label><caption><p>Angles below the tragus to exocanthion line</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="jap-6-483-i002"></graphic></table-wrap><table-wrap id="T3" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Table 3</label><caption><p>Distances between Camper's line and occlusal plane line on the face (mm)</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="jap-6-483-i003"></graphic></table-wrap><table-wrap id="T4" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Table 4</label><caption><p>Measurements of tooth overlaps and of maximum mandibular movements (mm)</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="jap-6-483-i004"></graphic></table-wrap></floats-group></pmc></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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