Ag-plasma modification enhances bone apposition around titanium dental implants: an animal study in Labrador dogs
Identifieur interne : 002E44 ( Pmc/Curation ); précédent : 002E43; suivant : 002E45Ag-plasma modification enhances bone apposition around titanium dental implants: an animal study in Labrador dogs
Auteurs : Shichong Qiao [République populaire de Chine] ; Huiliang Cao [République populaire de Chine] ; Xu Zhao [République populaire de Chine] ; Hueiwen Lo [République populaire de Chine] ; Longfei Zhuang [République populaire de Chine] ; Yingxin Gu [République populaire de Chine] ; Junyu Shi [République populaire de Chine] ; Xuanyong Liu [République populaire de Chine] ; Hongchang Lai [République populaire de Chine]Source :
- International Journal of Nanomedicine [ 1176-9114 ] ; 2015.
Abstract
Dental implants with proper antibacterial ability as well as ideal osseointegration are being actively pursued. The antimicrobial ability of titanium implants can be significantly enhanced via modification with silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs). However, the high mobility of Ag NPs results in their potential cytotoxicity. The silver plasma immersion ion-implantation (Ag-PIII) technique may remedy the defect. Accordingly, Ag-PIII technique was employed in this study in an attempt to reduce the mobility of Ag NPs and enhance osseointegration of sandblasted and acid-etched (SLA) dental implants. Briefly, 48 dental implants, divided equally into one control and three test groups (further treated by Ag-PIII technique with three different implantation parameters), were inserted in the mandibles of six Labrador dogs. Scanning electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry were used to investigate the surface topography, chemical states, and silver release of SLA- and Ag-PIII-treated titanium dental implants. The implant stability quotient examination, Microcomputed tomography evaluation, histological observations, and histomorphometric analysis were performed to assess the osseointegration effect in vivo. The results demonstrated that normal soft tissue healing around dental implants was observed in all the groups, whereas the implant stability quotient values in Ag-PIII groups were higher than that in the SLA group. In addition, all the Ag-PIII groups, compared to the SLA-group, exhibited enhanced new bone formation, bone mineral density, and trabecular pattern. With regard to osteogenic indicators, the implants treated with Ag-PIII for 30 minutes and 60 minutes, with the diameter of the Ag NPs ranging from 5–25 nm, were better than those treated with Ag-PIII for 90 minutes, with the Ag NPs diameter out of that range. These results suggest that Ag-PIII technique can reduce the mobility of Ag NPs and enhance the osseointegration of SLA surfaces and have the potential for future use.
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DOI: 10.2147/IJN.S73467
PubMed: 25609967
PubMed Central: 4298332
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<record><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">Ag-plasma modification enhances bone apposition around titanium dental implants: an animal study in Labrador dogs</title><author><name sortKey="Qiao, Shichong" sort="Qiao, Shichong" uniqKey="Qiao S" first="Shichong" last="Qiao">Shichong Qiao</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af1-ijn-10-653">Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Implantology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Implantology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Cao, Huiliang" sort="Cao, Huiliang" uniqKey="Cao H" first="Huiliang" last="Cao">Huiliang Cao</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af2-ijn-10-653">State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Zhao, Xu" sort="Zhao, Xu" uniqKey="Zhao X" first="Xu" last="Zhao">Xu Zhao</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af1-ijn-10-653">Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Implantology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Implantology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lo, Hueiwen" sort="Lo, Hueiwen" uniqKey="Lo H" first="Hueiwen" last="Lo">Hueiwen Lo</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af1-ijn-10-653">Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Implantology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Implantology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Zhuang, Longfei" sort="Zhuang, Longfei" uniqKey="Zhuang L" first="Longfei" last="Zhuang">Longfei Zhuang</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af1-ijn-10-653">Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Implantology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Implantology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gu, Yingxin" sort="Gu, Yingxin" uniqKey="Gu Y" first="Yingxin" last="Gu">Yingxin Gu</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af1-ijn-10-653">Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Implantology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Implantology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Shi, Junyu" sort="Shi, Junyu" uniqKey="Shi J" first="Junyu" last="Shi">Junyu Shi</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af1-ijn-10-653">Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Implantology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Implantology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Liu, Xuanyong" sort="Liu, Xuanyong" uniqKey="Liu X" first="Xuanyong" last="Liu">Xuanyong Liu</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af2-ijn-10-653">State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lai, Hongchang" sort="Lai, Hongchang" uniqKey="Lai H" first="Hongchang" last="Lai">Hongchang Lai</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af1-ijn-10-653">Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Implantology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Implantology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PMC</idno><idno type="pmid">25609967</idno><idno type="pmc">4298332</idno><idno type="url">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4298332</idno><idno type="RBID">PMC:4298332</idno><idno type="doi">10.2147/IJN.S73467</idno><date when="2015">2015</date><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Corpus">002E44</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PMC">002E44</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Curation">002E44</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Curation">002E44</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">Ag-plasma modification enhances bone apposition around titanium dental implants: an animal study in Labrador dogs</title><author><name sortKey="Qiao, Shichong" sort="Qiao, Shichong" uniqKey="Qiao S" first="Shichong" last="Qiao">Shichong Qiao</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af1-ijn-10-653">Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Implantology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Implantology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Cao, Huiliang" sort="Cao, Huiliang" uniqKey="Cao H" first="Huiliang" last="Cao">Huiliang Cao</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af2-ijn-10-653">State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Zhao, Xu" sort="Zhao, Xu" uniqKey="Zhao X" first="Xu" last="Zhao">Xu Zhao</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af1-ijn-10-653">Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Implantology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Implantology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lo, Hueiwen" sort="Lo, Hueiwen" uniqKey="Lo H" first="Hueiwen" last="Lo">Hueiwen Lo</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af1-ijn-10-653">Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Implantology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Implantology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Zhuang, Longfei" sort="Zhuang, Longfei" uniqKey="Zhuang L" first="Longfei" last="Zhuang">Longfei Zhuang</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af1-ijn-10-653">Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Implantology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Implantology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gu, Yingxin" sort="Gu, Yingxin" uniqKey="Gu Y" first="Yingxin" last="Gu">Yingxin Gu</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af1-ijn-10-653">Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Implantology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Implantology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Shi, Junyu" sort="Shi, Junyu" uniqKey="Shi J" first="Junyu" last="Shi">Junyu Shi</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af1-ijn-10-653">Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Implantology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Implantology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Liu, Xuanyong" sort="Liu, Xuanyong" uniqKey="Liu X" first="Xuanyong" last="Liu">Xuanyong Liu</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af2-ijn-10-653">State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lai, Hongchang" sort="Lai, Hongchang" uniqKey="Lai H" first="Hongchang" last="Lai">Hongchang Lai</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af1-ijn-10-653">Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Implantology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Implantology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">International Journal of Nanomedicine</title><idno type="ISSN">1176-9114</idno><idno type="eISSN">1178-2013</idno><imprint><date when="2015">2015</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p>Dental implants with proper antibacterial ability as well as ideal osseointegration are being actively pursued. The antimicrobial ability of titanium implants can be significantly enhanced via modification with silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs). However, the high mobility of Ag NPs results in their potential cytotoxicity. The silver plasma immersion ion-implantation (Ag-PIII) technique may remedy the defect. Accordingly, Ag-PIII technique was employed in this study in an attempt to reduce the mobility of Ag NPs and enhance osseointegration of sandblasted and acid-etched (SLA) dental implants. Briefly, 48 dental implants, divided equally into one control and three test groups (further treated by Ag-PIII technique with three different implantation parameters), were inserted in the mandibles of six Labrador dogs. Scanning electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry were used to investigate the surface topography, chemical states, and silver release of SLA- and Ag-PIII-treated titanium dental implants. The implant stability quotient examination, Microcomputed tomography evaluation, histological observations, and histomorphometric analysis were performed to assess the osseointegration effect in vivo. The results demonstrated that normal soft tissue healing around dental implants was observed in all the groups, whereas the implant stability quotient values in Ag-PIII groups were higher than that in the SLA group. In addition, all the Ag-PIII groups, compared to the SLA-group, exhibited enhanced new bone formation, bone mineral density, and trabecular pattern. With regard to osteogenic indicators, the implants treated with Ag-PIII for 30 minutes and 60 minutes, with the diameter of the Ag NPs ranging from 5–25 nm, were better than those treated with Ag-PIII for 90 minutes, with the Ag NPs diameter out of that range. These results suggest that Ag-PIII technique can reduce the mobility of Ag NPs and enhance the osseointegration of SLA surfaces and have the potential for future use.</p></div></front><back><div1 type="bibliography"><listBibl><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Agarwal, A" uniqKey="Agarwal A">A Agarwal</name></author><author><name sortKey="Weis, Tl" uniqKey="Weis T">TL Weis</name></author><author><name sortKey="Schurr, Mj" uniqKey="Schurr M">MJ Schurr</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Martinez, A" uniqKey="Martinez A">A Martinez</name></author><author><name sortKey="Guitian, F" uniqKey="Guitian F">F Guitián</name></author><author><name sortKey="L Pez Piriz, R" uniqKey="L Pez Piriz R">R López-Píriz</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Zhao, L" uniqKey="Zhao L">L Zhao</name></author><author><name sortKey="Wang, H" uniqKey="Wang H">H Wang</name></author><author><name sortKey="Huo, K" 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<front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Int J Nanomedicine</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="iso-abbrev">Int J Nanomedicine</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">International Journal of Nanomedicine</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title>International Journal of Nanomedicine</journal-title></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1176-9114</issn><issn pub-type="epub">1178-2013</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Dove Medical Press</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="pmid">25609967</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="pmc">4298332</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.2147/IJN.S73467</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">ijn-10-653</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Original Research</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Ag-plasma modification enhances bone apposition around titanium dental implants: an animal study in Labrador dogs</article-title></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Qiao</surname><given-names>Shichong</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="af1-ijn-10-653">1</xref><xref ref-type="author-notes" rid="fn1-ijn-10-653">*</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Cao</surname><given-names>Huiliang</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="af2-ijn-10-653">2</xref><xref ref-type="author-notes" rid="fn1-ijn-10-653">*</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Zhao</surname><given-names>Xu</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="af1-ijn-10-653">1</xref><xref ref-type="author-notes" rid="fn1-ijn-10-653">*</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Lo</surname><given-names>Hueiwen</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="af1-ijn-10-653">1</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Zhuang</surname><given-names>Longfei</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="af1-ijn-10-653">1</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Gu</surname><given-names>Yingxin</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="af1-ijn-10-653">1</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Shi</surname><given-names>Junyu</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="af1-ijn-10-653">1</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Liu</surname><given-names>Xuanyong</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="af2-ijn-10-653">2</xref><xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c2-ijn-10-653"></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Lai</surname><given-names>Hongchang</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="af1-ijn-10-653">1</xref><xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c1-ijn-10-653"></xref></contrib></contrib-group><aff id="af1-ijn-10-653"><label>1</label>Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Implantology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China</aff><aff id="af2-ijn-10-653"><label>2</label>State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China</aff><author-notes><corresp id="c1-ijn-10-653">Correspondence: Hongchang Lai, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Implantology, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai 200011, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86 21 2327 1699 ext 5298, Fax +86 21 5307 3068, Email <email>lhc9@hotmail.com</email></corresp><corresp id="c2-ijn-10-653">Xuanyong Liu, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No 1295 Ding-xi Road, Shanghai 200050, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86 21 5241 2409, Fax +86 21 5241 2409, Email <email>xyliu@mail.sic.ac.cn</email></corresp><fn id="fn1-ijn-10-653"><p>*These authors contributed equally to this work</p></fn></author-notes><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2015</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>14</day><month>1</month><year>2015</year></pub-date><volume>10</volume><fpage>653</fpage><lpage>664</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>© 2015 Qiao et al. This work is published by Dove Medical Press Limited, and licensed under Creative Commons Attribution – Non Commercial (unported, v3.0) License</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2015</copyright-year><license><license-p>The full terms of the License are available at <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/">http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/</ext-link>. Non-commercial uses of the work are permitted without any further permission from Dove Medical Press Limited, provided the work is properly attributed.</license-p></license></permissions><abstract><p>Dental implants with proper antibacterial ability as well as ideal osseointegration are being actively pursued. The antimicrobial ability of titanium implants can be significantly enhanced via modification with silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs). However, the high mobility of Ag NPs results in their potential cytotoxicity. The silver plasma immersion ion-implantation (Ag-PIII) technique may remedy the defect. Accordingly, Ag-PIII technique was employed in this study in an attempt to reduce the mobility of Ag NPs and enhance osseointegration of sandblasted and acid-etched (SLA) dental implants. Briefly, 48 dental implants, divided equally into one control and three test groups (further treated by Ag-PIII technique with three different implantation parameters), were inserted in the mandibles of six Labrador dogs. Scanning electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry were used to investigate the surface topography, chemical states, and silver release of SLA- and Ag-PIII-treated titanium dental implants. The implant stability quotient examination, Microcomputed tomography evaluation, histological observations, and histomorphometric analysis were performed to assess the osseointegration effect in vivo. The results demonstrated that normal soft tissue healing around dental implants was observed in all the groups, whereas the implant stability quotient values in Ag-PIII groups were higher than that in the SLA group. In addition, all the Ag-PIII groups, compared to the SLA-group, exhibited enhanced new bone formation, bone mineral density, and trabecular pattern. With regard to osteogenic indicators, the implants treated with Ag-PIII for 30 minutes and 60 minutes, with the diameter of the Ag NPs ranging from 5–25 nm, were better than those treated with Ag-PIII for 90 minutes, with the Ag NPs diameter out of that range. These results suggest that Ag-PIII technique can reduce the mobility of Ag NPs and enhance the osseointegration of SLA surfaces and have the potential for future use.</p></abstract><kwd-group><title>Keywords</title><kwd>surface modification</kwd><kwd>micro/nanostructure</kwd><kwd>silver</kwd><kwd>ion implantation</kwd><kwd>osseointegration</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><floats-group><fig id="f1-ijn-10-653" position="float"><label>Figure 1</label><caption><p>SEM photographs of (<bold>A</bold>) the untreated SLA surface and higher magnification image inserted, (<bold>B</bold>) 30 min-30 Ag PIII, (<bold>C</bold>) 60 min-30 Ag PIII, (<bold>D</bold>) 90 min-30 Ag PIII.</p><p><bold>Notes:</bold> (<bold>A</bold>) Particles around 15 nm scattered in particles around 5 nm; (<bold>B</bold>) particles with sizes around 10-25 nm; (<bold>C</bold>) particles fused together. The peak of the particle size is greater than 40 nm.</p><p><bold>Abbreviations:</bold> Ag-PIII, silver plasma immersion ion implantation; SEM, scanning electron microscopy; SLA, titanium surfaces treated by sandblasting with large grit and acid etching procedure; 30 min-30 Ag PIII, titanium surfaces treated by first SLA procedure and then silver plasma immersion ion implantation at 30 kV for 30 minutes; 60 min-30 Ag PIII, titanium surfaces treated by first SLA procedure and then silver plasma immersion ion implantation at 30 kV for 60 minutes; 90 min-30 Ag PIII, titanium surfaces treated by first SLA procedure and then silver plasma immersion ion implantation at 30 kV for 90 minutes.</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="ijn-10-653Fig1"></graphic></fig><fig id="f2-ijn-10-653" position="float"><label>Figure 2</label><caption><p>The typical XPS spectra of four different groups.</p><p><bold>Notes:</bold> The yellow arrow indicates the Ag 3d doublet two peaks.</p><p><bold>Abbreviations:</bold> Ag-PIII, silver plasma immersion ion implantation; SLA, titanium surfaces treated by sandblasting with large grit and acid etching procedure; XPS, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy; 30 min-30 Ag PIII, titanium surfaces treated by first SLA procedure and then silver plasma immersion ion implantation at 30 kV for 30 minutes; 60 min-30 Ag PIII, titanium surfaces treated by first SLA procedure and then silver plasma immersion ion implantation at 30 kV for 60 minutes; 90 min- 30 Ag PIII, titanium surfaces treated by first SLA procedure and then silver plasma immersion ion implantation at 30 kV for 90 minutes.</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="ijn-10-653Fig2"></graphic></fig><fig id="f3-ijn-10-653" position="float"><label>Figure 3</label><caption><p>The relative Ag 3d XPS spectrum.</p><p><bold>Notes:</bold> The peaks can be indexed to the typical binding energies for Ag 3d3/2 and Ag 3d5/2 in TiO2, respectively.</p><p><bold>Abbreviations:</bold> Ag-PIII, silver plasma immersion ion implantation; SLA, titanium surfaces treated by sandblasting with large grit and acid etching procedure; TiO2, titanium dioxide; XPS, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy; 30 min-30 Ag PIII, titanium surfaces treated by first SLA procedure and then silver plasma immersion ion implantation at 30 kV for 30 minutes; 60 min-30 Ag PIII, titanium surfaces treated by first SLA procedure and then silver plasma immersion ion implantation at 30 kV for 60 minutes; 90 min-30 Ag PIII, titanium surfaces treated by first SLA procedure and then silver plasma immersion ion implantation at 30 kV for 90 minutes.</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="ijn-10-653Fig3"></graphic></fig><fig id="f4-ijn-10-653" position="float"><label>Figure 4</label><caption><p>Clinical photograph and the corresponding radiograph at 12 weeks postsurgery.</p><p><bold>Notes:</bold> The four implant sites healed unsubmerged. The peri-implant soft tissues showed no clinical signs of overt inflammation. The radiograph picture showed good osseointegration.</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="ijn-10-653Fig4"></graphic></fig><fig id="f5-ijn-10-653" position="float"><label>Figure 5</label><caption><p>Radiography and micro-CT evaluation of the bone tissue around dental implants at 12 weeks after implantation.</p><p><bold>Notes:</bold> Control group (SLA), 30 min-30 Ag PIII treated group, 60 min-30 Ag PIII treated group, 90 min-30 Ag PIII treated group (<bold>A</bold>–<bold>E</bold> from left to right). Representative photographs showed obviously more mineralized tissue formed in the Ag PIII groups than the control (<bold>A</bold>). The BMD, BV/TV, Tb.Th, Tb.N of the bone volume adjacent to the implant surface were quantified (<bold>B</bold>–<bold>E</bold> respectively); *<italic>P</italic><0.01 versus the control SLA group; **<italic>P</italic><0.05 versus the control SLA group; <sup>##</sup><italic>P</italic><0.01 versus the 90 min-30 Ag PIII group.</p><p><bold>Abbreviations:</bold> Ag-PIII, silver plasma immersion ion implantation; BMD, bone mineral density; BV/TV, bone volume/total volume; CT, computed tomography; SLA, titanium surfaces treated by sandblasting with large grit and acid etching procedure; Tb.N, trabecular number; Tb.Th, trabecular thickness; 30 min-30 Ag PIII, titanium surfaces treated by first SLA procedure and then silver plasma immersion ion implantation at 30 kV for 30 minutes; 60 min-30 Ag PIII, titanium surfaces treated by first SLA procedure and then silver plasma immersion ion implantation at 30 kV for 60 minutes; 90 min-30 Ag PIII, titanium surfaces treated by first SLA procedure and then silver plasma immersion ion implantation at 30 kV for 90 minutes.</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="ijn-10-653Fig5"></graphic></fig><fig id="f6-ijn-10-653" position="float"><label>Figure 6</label><caption><p>Histological pictures demonstrating the landmarks which were used for the assessment of linear distance for the soft tissue.</p><p><bold>Notes:</bold> Control group (SLA), 30 min-30 Ag PIII treated group, 60 min-30 Ag PIII treated group, 90 min-30 Ag PIII treated group (from left to right). No significant difference was observed.</p><p><bold>Abbreviations:</bold> Ag-PIII, silver plasma immersion ion implantation; aJE, apical termination of the junctional epithelium; B, marginal bone crest; PM, peri-implant mucosa margin; SLA, titanium surfaces treated by sandblasting with large grit and acid etching procedure; 30 min-30 Ag PIII, titanium surfaces treated by first SLA procedure and then silver plasma immersion ion implantation at 30 kV for 30 minutes; 60 min-30 Ag PIII, titanium surfaces treated by first SLA procedure and then silver plasma immersion ion implantation at 30 kV for 60 minutes; 90 min- 30 Ag PIII, titanium surfaces treated by first SLA procedure and then silver plasma immersion ion implantation at 30 kV for 90 minutes.</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="ijn-10-653Fig6"></graphic></fig><fig id="f7-ijn-10-653" position="float"><label>Figure 7</label><caption><p>Histological observations and histomorphometric measurements.</p><p><bold>Notes:</bold> Histological sections stained with van Gieson’s picro fuchsin, from left to right, SLA group, 30 min-30 Ag PIII, 60 min-30 Ag PIII, 90 min-30 Ag PIII (<bold>A</bold>); The area of interest for the analysis of bone density within the threads (<bold>A</bold>, the green rectangle area); The BDWT and BIC of the bone volume adjacent to the implant surface were quantified (<bold>B</bold> and <bold>C</bold>); *<italic>P</italic><0.01 versus the control SLA group; **<italic>P</italic><0.05 versus the control SLA group; <sup>##</sup><italic>P</italic><0.01 versus the 90 min-30 Ag PIII group.</p><p><bold>Abbreviations:</bold> Ag-PIII, silver plasma immersion ion implantation; BDWT, bone density within the threads; BIC, bone to implant contact; SLA, titanium surfaces treated by sandblasting with large grit and acid etching procedure; 30 min-30 Ag PIII, titanium surfaces treated by first SLA procedure and then silver plasma immersion ion implantation at 30 kV for 30 minutes; 60 min-30 Ag PIII, titanium surfaces treated by first SLA procedure and then silver plasma immersion ion implantation at 30 kV for 60 minutes; 90 min-30 Ag PIII, titanium surfaces treated by first SLA procedure and then silver plasma immersion ion implantation at 30 kV for 90 minutes.</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="ijn-10-653Fig7"></graphic></fig><table-wrap id="t1-ijn-10-653" position="float"><label>Table 1</label><caption><p>Details of the Ag-PIII parameters for the samples involved</p></caption><table frame="hsides" rules="groups"><thead><tr><th valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Groups</th><th valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Samples</th><th valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Ag-PIII parameters</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Test group 1</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">30 min-30 Ag PIII</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Bias voltage 30 kV, duration 0.5 h</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Test group 2</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">60 min-30 Ag PIII</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Bias voltage 30 kV, duration 1.0 h</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Test group 3</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">90 min-30 Ag PIII</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Bias voltage 30 kV, duration 1.5 h</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Control group</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">SLA</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">N/A</td></tr></tbody></table><table-wrap-foot><fn id="tfn1-ijn-10-653"><p><bold>Abbreviations:</bold> Ag-PIII, silver plasma immersion ion implantation; N/A, not available; SLA, titanium surfaces treated by sandblasting with large grit and acid etching procedure; 30 min-30 Ag PIII, titanium surfaces treated by first SLA procedure and then silver plasma immersion ion implantation at 30 kV for 30 minutes; 60 min-30 Ag PIII, titanium surfaces treated by first SLA procedure and then silver plasma immersion ion implantation at 30 kV for 60 minutes; 90 min-30 Ag PIII, titanium surfaces treated by first SLA procedure and then silver plasma immersion ion implantation at 30 kV for 90 minutes.</p></fn></table-wrap-foot></table-wrap><table-wrap id="t2-ijn-10-653" position="float"><label>Table 2</label><caption><p>Results from the soft tissue histometric measurements (mm)</p></caption><table frame="hsides" rules="groups"><thead><tr><th valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></th><th valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">PM-aJE</th><th valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">aJE-B</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">SLA</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2.48±0.57</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.33±0.20</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">30 min-30 Ag PIII</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2.27±0.42</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.34±0.43</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">60 min-30 Ag PIII</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2.27±0.43</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.27±0.26</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">90 min-30 Ag PIII</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2.36±0.36</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.28±0.23</td></tr></tbody></table><table-wrap-foot><fn id="tfn2-ijn-10-653"><p><bold>Notes:</bold> PM-aJE, distance between PM and aJE; aJE-B, distance between aJE and B. No statistical differences can be found among the groups.</p></fn><fn id="tfn3-ijn-10-653"><p><bold>Abbreviations:</bold> Ag-PIII, silver plasma immersion ion implantation; aJE, apical termination of the junctional epithelium; B, marginal bone crest; PM, peri-implant mucosa margin; SLA, titanium surfaces treated by sandblasting with large grit and acid etching procedure; 30 min-30 Ag PIII, titanium surfaces treated by first SLA procedure and then silver plasma immersion ion implantation at 30 kV for 30 minutes; 60 min-30 Ag PIII, titanium surfaces treated by first SLA procedure and then silver plasma immersion ion implantation at 30 kV for 60 minutes; 90 min-30 Ag PIII, titanium surfaces treated by first SLA procedure and then silver plasma immersion ion implantation at 30 kV for 90 minutes.</p></fn></table-wrap-foot></table-wrap></floats-group></pmc></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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