Platelet Rich Fibrin (P.R.F.) in Reconstructive Surgery of Atrophied Maxillary Bones: Clinical and Histological Evaluations
Identifieur interne : 002E38 ( Pmc/Curation ); précédent : 002E37; suivant : 002E39Platelet Rich Fibrin (P.R.F.) in Reconstructive Surgery of Atrophied Maxillary Bones: Clinical and Histological Evaluations
Auteurs : Marco Tatullo [Italie] ; Massimo Marrelli [Italie] ; Michele Cassetta [Italie] ; Andrea Pacifici [Italie] ; Luigi Vito Stefanelli [Italie] ; Salvatore Scacco [Italie] ; Gianna Dipalma [Italie] ; Luciano Pacifici [Italie] ; Francesco Inchingolo [Italie]Source :
- International Journal of Medical Sciences [ 1449-1907 ] ; 2012.
Abstract
Aim of the present study is to investigate, clinically and histologically, the potential use of PRF, associated with deproteinized bovine bone (Bio-Oss), as
We want to underline how the histological results proved that the samples collected after 106 days (Early protocol) with the adding of PRF were constituted by lamellar bone tissue with an interposed stroma that appeared relaxed and richly vascularized.
Url:
DOI: 10.7150/ijms.5119
PubMed: 23155361
PubMed Central: 3498752
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<sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">Platelet Rich Fibrin (P.R.F.) in Reconstructive Surgery of Atrophied Maxillary Bones: Clinical and Histological Evaluations</title>
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<author><name sortKey="Inchingolo, Francesco" sort="Inchingolo, Francesco" uniqKey="Inchingolo F" first="Francesco" last="Inchingolo">Francesco Inchingolo</name>
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<series><title level="j">International Journal of Medical Sciences</title>
<idno type="eISSN">1449-1907</idno>
<imprint><date when="2012">2012</date>
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<front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p><bold>Introduction.</bold>
Maxillary bone losses often require additional regenerative procedures: as a supplement to the procedures of tissue regeneration, a platelet concentrate called PRF (<italic>Platelet Rich Fibrin</italic>
) was tested for the first time in France by Dr. Choukroun.</p>
<p>Aim of the present study is to investigate, clinically and histologically, the potential use of PRF, associated with deproteinized bovine bone (Bio-Oss), as <italic>grafting materials</italic>
in pre-implantology sinus grafting of severe maxillary atrophy, in comparison with a control group, in which only deproteinized bovine bone (Bio-Oss) was used as reconstructive material.</p>
<p><bold>Materials and Methods.</bold>
60 patients were recruited using the <italic>cluster-sampling </italic>
method; inclusion criteria were maxillary atrophy with residual ridge < 5mm. The major atrophies in selected patients involved <italic>sinus-lift</italic>
, with a <italic>second-look</italic>
reopening for the implant insertion phase. The used <italic>grafting materials </italic>
were: a) Bio-Oss and b) amorphous and membranous PRF together with Bio-Oss. We performed all operations by means of piezosurgery in order to reduce trauma and to optimize the design of the operculum on the cortical bone. The reopening of the surgical area was scheduled at 3 different times.</p>
<p><bold>Results.</bold>
72 sinus lifts were performed with subsequent implants insertions.</p>
<p>We want to underline how the histological results proved that the samples collected after 106 days (Early protocol) with the adding of PRF were constituted by lamellar bone tissue with an interposed stroma that appeared relaxed and richly vascularized.</p>
<p><bold>Conclusions.</bold>
The use of PRF and <italic>piezosurgery</italic>
reduced the healing time, compared to the 150 days described in literature, favoring optimal bone regeneration. At 106 days, it is already possible to achieve good primary stability of endosseous implants, though lacking of functional loading.</p>
</div>
</front>
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<pmc article-type="research-article"><pmc-dir>properties open_access</pmc-dir>
<front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Int J Med Sci</journal-id>
<journal-id journal-id-type="iso-abbrev">Int J Med Sci</journal-id>
<journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">ijms</journal-id>
<journal-title-group><journal-title>International Journal of Medical Sciences</journal-title>
</journal-title-group>
<issn pub-type="epub">1449-1907</issn>
<publisher><publisher-name>Ivyspring International Publisher</publisher-name>
<publisher-loc>Sydney</publisher-loc>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="pmid">23155361</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="pmc">3498752</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.7150/ijms.5119</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">ijmsv09p0872</article-id>
<article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Paper</subject>
</subj-group>
</article-categories>
<title-group><article-title>Platelet Rich Fibrin (P.R.F.) in Reconstructive Surgery of Atrophied Maxillary Bones: Clinical and Histological Evaluations</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Tatullo</surname>
<given-names>Marco</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A1">1</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A2">2</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A3">3</xref>
<xref ref-type="author-notes" rid="FNA_star">*</xref>
<xref ref-type="corresp" rid="FNA_envelop">✉</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Marrelli</surname>
<given-names>Massimo</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A2">2</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A3">3</xref>
<xref ref-type="author-notes" rid="FNA_star">*</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Cassetta</surname>
<given-names>Michele</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A4">4</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Pacifici</surname>
<given-names>Andrea</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A4">4</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Stefanelli</surname>
<given-names>Luigi Vito</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A4">4</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Scacco</surname>
<given-names>Salvatore</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A1">1</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Dipalma</surname>
<given-names>Gianna</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A2">2</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Pacifici</surname>
<given-names>Luciano</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A4">4</xref>
<xref ref-type="author-notes" rid="FNA_star">*</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Inchingolo</surname>
<given-names>Francesco</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A2">2</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A5">5</xref>
<xref ref-type="author-notes" rid="FNA_star">*</xref>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="A1">1. Dept. of Basic Medical Science, University of Bari, Italy;</aff>
<aff id="A2">2. Unit of Maxillofacial Surgery, Calabrodental clinic, Crotone, Italy;</aff>
<aff id="A3">3. Tecnologica, Research Institute in Regenerative Medicine, Crotone, Italy;</aff>
<aff id="A4">4. Department of Oral and Maxillofacial sciences, University of Rome "Sapienza", Italy;</aff>
<aff id="A5">5. Department of Dental Sciences and Surgery, University of Bari, Italy.</aff>
<author-notes><corresp id="FNA_envelop">✉ Corresponding author: Dr. Marco Tatullo DDS, PhDs. Tecnologica Research Institute, Crotone, Italy. St. E. Fermi, Crotone, Italy. Dept. of Basic Medical Sciences - University of Bari - Bari, Italy. P.ce G. Cesare, 70100 Bari, Italy.</corresp>
<fn fn-type="equal" id="FNA_star"><p>* These Authors contributed equally to this work.</p>
</fn>
<fn fn-type="conflict"><p>Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interest exists.</p>
</fn>
</author-notes>
<pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2012</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>7</day>
<month>11</month>
<year>2012</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>9</volume>
<issue>10</issue>
<fpage>872</fpage>
<lpage>880</lpage>
<history><date date-type="received"><day>28</day>
<month>8</month>
<year>2012</year>
</date>
<date date-type="accepted"><day>17</day>
<month>10</month>
<year>2012</year>
</date>
</history>
<permissions><copyright-statement>© Ivyspring International Publisher. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/). Reproduction is permitted for personal, noncommercial use, provided that the article is in whole, unmodified, and properly cited.</copyright-statement>
<copyright-year>2012</copyright-year>
</permissions>
<abstract><p><bold>Introduction.</bold>
Maxillary bone losses often require additional regenerative procedures: as a supplement to the procedures of tissue regeneration, a platelet concentrate called PRF (<italic>Platelet Rich Fibrin</italic>
) was tested for the first time in France by Dr. Choukroun.</p>
<p>Aim of the present study is to investigate, clinically and histologically, the potential use of PRF, associated with deproteinized bovine bone (Bio-Oss), as <italic>grafting materials</italic>
in pre-implantology sinus grafting of severe maxillary atrophy, in comparison with a control group, in which only deproteinized bovine bone (Bio-Oss) was used as reconstructive material.</p>
<p><bold>Materials and Methods.</bold>
60 patients were recruited using the <italic>cluster-sampling </italic>
method; inclusion criteria were maxillary atrophy with residual ridge < 5mm. The major atrophies in selected patients involved <italic>sinus-lift</italic>
, with a <italic>second-look</italic>
reopening for the implant insertion phase. The used <italic>grafting materials </italic>
were: a) Bio-Oss and b) amorphous and membranous PRF together with Bio-Oss. We performed all operations by means of piezosurgery in order to reduce trauma and to optimize the design of the operculum on the cortical bone. The reopening of the surgical area was scheduled at 3 different times.</p>
<p><bold>Results.</bold>
72 sinus lifts were performed with subsequent implants insertions.</p>
<p>We want to underline how the histological results proved that the samples collected after 106 days (Early protocol) with the adding of PRF were constituted by lamellar bone tissue with an interposed stroma that appeared relaxed and richly vascularized.</p>
<p><bold>Conclusions.</bold>
The use of PRF and <italic>piezosurgery</italic>
reduced the healing time, compared to the 150 days described in literature, favoring optimal bone regeneration. At 106 days, it is already possible to achieve good primary stability of endosseous implants, though lacking of functional loading.</p>
</abstract>
<kwd-group><kwd>Reconstructive Surgery</kwd>
<kwd>Platelet Rich Fibrin</kwd>
<kwd>Grafting Materials</kwd>
<kwd>Bone replacement.</kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front>
<floats-group><fig id="F1" position="float"><label>Fig 1</label>
<caption><p><bold> a-b-c:</bold>
Histological pictures referring to <italic>Test-Side</italic>
of “EARLY Protocol”. <bold>d:</bold>
Histological picture referring to <italic>Control-Side</italic>
of “EARLY Protocol”.</p>
</caption>
<graphic xlink:href="ijmsv09p0872g01"></graphic>
<graphic xlink:href="ijmsv09p0872g02"></graphic>
<graphic xlink:href="ijmsv09p0872g03"></graphic>
<graphic xlink:href="ijmsv09p0872g04"></graphic>
</fig>
<fig id="F2" position="float"><label>Fig 2</label>
<caption><p>Histological picture referring to “INTERMEDIATE Protocol”.</p>
</caption>
<graphic xlink:href="ijmsv09p0872g05"></graphic>
</fig>
<fig id="F3" position="float"><label>Fig 3</label>
<caption><p>Histological picture referring to “LATE Protocol”.</p>
</caption>
<graphic xlink:href="ijmsv09p0872g06"></graphic>
</fig>
<table-wrap id="T1" position="float"><label>Table 1</label>
<caption><p>Synoptic evaluation of patients.</p>
</caption>
<table frame="hsides" rules="groups"><thead valign="top"><tr><th rowspan="1" colspan="1"></th>
<th rowspan="1" colspan="1">Patient</th>
<th rowspan="1" colspan="1">Age</th>
<th rowspan="1" colspan="1">Gender</th>
<th rowspan="1" colspan="1">Test-Side</th>
<th rowspan="1" colspan="1">Implants</th>
<th rowspan="1" colspan="1">Protocol</th>
<th rowspan="1" colspan="1">Failures</th>
<th rowspan="1" colspan="1">Complications</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody valign="top"><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>1</bold>
</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">M.F.</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">61</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">M</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Right</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">6</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">L Bilat.</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">NO</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">NO</td>
</tr>
<tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>2</bold>
</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">S.A.</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">58</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">F</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">R</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">3</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">E</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">NO</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">NO</td>
</tr>
<tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>3</bold>
</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">M.G.</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">58</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">F</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">R</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">3</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">E</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">NO</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">NO</td>
</tr>
<tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>4</bold>
</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">R.C.</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">46</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">F</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">R</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">2</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">I</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">NO</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">NO</td>
</tr>
<tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>5</bold>
</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">F.P.</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">44</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">F</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">R</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">3</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">L</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">NO</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">NO</td>
</tr>
<tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>6</bold>
</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">F.I.</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">55</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">F</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">R</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">3</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">I</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">NO</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">NO</td>
</tr>
<tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>7</bold>
</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">F.P.</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">60</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">M</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Left</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">2</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">L</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">NO</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">NO</td>
</tr>
<tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>8</bold>
</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">G.M.A.</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">62</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">F</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">R</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">4</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">I Bilat.</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">NO</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">NO</td>
</tr>
<tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>9</bold>
</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">A.V.</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">47</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">F</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">R</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">3</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">E</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">NO</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">NO</td>
</tr>
<tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>10</bold>
</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">E.G.</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">50</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">F</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">R</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">3</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">I</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">NO</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">NO</td>
</tr>
<tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>11</bold>
</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">A.D.</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">52</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">F</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">R</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">2</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">L</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">NO</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">NO</td>
</tr>
<tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>12</bold>
</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">G.F.</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">54</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">F</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">R</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">3</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">L</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">NO</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">NO</td>
</tr>
<tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>13</bold>
</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">V.S.</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">45</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">F</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">L</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">2</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">E</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">NO</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">NO</td>
</tr>
<tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>14</bold>
</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">V.D.</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">48</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">F</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">L</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">3</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">I</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">NO</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">NO</td>
</tr>
<tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>15</bold>
</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">R.C.</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">61</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">M</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">L</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">4</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">E Bilat.</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">NO</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">NO</td>
</tr>
<tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>16</bold>
</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">A.G.</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">51</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">F</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">R</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">3</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">L</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">NO</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">NO</td>
</tr>
<tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>17</bold>
</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">L.T.</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">55</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">F</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">L</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">5</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">E Bilat.</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">NO</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">NO</td>
</tr>
<tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>18</bold>
</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">V.L.</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">53</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">F</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">L</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">3</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">L</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">NO</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">NO</td>
</tr>
<tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>19</bold>
</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">S.D.</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">49</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">F</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">L</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">3</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">I</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">NO</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">NO</td>
</tr>
<tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>20</bold>
</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">G.T.</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">60</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">F</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">R</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">2</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">E</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">NO</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">NO</td>
</tr>
<tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>21</bold>
</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Y.F.</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">43</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">F</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">R</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">3</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">I</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">NO</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">NO</td>
</tr>
<tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>22</bold>
</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">D.B.</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">62</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">F</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">R</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">5</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">L Bilat.</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">NO</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">NO</td>
</tr>
<tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>23</bold>
</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">F.D.</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">43</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">F</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">L</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">3</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">L</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">NO</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">NO</td>
</tr>
<tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>24</bold>
</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">G.Z.</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">58</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">F</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">R</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">3</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">E</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">NO</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">NO</td>
</tr>
<tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>25</bold>
</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">F.B.</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">55</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">F</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">R</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">5</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">I Bilat.</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">NO</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">NO</td>
</tr>
<tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>26</bold>
</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">G.B.</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">49</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">F</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">L</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">3</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">E</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">NO</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">NO</td>
</tr>
<tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>27</bold>
</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">M.C.</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">52</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">M</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">L</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">6</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">I Bilat.</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">NO</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">NO</td>
</tr>
<tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>28</bold>
</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">A.S.</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">44</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">F</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">L</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">6</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">E</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">NO</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">NO</td>
</tr>
<tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>29</bold>
</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">C.V.</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">56</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">F</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">L</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">5</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">I</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">NO</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">NO</td>
</tr>
<tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>30</bold>
</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">C.Q.</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">58</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">F</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">R</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">5</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">E</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">NO</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">NO</td>
</tr>
<tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>31</bold>
</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">M.W.L.</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">43</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">M</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">R</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">5</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">L</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">NO</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">NO</td>
</tr>
<tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>32</bold>
</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">A.O.</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">49</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">F</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">R</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">5</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">E</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">NO</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">NO</td>
</tr>
<tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>33</bold>
</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">M.D.A.</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">60</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">F</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">R</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">5</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">I</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">NO</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">NO</td>
</tr>
<tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>34</bold>
</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">M.P.</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">62</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">F</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">L</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">4</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">L</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">NO</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">NO</td>
</tr>
<tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>35</bold>
</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">B.C.</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">60</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">F</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">R</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">4</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">E</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">NO</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">NO</td>
</tr>
<tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>36</bold>
</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">C.E.</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">44</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">F</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">L</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">4</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">L</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">NO</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">NO</td>
</tr>
<tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>37</bold>
</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">C.F.</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">48</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">F</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">R</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">4</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">E</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">NO</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">NO</td>
</tr>
<tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>38</bold>
</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">C.N.</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">48</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">F</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">R</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">4</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">L</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">NO</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">NO</td>
</tr>
<tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>39</bold>
</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">M.C.</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">51</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">M</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">L</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">3</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">I</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">NO</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">NO</td>
</tr>
<tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>40</bold>
</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">I.D.</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">55</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">F</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">R</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">5</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">L Bilat.</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">NO</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">NO</td>
</tr>
<tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>41</bold>
</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">R.D.</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">52</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">F</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">L</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">4</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">L</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">NO</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">NO</td>
</tr>
<tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>42</bold>
</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">E.F.</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">58</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">F</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">R</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">4</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">I</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">NO</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">NO</td>
</tr>
<tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>43</bold>
</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">V.F</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">48</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">M</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">R</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">4</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">L</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">NO</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">NO</td>
</tr>
<tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>44</bold>
</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">M.G.</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">62</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">F</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">L</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">4</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">L</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">NO</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">NO</td>
</tr>
<tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>45</bold>
</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">M.M.</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">53</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">M</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">L</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">4</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">E</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">NO</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">NO</td>
</tr>
<tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>46</bold>
</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">P.F.</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">47</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">F</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">R</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">4</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">E</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">NO</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">NO</td>
</tr>
<tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>47</bold>
</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">G.A.</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">48</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">F</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">L</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">5</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">I</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">NO</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">NO</td>
</tr>
<tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>48</bold>
</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">G.A.M.</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">44</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">F</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">L</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">4</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">I</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">NO</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">NO</td>
</tr>
<tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>49</bold>
</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">S.G.</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">59</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">F</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">L</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">5</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">E Bilat.</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">NO</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">NO</td>
</tr>
<tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>50</bold>
</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">F.D.</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">62</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">F</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">R</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">4</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">I</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">NO</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">NO</td>
</tr>
<tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>51</bold>
</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">V.A.</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">46</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">F</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">L</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">4</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">L</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">NO</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">NO</td>
</tr>
<tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>52</bold>
</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">V.R.</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">45</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">F</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">L</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">4</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">L</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">NO</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">NO</td>
</tr>
<tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>53</bold>
</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">V.M.</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">47</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">M</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">R</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">5</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">I</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">NO</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">NO</td>
</tr>
<tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>54</bold>
</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">S.I.</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">47</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">F</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">R</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">4</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">E</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">NO</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">NO</td>
</tr>
<tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>55</bold>
</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">D.D.</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">47</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">F</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">R</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">5</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">E Bilat.</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">NO</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">NO</td>
</tr>
<tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>56</bold>
</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">L.T.</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">49</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">F</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">R</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">6</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">I Bilat.</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">NO</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">NO</td>
</tr>
<tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>57</bold>
</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">A.L.N.</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">54</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">M</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">R</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">5</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">E</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">NO</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">NO</td>
</tr>
<tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>58</bold>
</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">M.F.P.</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">43</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">M</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">R</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">6</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">I</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">NO</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">NO</td>
</tr>
<tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>59</bold>
</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">A.L.</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">57</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">M</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">R</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">4</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">I</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">NO</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">NO</td>
</tr>
<tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>60</bold>
</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">G.F.</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">55</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">F</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">R</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">6</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">L Bilat.</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">NO</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">NO</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</table-wrap>
<table-wrap id="T2" position="float"><label>Table 2</label>
<caption><p>Histomorphometric Evaluations. We evaluate the results of “Test-Side” and “Control-Side” in the three protocols.</p>
</caption>
<table frame="hsides" rules="groups"><thead valign="top"><tr><th rowspan="1" colspan="1">“EARLY” PROTOCOL</th>
<th rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Test Side</italic>
</th>
<th rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Control Side</italic>
</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody valign="top"><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Medullary Spaces (%)</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">70,2</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">68,44</td>
</tr>
<tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Osteoid borders (%)</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">7,01</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">5,12</td>
</tr>
<tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Trabecular bone (%)</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">22,79</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">26,44</td>
</tr>
<tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">“INTERMEDIATE” PROTOCOL</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Test Side</italic>
</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Control Side</italic>
</td>
</tr>
<tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Medullary Spaces (%)</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">70,01</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">68,18</td>
</tr>
<tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Osteoid borders (%)</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">3,84</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">3,12</td>
</tr>
<tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Trabecular bone(%)</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">26,15</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">28,7</td>
</tr>
<tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">PROTOCOLLO “LATE”</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Test Side</italic>
</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Control Side</italic>
</td>
</tr>
<tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Medullary Spaces (%)</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">61,41</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">58,15</td>
</tr>
<tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Osteoid borders (%)</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">3,53</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">2,88</td>
</tr>
<tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Trabecular bone(%)</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">37,06</td>
<td rowspan="1" colspan="1">38,97</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</table-wrap>
</floats-group>
</pmc>
</record>
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