Strain Distribution in a Kennedy Class I Implant Assisted Removable Partial Denture under Various Loading Conditions
Identifieur interne : 002D63 ( Pmc/Curation ); précédent : 002D62; suivant : 002D64Strain Distribution in a Kennedy Class I Implant Assisted Removable Partial Denture under Various Loading Conditions
Auteurs : Reza Shahmiri [Nouvelle-Zélande] ; John M. Aarts [Nouvelle-Zélande] ; Vincent Bennani [Nouvelle-Zélande] ; Raj Das [Nouvelle-Zélande] ; Michael V. Swain [Nouvelle-Zélande]Source :
- International Journal of Dentistry [ 1687-8728 ] ; 2013.
Abstract
Url:
DOI: 10.1155/2013/351279
PubMed: 23737788
PubMed Central: 3657413
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<record><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">Strain Distribution in a Kennedy Class I Implant Assisted Removable Partial Denture under Various Loading Conditions</title><author><name sortKey="Shahmiri, Reza" sort="Shahmiri, Reza" uniqKey="Shahmiri R" first="Reza" last="Shahmiri">Reza Shahmiri</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I1">Department of Oral Rehabilitation, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Otago, P.O. Box 647, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Nouvelle-Zélande</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Oral Rehabilitation, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Otago, P.O. Box 647, Dunedin 9054</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Aarts, John M" sort="Aarts, John M" uniqKey="Aarts J" first="John M." last="Aarts">John M. Aarts</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I1">Department of Oral Rehabilitation, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Otago, P.O. Box 647, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Nouvelle-Zélande</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Oral Rehabilitation, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Otago, P.O. Box 647, Dunedin 9054</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bennani, Vincent" sort="Bennani, Vincent" uniqKey="Bennani V" first="Vincent" last="Bennani">Vincent Bennani</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I1">Department of Oral Rehabilitation, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Otago, P.O. Box 647, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Nouvelle-Zélande</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Oral Rehabilitation, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Otago, P.O. Box 647, Dunedin 9054</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Das, Raj" sort="Das, Raj" uniqKey="Das R" first="Raj" last="Das">Raj Das</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I2">Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Nouvelle-Zélande</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Swain, Michael V" sort="Swain, Michael V" uniqKey="Swain M" first="Michael V." last="Swain">Michael V. Swain</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I1">Department of Oral Rehabilitation, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Otago, P.O. Box 647, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Nouvelle-Zélande</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Oral Rehabilitation, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Otago, P.O. Box 647, Dunedin 9054</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PMC</idno><idno type="pmid">23737788</idno><idno type="pmc">3657413</idno><idno type="url">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3657413</idno><idno type="RBID">PMC:3657413</idno><idno type="doi">10.1155/2013/351279</idno><date when="2013">2013</date><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Corpus">002D63</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PMC">002D63</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Curation">002D63</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Curation">002D63</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">Strain Distribution in a Kennedy Class I Implant Assisted Removable Partial Denture under Various Loading Conditions</title><author><name sortKey="Shahmiri, Reza" sort="Shahmiri, Reza" uniqKey="Shahmiri R" first="Reza" last="Shahmiri">Reza Shahmiri</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I1">Department of Oral Rehabilitation, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Otago, P.O. Box 647, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Nouvelle-Zélande</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Oral Rehabilitation, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Otago, P.O. Box 647, Dunedin 9054</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Aarts, John M" sort="Aarts, John M" uniqKey="Aarts J" first="John M." last="Aarts">John M. Aarts</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I1">Department of Oral Rehabilitation, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Otago, P.O. Box 647, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Nouvelle-Zélande</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Oral Rehabilitation, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Otago, P.O. Box 647, Dunedin 9054</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bennani, Vincent" sort="Bennani, Vincent" uniqKey="Bennani V" first="Vincent" last="Bennani">Vincent Bennani</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I1">Department of Oral Rehabilitation, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Otago, P.O. Box 647, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Nouvelle-Zélande</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Oral Rehabilitation, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Otago, P.O. Box 647, Dunedin 9054</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Das, Raj" sort="Das, Raj" uniqKey="Das R" first="Raj" last="Das">Raj Das</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I2">Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Nouvelle-Zélande</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Swain, Michael V" sort="Swain, Michael V" uniqKey="Swain M" first="Michael V." last="Swain">Michael V. Swain</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I1">Department of Oral Rehabilitation, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Otago, P.O. Box 647, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Nouvelle-Zélande</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Oral Rehabilitation, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Otago, P.O. Box 647, Dunedin 9054</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">International Journal of Dentistry</title><idno type="ISSN">1687-8728</idno><idno type="eISSN">1687-8736</idno><imprint><date when="2013">2013</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p><italic>Purpose</italic>. This in vitro study investigates how unilateral and bilateral occlusal loads are transferred to an implant assisted removable partial denture (IARPD). <italic>Materials and Methods</italic>. A duplicate model of a Kennedy class I edentulous mandibular arch was made and then a conventional removable partial denture (RPD) fabricated. Two Straumann implants were placed in the second molar region, and the prosthesis was modified to accommodate implant retained ball attachments. Strain gages were incorporated into the fitting surface of both the framework and acrylic to measure microstrain (<italic><italic>μ</italic></italic>Strain). The IARPD was loaded to 120Ns unilaterally and bilaterally in three different loading positions. Statistical analysis was carried out using SPSS version 18.0 (SPSS, Inc., Chicago, IL, USA) with an alpha level of 0.05 to compare the maximum <italic><italic>μ</italic></italic>Strain values of the different loading conditions. <italic>Results</italic>. During unilateral and bilateral loading the maximum <italic><italic>μ</italic></italic>Strain was predominantly observed in a buccal direction. As the load was moved anteriorly the <italic><italic>μ</italic></italic>Strain increased in the mesial area. Unilateral loading resulted in a twisting of the structure and generated a strain mismatch between the metal and acrylic surfaces. <italic>Conclusions</italic>. Unilateral loading created lateral and vertical displacement of the IARPD. The curvature of the dental arch resulted in a twisting action which intensified as the unilateral load was moved anteriorly.</p></div></front><back><div1 type="bibliography"><listBibl><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Kapur, Kk" uniqKey="Kapur K">KK Kapur</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Rissin, L" uniqKey="Rissin L">L Rissin</name></author><author><name sortKey="Feldman, Rs" uniqKey="Feldman R">RS Feldman</name></author><author><name sortKey="Kapur, Kk" uniqKey="Kapur K">KK Kapur</name></author><author><name sortKey="Chauncey, Hh" uniqKey="Chauncey H">HH Chauncey</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Manderson, Rd" uniqKey="Manderson R">RD Manderson</name></author><author><name sortKey="Wills, Dj" uniqKey="Wills D">DJ Wills</name></author><author><name sortKey="Picton, Dca" uniqKey="Picton D">DCA Picton</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name 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<front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Int J Dent</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="iso-abbrev">Int J Dent</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">IJD</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title>International Journal of Dentistry</journal-title></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1687-8728</issn><issn pub-type="epub">1687-8736</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Hindawi Publishing Corporation</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="pmid">23737788</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="pmc">3657413</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1155/2013/351279</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Strain Distribution in a Kennedy Class I Implant Assisted Removable Partial Denture under Various Loading Conditions</article-title></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Shahmiri</surname><given-names>Reza</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="I1"><sup>1</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Aarts</surname><given-names>John M.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="I1"><sup>1</sup></xref><xref ref-type="corresp" rid="cor1">*</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Bennani</surname><given-names>Vincent</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="I1"><sup>1</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid" authenticated="false">0000-0001-9977-6201</contrib-id><name><surname>Das</surname><given-names>Raj</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="I2"><sup>2</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Swain</surname><given-names>Michael V.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="I1"><sup>1</sup></xref></contrib></contrib-group><aff id="I1"><sup>1</sup>Department of Oral Rehabilitation, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Otago, P.O. Box 647, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand</aff><aff id="I2"><sup>2</sup>Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand</aff><author-notes><corresp id="cor1">*John M. Aarts: <email>john.aarts@otago.ac.nz</email></corresp><fn fn-type="other"><p>Academic Editor: Spiros Zinelis</p></fn></author-notes><pub-date pub-type="ppub"><year>2013</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>30</day><month>4</month><year>2013</year></pub-date><volume>2013</volume><elocation-id>351279</elocation-id><history><date date-type="received"><day>30</day><month>1</month><year>2013</year></date><date date-type="accepted"><day>19</day><month>3</month><year>2013</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright © 2013 Reza Shahmiri et al.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2013</copyright-year><license xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/"><license-p>This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.</license-p></license></permissions><abstract><p><italic>Purpose</italic>. This in vitro study investigates how unilateral and bilateral occlusal loads are transferred to an implant assisted removable partial denture (IARPD). <italic>Materials and Methods</italic>. A duplicate model of a Kennedy class I edentulous mandibular arch was made and then a conventional removable partial denture (RPD) fabricated. Two Straumann implants were placed in the second molar region, and the prosthesis was modified to accommodate implant retained ball attachments. Strain gages were incorporated into the fitting surface of both the framework and acrylic to measure microstrain (<italic><italic>μ</italic></italic>Strain). The IARPD was loaded to 120Ns unilaterally and bilaterally in three different loading positions. Statistical analysis was carried out using SPSS version 18.0 (SPSS, Inc., Chicago, IL, USA) with an alpha level of 0.05 to compare the maximum <italic><italic>μ</italic></italic>Strain values of the different loading conditions. <italic>Results</italic>. During unilateral and bilateral loading the maximum <italic><italic>μ</italic></italic>Strain was predominantly observed in a buccal direction. As the load was moved anteriorly the <italic><italic>μ</italic></italic>Strain increased in the mesial area. Unilateral loading resulted in a twisting of the structure and generated a strain mismatch between the metal and acrylic surfaces. <italic>Conclusions</italic>. Unilateral loading created lateral and vertical displacement of the IARPD. The curvature of the dental arch resulted in a twisting action which intensified as the unilateral load was moved anteriorly.</p></abstract></article-meta></front><floats-group><fig id="fig1" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Figure 1</label><caption><p>(a) Orientation of strain gauges on metal framework and acrylic surfaces. (b) Strain gauges placement on acrylic surface.</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="IJD2013-351279.001"></graphic></fig><fig id="fig2" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Figure 2</label><caption><p>(a) Bilateral loading uniform; (b) bilateral loading premolar; (c) bilateral loading molar.</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="IJD2013-351279.002"></graphic></fig><fig id="fig3" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Figure 3</label><caption><p>(a) Unilateral loading uniform; (b) unilateral loading premolar; (c) unilateral loading molar.</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="IJD2013-351279.003"></graphic></fig><fig id="fig4" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Figure 4</label><caption><p>Maximum mean microstrain values of metal surface for all three bilateral loading conditions (left lateral mesiobuccal area).</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="IJD2013-351279.004"></graphic></fig><fig id="fig5" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Figure 5</label><caption><p>An inverse correlation between maximum microstrain of the mesiobuccal area next to the rest versus the distobuccal area next to the implant as the loading point moves from uniform to molar and then premolar.</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="IJD2013-351279.005"></graphic></fig><fig id="fig6" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Figure 6</label><caption><p>Comparison of microstrain values in both metal framework and acrylic base (bilateral loading conditions).</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="IJD2013-351279.006"></graphic></fig><fig id="fig7" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Figure 7</label><caption><p>Comparison of microstrain values in both metal framework and acrylic base (unilateral loading conditions).</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="IJD2013-351279.007"></graphic></fig><fig id="fig8" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Figure 8</label><caption><p>Microstrain-time plot of gauge 1 illustrating preloading, loading, and unloading microstrain behaviour during a bilateral uniform loading cycle.</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="IJD2013-351279.008"></graphic></fig><fig id="fig9" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Figure 9</label><caption><p>Lever created by the effort arm in relation to the resistance arm, demonstrating the increase in the lever as it extends anteriorly.</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="IJD2013-351279.009"></graphic></fig><fig id="fig10" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Figure 10</label><caption><p>Twisting of the prosthesis around the axis of rotation during unilateral loading of right side.</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="IJD2013-351279.010"></graphic></fig><table-wrap id="tab1" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Table 1</label><caption><p>Mean microstrain on metal and acrylic surfaces under different loading conditions.</p></caption><table frame="hsides" rules="groups"><thead><tr><th align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </th><th align="center" colspan="4" rowspan="1">Mesial of the ridge </th><th align="center" colspan="8" rowspan="1">Around implant</th></tr><tr><th align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </th><th align="center" colspan="2" rowspan="1">Orientation of gage</th><th align="center" colspan="2" rowspan="1">Buccal direction</th><th align="center" colspan="2" rowspan="1">Anterior direction</th><th align="center" colspan="2" rowspan="1">Buccal direction</th><th align="center" colspan="2" rowspan="1">Lingual direction</th><th align="center" colspan="2" rowspan="1">Anterior direction</th><th align="center" colspan="2" rowspan="1"> Posterior direction</th></tr><tr><th align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Left side</th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Right side</th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Left side</th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Right side</th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Left ridge</th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Right ridge</th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Left ridge</th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Right ridge</th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Left ridge</th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Right ridge</th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Left ridge</th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Right ridge</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td align="left" rowspan="6" colspan="1">Bilateral loading</td><td align="center" rowspan="2" colspan="1">Premolar<break></break><italic>n</italic> = 10</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Metal</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> 92.5 (2.3)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> 133.5 (3.4)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> 11.4 (1.2)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−33.2 (2.9)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">4.7 (0.3)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2.8 (1.9)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> −76.6 (1.9)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> 16.1 (2.1)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0 (1.2)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> −23.6 (2.1)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.0 (0.9)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> −2.7 (1.8)</td></tr><tr><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Acrylic</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> 228.7 (1.3)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> 127.9 (1.0)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">6.5 (1.9)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−14.7 (2.2)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> 132.2 (2.0)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> 28.6 (1.0)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">51.2 (1.2)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">49.8 (3.7)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">14.3 (1.6)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> 20.9 (1.6)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> 46.1 (3.8)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> 9.0 (2.3)</td></tr><tr><td align="center" rowspan="2" colspan="1">Molar<break></break><italic>n</italic> = 10</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Metal</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> 70.3 (2.8)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">91.3 (2.0)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">6.6 (0.6)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−29.1 (1.7)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">14.8 (0.4)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> 14.5 (2.2)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> −79.1 (2.1)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">27.2 (2.5)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">4.4 (1.0)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> 26.0 (0.5)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.2 (0.1)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> 2.1 (2.2)</td></tr><tr><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Acrylic</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> 148.4 (4.5)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">88.5 (0.7)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> −2.0 (0.4)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−13.2 (2.5)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> 174.4 (2.7)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> 25.5 (1.8)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">77.0 (2.3)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">51.2 (1.0)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">31.2 (1.4)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> 43.7 (1.1)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> 58.8 (4.5)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> 14.1 (0.4)</td></tr><tr><td align="center" rowspan="2" colspan="1">Uniform<break></break><italic>n</italic> = 10</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Metal</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> 59.6 (2.9)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> 109.5 (2.0)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> 13.0 (1.8)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−46.1 (1.0)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3.9 (1.9)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">9.7 (0.9)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−60.7 (2.8)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">23.5 (1.0)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.7 (1.2)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> −5.4 (1.8)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.4 (0.1)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> −4.2 (1.9)</td></tr><tr><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Acrylic</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> −25.2 (2.1)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">8.4 (4.2)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> −22.6 (6.9)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−16.5 (10.1)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> 255.8 (15.2)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> 45.4 (11.7)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> 140.0 (2.1)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">61.7 (4.7)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2.4 (4.0)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">5.3 (2.7)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> 74.5 (4.7)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> 28.1 (4.0)</td></tr><tr><td align="left" colspan="15" rowspan="1"><hr></hr></td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="6" colspan="1">Unilateral loading</td><td align="center" rowspan="2" colspan="1">Premolar<break></break><italic>n</italic> = 10</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Metal</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−56.5 (0.8)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">43.4 (4.9)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> −2.1 (1.0)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−32.1 (1.8)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> 11.6 (0.7)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> 9.0 (0.5)</td></tr><tr><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Acrylic</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> −1.1 (0.4)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−46.1 (3.6)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> 46.5 (1.6)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">87.7 (1.8)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.6 (0.3)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> 13.6 (1.6)</td></tr><tr><td align="center" rowspan="2" colspan="1">Molar<break></break><italic>n</italic> = 10</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Metal</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−47.1 (1.5)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">32.4 (1.4)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> −3.2 (0.6)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−21.5 (1.5)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> 7.0 (0.7)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">6.3 (1.4)</td></tr><tr><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Acrylic</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">234.0 (2.6)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−34.6 (3.7)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> 37.6 (3.2)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">97.6 (1.8)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> 76.5 (3.7)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> 21.0 (3.6)</td></tr><tr><td align="center" rowspan="2" colspan="1">Uniform<break></break><italic>n</italic> = 10</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Metal</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−19.9 (2.9)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">15.4 (2.3)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> −6.2 (1.7)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−10.4 (2.1)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.7 (1.4)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">4.0 (1.9)</td></tr><tr><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Acrylic</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">59.1 (1.0)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−8.1 (3.2)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> 52.1 (1.4)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">91.6 (1.4)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> 46.3 (3.1)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> 37.4 (1.6)</td></tr></tbody></table><table-wrap-foot><fn><p>Negative <italic>µ</italic>Strain indicates compression. </p></fn><fn><p>Positive <italic>µ</italic>Strain indicates tension.</p></fn><fn><p>Standard deviation in brackets.</p></fn></table-wrap-foot></table-wrap></floats-group></pmc></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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