Poor Dental Status and Oral Hygiene Practices in Institutionalized Older People in Northeast Brazil
Identifieur interne : 002D33 ( Pmc/Curation ); précédent : 002D32; suivant : 002D34Poor Dental Status and Oral Hygiene Practices in Institutionalized Older People in Northeast Brazil
Auteurs : Luciene Ribeiro Gaião [Brésil] ; Maria Eneide Leitão De Almeida [Brésil] ; José Gomes Bezerra Filho [Brésil] ; Peter Leggat ; Jorg HeukelbachSource :
- International Journal of Dentistry [ 1687-8728 ] ; 2009.
Abstract
In this study we describe the dental status and oral hygiene practices in institutionalized older people and identify factors associated with poor dental status. A cross-sectional study was performed in a nursing home in Fortaleza, the capital of Ceará State (northeast Brazil). The number of decayed, missing, and filled teeth (DMFT) was assessed in the residents of the nursing home (
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DOI: 10.1155/2009/846081
PubMed: 20339459
PubMed Central: 2836820
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<record><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">Poor Dental Status and Oral Hygiene Practices in Institutionalized Older People in Northeast Brazil</title><author><name sortKey="Ribeiro Gaiao, Luciene" sort="Ribeiro Gaiao, Luciene" uniqKey="Ribeiro Gaiao L" first="Luciene" last="Ribeiro Gaião">Luciene Ribeiro Gaião</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I1">Department of Community Health, School of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará (UFC), Fortaleza, Ceará 60430-140, Brazil</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Brésil</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Community Health, School of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará (UFC), Fortaleza, Ceará 60430-140</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Leitao De Almeida, Maria Eneide" sort="Leitao De Almeida, Maria Eneide" uniqKey="Leitao De Almeida M" first="Maria Eneide" last="Leitão De Almeida">Maria Eneide Leitão De Almeida</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I2">Department of Clinical Dentistry, School of Pharmacy, Dentistry and Nursing, Federal University of Ceará (UFC), Fortaleza, Ceará 60430-140, Brazil</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Brésil</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Clinical Dentistry, School of Pharmacy, Dentistry and Nursing, Federal University of Ceará (UFC), Fortaleza, Ceará 60430-140</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bezerra Filho, Jose Gomes" sort="Bezerra Filho, Jose Gomes" uniqKey="Bezerra Filho J" first="José Gomes" last="Bezerra Filho">José Gomes Bezerra Filho</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I1">Department of Community Health, School of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará (UFC), Fortaleza, Ceará 60430-140, Brazil</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Brésil</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Community Health, School of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará (UFC), Fortaleza, Ceará 60430-140</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Leggat, Peter" sort="Leggat, Peter" uniqKey="Leggat P" first="Peter" last="Leggat">Peter Leggat</name><affiliation><nlm:aff>NONE</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff>NONE</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Heukelbach, Jorg" sort="Heukelbach, Jorg" uniqKey="Heukelbach J" first="Jorg" last="Heukelbach">Jorg Heukelbach</name><affiliation><nlm:aff>NONE</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff>NONE</nlm:aff></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PMC</idno><idno type="pmid">20339459</idno><idno type="pmc">2836820</idno><idno type="url">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2836820</idno><idno type="RBID">PMC:2836820</idno><idno type="doi">10.1155/2009/846081</idno><date when="2009">2009</date><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Corpus">002D33</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PMC">002D33</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Curation">002D33</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Curation">002D33</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">Poor Dental Status and Oral Hygiene Practices in Institutionalized Older People in Northeast Brazil</title><author><name sortKey="Ribeiro Gaiao, Luciene" sort="Ribeiro Gaiao, Luciene" uniqKey="Ribeiro Gaiao L" first="Luciene" last="Ribeiro Gaião">Luciene Ribeiro Gaião</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I1">Department of Community Health, School of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará (UFC), Fortaleza, Ceará 60430-140, Brazil</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Brésil</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Community Health, School of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará (UFC), Fortaleza, Ceará 60430-140</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Leitao De Almeida, Maria Eneide" sort="Leitao De Almeida, Maria Eneide" uniqKey="Leitao De Almeida M" first="Maria Eneide" last="Leitão De Almeida">Maria Eneide Leitão De Almeida</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I2">Department of Clinical Dentistry, School of Pharmacy, Dentistry and Nursing, Federal University of Ceará (UFC), Fortaleza, Ceará 60430-140, Brazil</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Brésil</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Clinical Dentistry, School of Pharmacy, Dentistry and Nursing, Federal University of Ceará (UFC), Fortaleza, Ceará 60430-140</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bezerra Filho, Jose Gomes" sort="Bezerra Filho, Jose Gomes" uniqKey="Bezerra Filho J" first="José Gomes" last="Bezerra Filho">José Gomes Bezerra Filho</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I1">Department of Community Health, School of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará (UFC), Fortaleza, Ceará 60430-140, Brazil</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Brésil</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Community Health, School of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará (UFC), Fortaleza, Ceará 60430-140</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Leggat, Peter" sort="Leggat, Peter" uniqKey="Leggat P" first="Peter" last="Leggat">Peter Leggat</name><affiliation><nlm:aff>NONE</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff>NONE</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Heukelbach, Jorg" sort="Heukelbach, Jorg" uniqKey="Heukelbach J" first="Jorg" last="Heukelbach">Jorg Heukelbach</name><affiliation><nlm:aff>NONE</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff>NONE</nlm:aff></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">International Journal of Dentistry</title><idno type="ISSN">1687-8728</idno><idno type="eISSN">1687-8736</idno><imprint><date when="2009">2009</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p>In this study we describe the dental status and oral hygiene practices in institutionalized older people and identify factors associated with poor dental status. A cross-sectional study was performed in a nursing home in Fortaleza, the capital of Ceará State (northeast Brazil). The number of decayed, missing, and filled teeth (DMFT) was assessed in the residents of the nursing home (<italic>n</italic> = 167; mean age = 76.6 years). The mean DMFT value was 29.7; the mean number of missing teeth was 28.4. Ninety-three (58.1%) were edentulous. Almost 90% practiced oral hygiene, but only about half used a toothbrush. Only 8% had visited a dentist in the preceding three months. Most of the variables regarding oral hygiene habits (such as the use of toothbrush, frequency of oral hygiene per day, regular tooth brushing after meals) did not show any significant association with the DMFT. In multivariate regression analysis, age, general literacy level, and practice of oral hygiene were independently associated with the DMFT (R<sup>2</sup> = 0.13). Institutionalized older people in northeast Brazil have poor dental status, and oral hygiene practices are insufficient. Dental health education is needed focusing on the special needs of this neglected and socioeconomically deprived population to improve their quality of life.</p></div></front><back><div1 type="bibliography"><listBibl><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Petersen, Pe" uniqKey="Petersen P">PE Petersen</name></author><author><name sortKey="Yamamoto, T" uniqKey="Yamamoto T">T Yamamoto</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Da Silva, Sr" uniqKey="Da Silva S">SR da Silva</name></author><author><name sortKey="Valsecki, A" uniqKey="Valsecki A">A Valsecki</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Ellis, Ag" uniqKey="Ellis A">AG Ellis</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Stubbs, C" uniqKey="Stubbs C">C Stubbs</name></author><author><name sortKey="Riordan, Pj" uniqKey="Riordan P">PJ 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<front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Int J Dent</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="iso-abbrev">Int J Dent</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">IJD</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title>International Journal of Dentistry</journal-title></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1687-8728</issn><issn pub-type="epub">1687-8736</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Hindawi Publishing Corporation</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="pmid">20339459</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="pmc">2836820</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1155/2009/846081</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Poor Dental Status and Oral Hygiene Practices in Institutionalized Older People in Northeast Brazil</article-title></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Ribeiro Gaião</surname><given-names>Luciene</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="I1"><sup>1</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Leitão de Almeida</surname><given-names>Maria Eneide</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="I2"><sup>2</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Bezerra Filho</surname><given-names>José Gomes</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="I1"><sup>1</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Leggat</surname><given-names>Peter</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="I3"><sup>3, 4</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="I4"></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Heukelbach</surname><given-names>Jorg</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="I1"><sup>1, 3</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="I3"></xref><xref ref-type="corresp" rid="cor1">*</xref></contrib></contrib-group><aff id="I1"><sup>1</sup>Department of Community Health, School of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará (UFC), Fortaleza, Ceará 60430-140, Brazil</aff><aff id="I2"><sup>2</sup>Department of Clinical Dentistry, School of Pharmacy, Dentistry and Nursing, Federal University of Ceará (UFC), Fortaleza, Ceará 60430-140, Brazil</aff><aff id="I3"><sup>3</sup>School of Public Health, Tropical Medicine and Rehabilitation Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville 4811, Australia</aff><aff id="I4"><sup>4</sup>School of Public Health, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2050, South Africa</aff><author-notes><corresp id="cor1">*Jorg Heukelbach: <email>heukelbach@web.de</email></corresp><fn fn-type="other"><p>Recommended by W. Murray Thomson</p></fn></author-notes><pub-date pub-type="ppub"><year>2009</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>26</day><month>5</month><year>2009</year></pub-date><volume>2009</volume><elocation-id>846081</elocation-id><history><date date-type="received"><day>2</day><month>7</month><year>2008</year></date><date date-type="rev-recd"><day>14</day><month>12</month><year>2008</year></date><date date-type="accepted"><day>9</day><month>3</month><year>2009</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright © 2009 Luciene Ribeiro Gaião et al.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2009</copyright-year><license xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/"><license-p>This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.</license-p></license></permissions><abstract><p>In this study we describe the dental status and oral hygiene practices in institutionalized older people and identify factors associated with poor dental status. A cross-sectional study was performed in a nursing home in Fortaleza, the capital of Ceará State (northeast Brazil). The number of decayed, missing, and filled teeth (DMFT) was assessed in the residents of the nursing home (<italic>n</italic> = 167; mean age = 76.6 years). The mean DMFT value was 29.7; the mean number of missing teeth was 28.4. Ninety-three (58.1%) were edentulous. Almost 90% practiced oral hygiene, but only about half used a toothbrush. Only 8% had visited a dentist in the preceding three months. Most of the variables regarding oral hygiene habits (such as the use of toothbrush, frequency of oral hygiene per day, regular tooth brushing after meals) did not show any significant association with the DMFT. In multivariate regression analysis, age, general literacy level, and practice of oral hygiene were independently associated with the DMFT (R<sup>2</sup> = 0.13). Institutionalized older people in northeast Brazil have poor dental status, and oral hygiene practices are insufficient. Dental health education is needed focusing on the special needs of this neglected and socioeconomically deprived population to improve their quality of life.</p></abstract></article-meta></front><floats-group><table-wrap id="tab1" position="float"><label>Table 1</label><caption><p>Demographic and socioeconomic characteristics of institutionalized older people in northeast Brazil.</p></caption><table frame="hsides" rules="groups"><thead><tr><th align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Total N (%)*</th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Dentate N (%)*</th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Edentulous N (%)*</th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>P</italic> value (dentates versus edentulous)</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Sex</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Male</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">81 (50.6%)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">43 (53.1%)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">38 (46.9%)</td><td align="center" rowspan="2" colspan="1"><italic>P</italic> = .004</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Female</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">79 (49.4%)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">24 (30.4%)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">55 (69.6%)</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Age </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> 65–74 years </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">75 (46.9%)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">33 (44.0%)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">42 (56.0%)</td><td align="center" rowspan="3" colspan="1"><italic>P</italic> = .7</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> 75–84 years</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">56 (35.0%)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">21 (37.5%)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">35 (62.5%)</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> ≥85 years</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">29 (18.1%)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">13 (44.8%)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">16 (55.2%)</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Marital status</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Single/widowed/divorced</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">141 (88.1%)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">54 (38.3%)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">87 (61.2%)</td><td align="center" rowspan="2" colspan="1"><italic>P</italic> = .01</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Married</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">19 (11.9%)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">13 (68.4%)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">6 (31.6%)</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Time in institution </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> 0–5 years</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">85 (53.1%)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">42 (49.4%)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">43 (50.6%)</td><td align="center" rowspan="3" colspan="1"><italic>P</italic> = .1</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> 6–10 years </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">32 (20.0%)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">12 (37.5%)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">20 (62.5%)</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> >10 years</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">43 (26.9%)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">13 (30.2%)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">30 (69.8%)</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">General literacy level</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Illiterate</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">65 (40.6%)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">26 (40.0%)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">39 (60.0%)</td><td align="center" rowspan="2" colspan="1"><italic>P</italic> = .7</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Literate</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">95 (59.4%)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">41 (43.2%)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">54 (56.8%)</td></tr></tbody></table><table-wrap-foot><fn><p><bold>*</bold>% in “total” column are column percentages; % in “dentate” and “edentulous” columns are row percentages.</p></fn></table-wrap-foot></table-wrap><table-wrap id="tab2" position="float"><label>Table 2</label><caption><p>Oral hygiene practices of institutionalized older people in northeast Brazil (<bold>n</bold> = 160).</p></caption><table frame="hsides" rules="groups"><thead><tr><th align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Total N (%)</th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Dentates N (%)</th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Edentulous N (%)</th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>P</italic> value (dentates versus edentulous)</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Practices any type of oral hygiene</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> No </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">17 (10.6%)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">5 (7.5%)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">12 (12.9%)</td><td align="center" rowspan="2" colspan="1"><italic>P</italic> = .3</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Yes</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">143 (89.4%)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">62 (92.5%)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">81 (87.1%)</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Who performs the oral hygiene?<sup>†</sup></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Patient </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">111 (77.6%)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">49 (79.0%)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">62 (76.5%)</td><td align="center" rowspan="2" colspan="1"><italic>P</italic> = .7</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Carer</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">32 (22.4%)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">13 (21.0%)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">19 (23.5%)</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Use of a toothbrush </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> No</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">78 (48.7%)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">33 (49.3%)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">45 (48.4%)</td><td align="center" rowspan="2" colspan="1"><italic>P</italic> = .9</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Yes</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">82 (51.3%)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">34 (50.7%)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">48 (51.6%)</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Received health education regarding oral hygiene*</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> No </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">54 (34.2%)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">27 (40.3%)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">27 (29.0%)</td><td align="center" rowspan="2" colspan="1"><italic>P</italic> = .16</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Yes</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">104 (65.8%)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">40 (59.7%)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">64 (68.8%)</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Regular toothbrushing after meals </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> No </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">70 (43.8%)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">37 (55.2%)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">33 (35.5%)</td><td align="center" rowspan="2" colspan="1"><italic>P</italic> = .01</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Yes</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">90 (56.2%)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">30 (44.8%)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">60 (64.5%)</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Frequency of oral hygiene per day </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Never </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">17 (10.6%)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">10 (14.9%)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">7 (7.5%)</td><td align="center" rowspan="4" colspan="1"><italic>P</italic> = .4</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Once </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">41 (25.6%)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">15 (22.4%)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">26 (28.0%)</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Twice </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">66 (41.3%)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">26 (38.8%)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">40 (43.0%)</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Three times or more</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">36 (22.5%)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">16 (23.9%)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">20 (21.5%)</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Cleaning the tongue </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> No </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">85 (53.1%)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">39 (58.2%)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">46 (49.5%)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>P</italic> = .3</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Yes</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">75 (46.9%)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">28 (41.8%)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">47 (50.5%)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Visit to a dentist in the last 3 months*</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> No </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">144 (91.7%)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">56 (83.6%)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">88 (94.6%)</td><td align="center" rowspan="2" colspan="1"><italic>P</italic> = .1</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Yes</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">13 (8.3%)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">8 (11.9%)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">5 (5.4%)</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Reason for the last visit to dentist*</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Toothache </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">8 (7.1%)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">5 (7.5%)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3 (3.2%)</td><td align="center" rowspan="4" colspan="1">—</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Routine exam </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">5 (4.5%)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1 (1.5%)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">4 (4.3%)</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Dental extraction </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">43 (38.4%)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">23 (34.3%)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">20 (21.5%)</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Need of prosthesis</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">33 (29.5%)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">6 (8.9%)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">27 (29.0%)</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Perceived need for treatment*</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> No </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">73 (55.7%)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">23 (34.3%)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">50 (53.8%)</td><td align="center" rowspan="2" colspan="1"><italic>P</italic> = .006</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Yes</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">58 (44.3%)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">32 (47.7%)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">26 (27.9%)</td></tr></tbody></table><table-wrap-foot><fn><p>*data were not available in all cases; <sup>†</sup>of those practicing oral hygiene.</p></fn></table-wrap-foot></table-wrap><table-wrap id="tab3" position="float"><label>Table 3</label><caption><p>Bivariate analysis of variables associated with the number of decayed, missing, and filled teeth (DMFT) in institutionalized older people in northeast Brazil.</p></caption><table frame="hsides" rules="groups"><thead><tr><th align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Variable</th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Mean DMFT</th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Standard deviation</th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>P</italic>-value</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Sex </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Male </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">29.0</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">5.10</td><td align="center" rowspan="2" colspan="1">.03</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Female</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">30.5</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3.31</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Age (years) </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> 65–74 </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">28.7</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">5.27</td><td align="center" rowspan="3" colspan="1">.05</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> 75–84 </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">30.3</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3.64</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> ≥85</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">31.5</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.12</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Marital status</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Single/widower/divorced</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">29.7</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">4.36</td><td align="center" rowspan="2" colspan="1">.91</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Married</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">29.6</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">4.45</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Time in institution </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> 0–5 years </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">29.2</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">4.88</td><td align="center" rowspan="3" colspan="1">.17</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> 6–10 years </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">30.0</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3.97</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> >10 years</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">30.5</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3.39</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">General literacy level </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Illiterate </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">30.8</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3.14</td><td align="center" rowspan="2" colspan="1">.03</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Literate</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">29.6</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">4.14</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Practices any type of oral hygiene </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> No </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">28.4</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">5.07</td><td align="center" rowspan="2" colspan="1">.24</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Yes</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">29.9</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">4.25</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Who does the oral hygiene </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Older people </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">29.6</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">4.48</td><td align="center" rowspan="2" colspan="1">.08</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Carer</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">30.9</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3.24</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Use of tooth brush </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> No </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">30.4</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3.69</td><td align="center" rowspan="2" colspan="1">.06</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Yes</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">29.1</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">4.84</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Received health education on oral hygiene</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> No </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">29.0</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">5.35</td><td align="center" rowspan="2" colspan="1">.18</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Yes</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">30.0</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3.75</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Regular tooth brushing after meals </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> No </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">29.1</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">4.59</td><td align="center" rowspan="2" colspan="1">.12</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Yes</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">30.2</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">4.13</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Frequency of oral hygiene per day </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> None </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">28.4</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">5.07</td><td align="center" rowspan="4" colspan="1">.41</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Once </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">29.8</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">4.05</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Twice </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">30.5</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3.25</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Three times or more</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">28.8</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">5.76</td></tr></tbody></table></table-wrap></floats-group></pmc></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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| HfdSelect -Kh $EXPLOR_AREA/Data/Pmc/Curation/biblio.hfd \
| NlmPubMed2Wicri -a EdenteV2
| This area was generated with Dilib version V0.6.32. |  |